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Background: Less than 5% of canine uroliths are found in the kidney and ureter. The decision to remove a nephrolith iscontroversial and should be considered in cases of refractory infection, hematuria, presence of obstructive uropathy andcompression of the renal parenchyma. The aim of this report is to describe an unusual presentation of bilateral nephrolithiasis in a dog, occupying almost the entire renal parenchyma, its clinical and imaging findings, in addition to surgicaltreatment and its evolution.Case: A 10-year-old male Basset Hound was evaluated at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (HCV) of the FederalUniversity of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), presenting prostration, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and severe hematuriafor three days. On physical examination the patient was dehydrated, with pale mucous membranes, uremic breath andabdominal pain. Blood tests showed mild anemia and azotemia. In both kidneys, abdominal ultrasonography exhibited alarge hyperechoic structure with deep acoustic shadowing. These same structures were observed in abdominal radiographicexamination as radiopaque structures, confirming the diagnosis of bilateral nephrolithiasis. Urine culture was positive forcoagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp. The patient was stabilized with fluid therapy, antiemetic, analgesics, antibiotics andwhole blood transfusion. Unilateral nephrotomy of the right kidney was performed to remove the urolith. After three months,nephrotomy of the left kidney was performed to remove the other urolith...(AU)

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Background: Less than 5% of canine uroliths are found in the kidney and ureter. The decision to remove a nephrolith iscontroversial and should be considered in cases of refractory infection, hematuria, presence of obstructive uropathy andcompression of the renal parenchyma. The aim of this report is to describe an unusual presentation of bilateral nephrolithiasis in a dog, occupying almost the entire renal parenchyma, its clinical and imaging findings, in addition to surgicaltreatment and its evolution.Case: A 10-year-old male Basset Hound was evaluated at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (HCV) of the FederalUniversity of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), presenting prostration, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and severe hematuriafor three days. On physical examination the patient was dehydrated, with pale mucous membranes, uremic breath andabdominal pain. Blood tests showed mild anemia and azotemia. In both kidneys, abdominal ultrasonography exhibited alarge hyperechoic structure with deep acoustic shadowing. These same structures were observed in abdominal radiographicexamination as radiopaque structures, confirming the diagnosis of bilateral nephrolithiasis. Urine culture was positive forcoagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp. The patient was stabilized with fluid therapy, antiemetic, analgesics, antibiotics andwhole blood transfusion. Unilateral nephrotomy of the right kidney was performed to remove the urolith. After three months,nephrotomy of the left kidney was performed to remove the other urolith...

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Iobitridol is a tri-iodinated contrast agent, and neurotoxicologic studies of the intracisternal administration are scarce and inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to compare the neurotoxicity of iobitridol with iohexol, by intracisternal administration in Wistar rats, for a pre-clinical evaluation of its use as a myelographic agent. The animals, a total of 75, were divided into three experimental groups, iobitridol, iohexol and cerebral artificial fluid (control group), with 25 animals per group. Then, these were divided into five subgroups of five animals each, and given doses of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg kg-1, while the control group received the equivalent volumes of contrast media tested. The animals were evaluated after 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min of intracisternal administration of these substances, for signs of depression and excitement, tactile palmar grasp, flexor, extensor, palpebral, papillary and pinna reflexes, surface righting and placing reactions, and with an auditory startle test. The evaluations were assessed daily for seven days with these parameters and their body weight, food, and water intake were also measured. There were no statistically significant differences between groups tested with respect to any of the evaluated parameters. In other words, in this animal model, the iobitridol demonstrated a low neurotoxicologic potential, comparable to that observed with iohexol. Further study with dogs and cats, as an alternative, is suggested.(AU)

O iobitridol é um meio de contraste tri-iodado, e estudos referentes à neurotoxicidade, com administração subaracnóide são escassos e inconclusivos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a neurotoxicidade do iobitridol com a do iohexol, por via intracisternal, em ratos Wistar, como avaliação pré-clínica da utilização deste como agente mielográfico. Foram utilizados 75 animais divididos em três grupos experimentais com 25 animais: iobitridol, iohexol e líquido cerebroespinhal artificial (grupo controle). Estes foram subdivididos em cinco subgrupos com cinco animais cada, com doses distintas de 200, 400, 600, 800 e 1000 mg kg-1, sendo utilizado no grupo controle o volume equivalente aos meios de contraste testados. Os animais foram avaliados após 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 e 240 min da administração intracisternal dessas substâncias, quanto a sinais de depressão e excitação, reflexos tátil de agarramento palmar, flexor, extensor, palpebral, pupilar e da pina, reação de endireitamento e posicionamento e resposta auditiva. Nos sete dias subsequentes, os animais foram avaliados diariamente quanto a estes parâmetros, e ainda a massa corporal, a ingestão de ração e de água, foram mensuradas. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos testados com meios de contraste, em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Dessa forma, nesse modelo animal, o iobitridol demonstrou baixa neurotoxicidade, comparável a observada com o iohexol. Sugerem-se mais estudos com cães e gatos para utilização do iobitridol como alternativa.(AU)

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Iobitridol is a tri-iodinated contrast agent, and neurotoxicologic studies of the intracisternal administration are scarce and inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to compare the neurotoxicity of iobitridol with iohexol, by intracisternal administration in Wistar rats, for a pre-clinical evaluation of its use as a myelographic agent. The animals, a total of 75, were divided into three experimental groups, iobitridol, iohexol and cerebral artificial fluid (control group), with 25 animals per group. Then, these were divided into five subgroups of five animals each, and given doses of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg kg-1, while the control group received the equivalent volumes of contrast media tested. The animals were evaluated after 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min of intracisternal administration of these substances, for signs of depression and excitement, tactile palmar grasp, flexor, extensor, palpebral, papillary and pinna reflexes, surface righting and placing reactions, and with an auditory startle test. The evaluations were assessed daily for seven days with these parameters and their body weight, food, and water intake were also measured. There were no statistically significant differences between groups tested with respect to any of the evaluated parameters. In other words, in this animal model, the iobitridol demonstrated a low neurotoxicologic potential, comparable to that observed with iohexol. Further study with dogs and cats, as an alternative, is suggested.

O iobitridol é um meio de contraste tri-iodado, e estudos referentes à neurotoxicidade, com administração subaracnóide são escassos e inconclusivos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a neurotoxicidade do iobitridol com a do iohexol, por via intracisternal, em ratos Wistar, como avaliação pré-clínica da utilização deste como agente mielográfico. Foram utilizados 75 animais divididos em três grupos experimentais com 25 animais: iobitridol, iohexol e líquido cerebroespinhal artificial (grupo controle). Estes foram subdivididos em cinco subgrupos com cinco animais cada, com doses distintas de 200, 400, 600, 800 e 1000 mg kg-1, sendo utilizado no grupo controle o volume equivalente aos meios de contraste testados. Os animais foram avaliados após 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 e 240 min da administração intracisternal dessas substâncias, quanto a sinais de depressão e excitação, reflexos tátil de agarramento palmar, flexor, extensor, palpebral, pupilar e da pina, reação de endireitamento e posicionamento e resposta auditiva. Nos sete dias subsequentes, os animais foram avaliados diariamente quanto a estes parâmetros, e ainda a massa corporal, a ingestão de ração e de água, foram mensuradas. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos testados com meios de contraste, em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Dessa forma, nesse modelo animal, o iobitridol demonstrou baixa neurotoxicidade, comparável a observada com o iohexol. Sugerem-se mais estudos com cães e gatos para utilização do iobitridol como alternativa.

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ABSTRACT: Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common bone tumor diagnosed in dogs and represents approximately 85% of canine skeletal tumors. The most commonly employed therapy is amputation of the limb followed by chemotherapy. However, preservation of the afflicted limb has been successful for patients with concomitant neurological or orthopedic conditions, which are contraindications to the complete amputation, or with owners reluctant to the possibility of amputation. For these reasons, the purpose of this study was to describe the technical procedures that allowed limb salvage through the use of pedicle frozen grafts in a dog with femoral OSA. Surgical procedures consisted of a femoral diaphyseal osteotomy with tearing of the soft tissues; thus, creating a bone pedicle that was frozen in liquid nitrogen according to the protocol outlined by TSUCHIYA et al. (2005). Limb function remained satisfactory for six months.

RESUMO: Dentre os tumores ósseos que acometem os cães, o osteossarcoma (OSA) é o mais frequentemente diagnosticado e representa 85% das neoplasias de origem esquelética. A terapêutica comumente indicada é a amputação do membro, seguida de quimioterapia. No entanto, a preservação do membro afetado tem sido realizada em pacientes com afecções neurológicas ou ortopédicas concomitantes, que contraindicam a amputação radical ou em caso de tutores relutantes em aceitar a amputação. Em razão disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever a técnica de preservação de membro através de pedículo congelado em nitrogênio líquido em um cão com osteossarcoma de fêmur. A técnica cirúrgica empregada consistiu na osteotomia diafisária do fêmur, com divulsão dos tecidos moles, criando assim o pedículo ósseo que foi congelado em nitrogênio líquido, seguindo o protocolo realizado por TSUCHIYA et al. (2005). O cão permaneceu com a função satisfatória do membro por um período de seis meses.

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Background: Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that allows vascular anatomical and dynamics evaluation. Each artery has flow velocity profiles and different Doppler spectrum. The purpose of this study was to determine if sedation with acepromazine and butorphanol in dogs alters Doppler velocimetric values and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries of healthy dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty healthy female dogs, aged 1 to 5 years, with body weight ranging from 10 to 25 kg, were evaluated with Doppler ultrasound in order to obtain: peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, time average medium velocity, time average maximum velocity, resistive index, pulsatility index, and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries. The same animals were sedated with acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and buthorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) and the same parameters were reevaluated. The heart rate was also measured. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of UFRGS, under the 25552 protocol, and the owners signed an informed consent form. Statistical analysis was performed with pared t test.The heart rate was statistically significant different, 98 ± 20.13 bpm before and 79 ± 17.74 after sedation. The exam was done before and after [...](AU)

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Background: Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that allows vascular anatomical and dynamics evaluation. Each artery has flow velocity profiles and different Doppler spectrum. The purpose of this study was to determine if sedation with acepromazine and butorphanol in dogs alters Doppler velocimetric values and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries of healthy dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty healthy female dogs, aged 1 to 5 years, with body weight ranging from 10 to 25 kg, were evaluated with Doppler ultrasound in order to obtain: peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, time average medium velocity, time average maximum velocity, resistive index, pulsatility index, and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries. The same animals were sedated with acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and buthorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) and the same parameters were reevaluated. The heart rate was also measured. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of UFRGS, under the 25552 protocol, and the owners signed an informed consent form. Statistical analysis was performed with pared t test.The heart rate was statistically significant different, 98 ± 20.13 bpm before and 79 ± 17.74 after sedation. The exam was done before and after [...]

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Background: Primary bladder tumors are rare in dogs, in spite of that, the transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the malignant tumor that most affects dogs. The TCC usually begins in the vesical trigone and extends into the bladder, and may cause partial or complete obstruction of the urinary flow. The treatment with cystectomy and urinary diversion in veterinary medicine is not usual probably because the partial cystectomy has low success and ureterocolonic anastomosis can cause pyelonephritis and/ or urinary incontinence. This paper describes the cystectomy surgery and ureterocolonic anastomosis in a dog with TCC in the bladder and bilateral hydronephrosis. Case: A 8-year-old, male, not castrated, Pitbull was referred to the Veterinary Clinic Hospital - UFRGS. The patient had progressive weight loss, low appetite, dysuria, and hematuria. Abdominal ultrasound showed bilaterally hydronephrosis, kidney pelvis and ureter dilatation. The mesogastric region presented a mass measuring about 14 cm. An exploratory laparotomy was request by the responsible veterinarian. A mass, measuring about 20 cm was observed in the spleen and a splenectomy was requested. An increased of the kidneys volume and an expansion of the renal pelvis and ureter were observed. The bladder wall had thickened and presented a firm consistency, an ureterocolonic anastomosis was requested by the responsible [...]

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Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common bone tumor diagnosed in dogs and represents approximately 85% of canine skeletal tumors. The most commonly employed therapy is amputation of the limb followed by chemotherapy. However, preservation of the afflicted limb has been successful for patients with concomitant neurological or orthopedic conditions, which are contraindications to the complete amputation, or with owners reluctant to the possibility of amputation. For these reasons, the purpose of this study was to describe the technical procedures that allowed limb salvage through the use of pedicle frozen grafts in a dog with femoral OSA. Surgical procedures consisted of a femoral diaphyseal osteotomy with tearing of the soft tissues; thus, creating a bone pedicle that was frozen in liquid nitrogen according to the protocol outlined by TSUCHIYA et al. (2005). Limb function remained satisfactory for six months.(AU)

Dentre os tumores ósseos que acometem os cães, o osteossarcoma (OSA) é o mais frequentemente diagnosticado e representa 85% das neoplasias de origem esquelética. A terapêutica comumente indicada é a amputação do membro, seguida de quimioterapia. No entanto, a preservação do membro afetado tem sido realizada em pacientes com afecções neurológicas ou ortopédicas concomitantes, que contraindicam a amputação radical ou em caso de tutores relutantes em aceitar a amputação. Em razão disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever a técnica de preservação de membro através de pedículo congelado em nitrogênio líquido em um cão com osteossarcoma de fêmur. A técnica cirúrgica empregada consistiu na osteotomia diafisária do fêmur, com divulsão dos tecidos moles, criando assim o pedículo ósseo que foi congelado em nitrogênio líquido, seguindo o protocolo realizado por TSUCHIYA et al. (2005). O cão permaneceu com a função satisfatória do membro por um período de seis meses.(AU)

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Background: Primary bladder tumors are rare in dogs, in spite of that, the transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the malignant tumor that most affects dogs. The TCC usually begins in the vesical trigone and extends into the bladder, and may cause partial or complete obstruction of the urinary flow. The treatment with cystectomy and urinary diversion in veterinary medicine is not usual probably because the partial cystectomy has low success and ureterocolonic anastomosis can cause pyelonephritis and/ or urinary incontinence. This paper describes the cystectomy surgery and ureterocolonic anastomosis in a dog with TCC in the bladder and bilateral hydronephrosis. Case: A 8-year-old, male, not castrated, Pitbull was referred to the Veterinary Clinic Hospital - UFRGS. The patient had progressive weight loss, low appetite, dysuria, and hematuria. Abdominal ultrasound showed bilaterally hydronephrosis, kidney pelvis and ureter dilatation. The mesogastric region presented a mass measuring about 14 cm. An exploratory laparotomy was request by the responsible veterinarian. A mass, measuring about 20 cm was observed in the spleen and a splenectomy was requested. An increased of the kidneys volume and an expansion of the renal pelvis and ureter were observed. The bladder wall had thickened and presented a firm consistency, an ureterocolonic anastomosis was requested by the responsible [...](AU)

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