RESUMO
The study of emotional concepts stands at a very interesting intersection between the theoretical debate about the nature of emotions and the debate about the nature of processing concrete concepts and abstract concepts. On the one hand, it is debated whether it is possible to differentiate basic emotions from secondary emotions and, on the other hand, whether emotional concepts differ from abstract concepts. In this regard, the prototypical perceptual aspects are considered an important factor both for the differentiation between concrete and abstract concepts and for the differentiation between basic and secondary emotions (facial expressions). Thus, the objective has been to determine if (a) the presence or absence of a prototypical perceptual referent, and (b) the type of concept (referring to emotion and not referring to emotion), produce differences between concepts of basic emotions, secondary emotions and concepts not related to emotions, concrete and abstract, in the tasks of qualification of concreteness, imageability and availability of context and the task of the list of properties, that have been used in previous studies. A total of 86 university students from the suburbs of La Serena - Coquimbo (Chile), all native Spanish speakers, participated in the study. The results show that in the perception of concreteness and in the total of enumerated properties, emotional concepts presented similar results to abstract concepts not related to emotion and there was no difference between basic and secondary emotion concepts. In imageability and context availability, emotional concepts were perceived as different from and more concrete than abstract concepts. In addition, the cause-effect type attributes allowed to clearly differentiate emotional concepts from those not related to emotion and to differentiate between basic and secondary emotion concepts. These types of attributes appear almost exclusively in emotional concepts and are more frequent in basic emotions. These results are partially consistent with the predictions of Neurocultural and Conceptual Act theories about emotions.
RESUMO
Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente femenino de 38 años de edad, vista en emergencia en un hospital de New York, que consulta por dolor abdominal, fiebre y astenia. Los estudios complementarios muestran linfopenia y leve alteración de transaminasas. Por TAC abdominopelvica, se visualiza imágenes en bases pulmonares, de tipo reticulonodular. Se le tomó muestra para COVID-19. Fue manejada en emergencias con hidratación parenteral, antipireticos, se le indica antibióticos por via oral y se instruye medidas sociales de aislamiento. Dos días después, consulta nuevamente, confirmadose COVID-19 positivo. Es seguida de manera ambulatoria, una semana después con buena evolución clínica. Adicionalmente se muestra una revisión clínica y explicación fisiopatológica del compromiso del tubo digestivo por el virus y la forma atípica de presentación con dolor abdominal
The clinical case of a 38-year-old female patient, seen in an emergency room in a New York hospital, who consults for abdominal pain, fever and fatigue is presented. Complementary studies show lymphopenia and slight alteration of transaminases. Abdominopelvic CT scan visualizes images in the lung bases, reticulonodular type. A sample was taken for COVID-19. She was managed in emergencies with parenteral hydration, antipyretics, oral antibiotics are indicated and social isolation measures are instructed. Two days later, it cost again, confirming positive COVID-19. It is followed on an outpatient basis, one week later with good clinical evolution. Additionally, a clinical review and pathophysiological explanation of the involvement of the digestive tract by the virus and the atypical form of presentation with abdominal pain are shown
RESUMO
Alexithymia can be defined as inability to identify and describe emotions in the self. Has shown to be related to several psychological and pathological processes that can result in unsatisfactory interpersonal relationships and decreased social adjustment. Advances in research of alexithymia require the development and validation of assessment instruments, and its application to different population. With this aim, we studied the psychometric properties of the Twenty-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) in Chilean population using various modeling procedures (e.g., CFA, ESEM) in different structures (i.e., Correlated, Unidimensional, Hierarchical or Wording factors). Among the 10 models tested, the four-dimensional structure offered the best fit but with item-loading problems in the last factor (Pragmatic Thinking). We suggest that the studied version of the scale needs improvement (theoretical and empirical) to ensure optimal indices of validation for Chilean population.
RESUMO
El trastorno de déficit atencional con hiperactividad (TDAH) constituye uno de los cuadros de mayor prevalencia durante la niñez. El presente trabajo se focalizó en evaluar si el Test de Rendimiento Continuo de Conners era capaz de discriminar entre niños con y sin TDAH diagnosticados por el docente. Se conformó una muestra no probabilística de 30 niños escolares (15 clínicos y 15 normales) a través de la aplicación del cuestionario de atención. Todos los niños completaron la aplicación del test computarizado de Conners. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre la muestra normal y clínica. Todos los niños seleccionados como normales no encajaron el perfil clínico. Solo el 50% de los casos considerados con TDAH encajaron el perfil clínico. Se analizan las implicancias del sobre/diagnóstico del trastorno.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorder during childhood. The present study aimed to evaluate if the Conners Continous Performance Test was able to discriminate among ADHD and normal children completed the Conners computarized test. Significant differences between normal and clinical sample were found. All children selected as normal did not fit the clinical profile. Only 50% of the children considered as having ADHD fit the clinical profile. Implications for the issue of overdiagnosis of the disorder are discussed.