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Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and the obesity is one of the factors related to the risk of breast cancer mainly in postmenopausal women. This study investigated the association between obesity in pre- and postmenopausal women with the development of breast cancer and the expression of estrogen, progesterone, HeR-2 and triple-negative (TN) receptors. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 100 patients with recently diagnosed breast cancer and 400 age-matched controls. The women were divided into pre- and post-menopausal groups. Results: The multivariate analysis showed that postmenopausal women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 at pre-diagnosis and at the most recent measurement were 1.50 (95% CI 1.06-2.13) and 1.56 (95% CI 1.11-2.21) times more likely to develop breast cancer, respectively. These women had a prevalence of obesity of 27.7% when considering pre-diagnosis BMI and 29.4% when analyzing the indicator of recent BMI. When only the cases regarding the presence of obesity with clinicopathological variables were analyzed, a total of 95.2% of the postmenopausal women with pre-diagnostic obesity according to BMI presented the positive estrogen receptor (ER) subtype. Conclusions: In Brazilian women, there is an association between obesity and the risk of breast cancer postmenopause; moreover, there is an association between the occurrence of the positive ER subtype in postmenopausal women and pre-diagnostic obesity according to BMI.

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Background: Cancer is a major public health problem. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for reducing mortality. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with delay in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment among women attending a reference cancer service. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed with data collected from medical records and interviews conducted with women diagnosed with breast cancer and treated from October 2013 to October 2014 at a cancer reference hospital in Paraná, Southern Brazil. Results: A total of 82 participants were enrolled during the study period; their average age was 58.2 ± 11.5 years. The average time taken for final diagnosis of breast cancer was 102.5 ± 165.5 days. Treatment onset was delayed in the majority of cases, and the average time elapsing from diagnostic biopsy to onset of primary treatment was 72.3 ± 54.0 days. The odds of treatment delay were higher among the women with a low educational level. Conclusions: The results underline the need for proposals aimed at early detection, identification of risk factors and timely provision of treatment by health managers that focus on this group.

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Objective: To evaluate screening by the Papanicolaou smear (Pap) and the frequency of cervical abnormalities in the age range recommended by the Brazilian programme for prevention and control of cervical cancer (CC) in the years 2012 and 2013 in a high prevalence city. Methods: This retrospective study covered results of Pap examinations performed on women aged ≥12 years residing in urban areas of the city of Maringá, Paraná in Brazil. The examinations were performed in the years 2012 and 2013 for the System of Public Health (SPH) which maintains a city database. The age ranges were grouped as recommended into <15-24, 25-64, and >64 years. Results: A total 40,866 women were screened, 19,606 in 2012 and 21,260 in 2013. The Pap exams performed for the age range 25-64 years accounted for 80.7% of the total in 2012 and 80.3% in 2013 (p=0.13), while those for <15 to 24 years accounted for 11.7% and 11.3%, respectively. There were more tests performed in the >64 years age group in 2013 (8.46%) than in 2012 (7.52%) (p<0.001). A total of 1,354 (3.31%) women presented with abnormal test results, with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) as the most prevalent finding (2.12%) in 2012, while in 2013 it was LSIL (1.56%) (p<0.001 for both). Women with ASC-US showed a lower mean age than did those with other lesions in both years. Conclusions: This study detected a significant expansion of women screened for CC in age ranges not recommended by the Brazilian government.

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OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with intra-hospital neonatal mortality based on the individual characteristics of at-risk pregnant mothers, delivery and newborns. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study of live newborns delivered by women attended at the high-risk outpatient unit of a philanthropic hospital in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil between September 2012 and September 2013. RESULTS: Six hundred and eighty-eight women participated in the study. The neonatal mortality coefficient found was 17.7/1,000 live births, most in the early neonatal phase. Premature labor, fetal malformation and multiple gestations were associated with neonatal death. Premature, very low birth weight newborns and those with an Apgar score of less than seven, five minutes after birth were at high risk of death. CONCLUSION: Identifying risk factors can help plan actions to consolidate the perinatal network. Specific programs should be incentivized in other countries, in the search for significant perinatal results such as reducing neonatal mortality. OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores associados à mortalidade neonatal intra-hospitalar com base nas características individuais de gestantes de risco, do parto e do recém-nascido. MÉTODO: Estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal, realizado com crianças nascidas vivas de partos hospitalares de mulheres acompanhadas pelo ambulatório de alto risco de um hospital filantrópico de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil, no período de setembro de 2012 a setembro de 2013.RESULTADOS Fizeram parte da pesquisa 688 mulheres. O coeficiente de mortalidade neonatal foi de 17,7 óbitos/1.000 nascidos vivos, sendo sua maioria no período neonatal precoce. Trabalho de parto prematuro, malformação fetal e gestação múltipla foram as intercorrências associadas ao óbito neonatal. Recém-nascidos prematuros, com muito baixo peso ao nascer e Índice de Apgar menor que sete no quinto minuto de vida apresentaram risco elevado de morte. CONCLUSÃO: A identificação de fatores de risco pode auxiliar no planejamento de ações para consolidação da rede perinatal. Programas específicos devem ser incentivados em outros países, na busca de resultados perinatais expressivos, como a redução da mortalidade neonatal.

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ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components among pre- and postmenopausal women, as well as the association between menopausal status and MS. Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted at a reference cardiology outpatient clinic in a city located in Northwestern Paraná State, Brazil. A total of 958 medical records of symptomatic climacteric women evaluated between 2010 and 2014 were analyzed. The study consisted of two groups: pre- and post-menopausal women. MS was characterized according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III – NCEP-ATP III-2005. Results MS was observed in 18.5% of the total study population; 9.4% of the premenopausal women and 22.2% of the postmenopausal women displayed MS, corresponding to a relative risk of 2.75. In addition, the frequency of MS increased with age. Regarding the components of MS, postmenopausal women were more likely to have high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels < 50 mg/dL; systolic blood pressure (SBP) values ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values ≥ 85 mmHg; and fasting glucose levels ≥ 100 mg/dL. Conclusion MS was more prevalent among postmenopausal women than among premenopausal women.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components among pre- and postmenopausal women, as well as the association between menopausal status and MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted at a reference cardiology outpatient clinic in a city located in Northwestern Paraná State, Brazil. A total of 958 medical records of symptomatic climacteric women evaluated between 2010 and 2014 were analyzed. The study consisted of two groups: pre- and post-menopausal women. MS was characterized according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III - NCEP-ATP III-2005. RESULTS: MS was observed in 18.5% of the total study population; 9.4% of the premenopausal women and 22.2% of the postmenopausal women displayed MS, corresponding to a relative risk of 2.75. In addition, the frequency of MS increased with age. Regarding the components of MS, postmenopausal women were more likely to have high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels < 50 mg/dL; systolic blood pressure (SBP) values ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values ≥ 85 mmHg; and fasting glucose levels ≥ 100 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: MS was more prevalent among postmenopausal women than among premenopausal women.

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INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death among women. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze time trends in overall mortality from breast cancer in Brazil, Brazilian regions and States. METHODS: This is an exploratory study, of the time series of deaths from breast cancer contained in the Mortality Information System (SIM), of women living in Brazil, Brazilian regions and States, from 1996 to 2013. For the trend analysis, the polynomial regression model was used, and a significant trend was considered when the estimated model obtained a p value <0.05. RESULTS: There was a tendency of increased mortality from breast cancer in Brazilian women (average increase of 0.18 per year; p <0.001), with regional differences, particularly in the age group 20-49 years (0.07 per year; p <0.001). The age group 50-69 years remained constant but had high average rates (37.14). CONCLUSION: More effective planning is needed to focus on the different scenarios of the Brazilian regions. Screening strategies for the incidence and mortality from breast cancer must also be rethought according to age group in the country.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify the factors associated with intra-hospital neonatal mortality based on the individual characteristics of at-risk pregnant mothers, delivery and newborns. METHOD This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study of live newborns delivered by women attended at the high-risk outpatient unit of a philanthropic hospital in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil between September 2012 and September 2013. RESULTS Six hundred and eighty-eight women participated in the study. The neonatal mortality coefficient found was 17.7/1,000 live births, most in the early neonatal phase. Premature labor, fetal malformation and multiple gestations were associated with neonatal death. Premature, very low birth weight newborns and those with an Apgar score of less than seven, five minutes after birth were at high risk of death. CONCLUSION Identifying risk factors can help plan actions to consolidate the perinatal network. Specific programs should be incentivized in other countries, in the search for significant perinatal results such as reducing neonatal mortality.

Resumen OBJETIVO Identificar los factores asociados con la mortalidad neonatal intrahospitalaria con base en las características individuales de gestantes de riesgo, del parto y del recién nacido. MÉTODO Estudio epidemiológico del tipo transversal, realizado con niños nacidos vivos de partos hospitalarios de mujeres seguidas en el ambulatorio de alto riesgo de un hospital filantrópico de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil, en el período de septiembre de 2012 a septiembre de 2013. RESULTADOS Hicieron parte de la investigación 688 mujeres. El coeficiente de mortalidad neonatal fue de 7,7 defunciones/1.000 nacidos vivos, siendo su mayoría en el período neonatal precoz. Trabajo de parto prematuro, malformación fetal y gestación múltiple fueron los sucesos asociados con la defunción neonatal. Recién nacidos prematuros, con muy bajo peso al nacer e Índice de Apgar menor que siete el quinto minuto de vida presentaron riesgo elevado de muerte. CONCLUSIÓN La identificación de factores de riesgo puede auxiliar la planificación de acciones para consolidación de la red perinatal. Se deben incentivar programas específicos en otros países, en la búsqueda por resultados perinatales considerables, como la reducción de la mortalidad neonatal.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Identificar os fatores associados à mortalidade neonatal intra-hospitalar com base nas características individuais de gestantes de risco, do parto e do recém-nascido. MÉTODO Estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal, realizado com crianças nascidas vivas de partos hospitalares de mulheres acompanhadas pelo ambulatório de alto risco de um hospital filantrópico de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil, no período de setembro de 2012 a setembro de 2013. RESULTADOS Fizeram parte da pesquisa 688 mulheres. O coeficiente de mortalidade neonatal foi de 17,7 óbitos/1.000 nascidos vivos, sendo sua maioria no período neonatal precoce. Trabalho de parto prematuro, malformação fetal e gestação múltipla foram as intercorrências associadas ao óbito neonatal. Recém-nascidos prematuros, com muito baixo peso ao nascer e Índice de Apgar menor que sete no quinto minuto de vida apresentaram risco elevado de morte. CONCLUSÃO A identificação de fatores de risco pode auxiliar no planejamento de ações para consolidação da rede perinatal. Programas específicos devem ser incentivados em outros países, na busca de resultados perinatais expressivos, como a redução da mortalidade neonatal.

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Objetiva-se descrever os casos de sífi lis em gestantes notifi cados no período de 2012 a 2014. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo, utilizando fonte secundária de dados da fi cha de notifi cação dos casos de sífi lis em gestantes do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notifi cação da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Dos 95 casos notifi cados durante o período, notou-se um aumento da notifi cação ano a ano. 66,3% das gestantes tinham idade entre 20 e 34 anos, em 56,8% a cor da pele prevalente foi branca, 48,4% dos casos foram diagnosticados no primeiro trimestre. 63,2% das gestantes encontravam-se na fase primária da doença e 63,2% dos parceiros não foram tratados. Concluí-se que os resultados encontrados apontam um longo caminho a ser percorrido rumo a eliminação deste agravo

The aim is to describe the cases of syphilis in pregnant women reported in the period from 2012 to 2014. A descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective study using secondary source notifi cation form data of syphilis cases in Grievances Information System Pregnant Notifi cation Municipal Health. In the 95 reported cases during the period, it was noted an increase in the reporting year to year. 66.3 % of pregnant women were aged between 20 and 34 years, 56.8% in the prevalent skin color was white, 48.4 % of cases were diagnosed in the fi rst quarter. 63.2 % of women were in the early stage of the disease and 63.2 % of partners were not treated. It concludes that he results indicate a long way to go towards the elimination of this disease

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Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os resultados perinatais de gestantes de alto risco com síndrome hipertensiva. Estudo transversal, de base documental, com 920 prontuários de gestantes de um ambulatório de alto risco. A variável independente foi a síndrome hipertensiva, considerando a hipertensão arterial como condições preexistentes, pré-eclâmpsia como antecedente obstétrico e doença hipertensiva específica da gestação (DHEG) como intercorrência clínica. As variáveis dependentes foram prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer, Apgar inferior a sete no 1° e 5° minutos, morte fetal, morte infantil, parto normal e parto cesáreo. Para analisar a associação entre as variáveis, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e comparou-se o risco relativo no intervalo de confiança (IC) a 95%. Da amostra estudada, 25,32% apresentaram síndrome hipertensiva; 14,36% foram classificadas com hipertensão arterial (grupo 1), 6,73% com pré-eclâmpsia (grupo 2); 4,02% apresentaram DHEG (grupo 3); e 30,65% eram normotensas (grupo 4). No grupo 1 constatou-se risco elevado para morte fetal e o parto normal foi fator de proteção. No grupo 2 verificou-se risco elevado para parto cesáreo. No grupo 3, constituiu risco elevado para prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer. Os três grupos apresentaram risco elevado para Apgar baixo no 1º e 5º minuto. As síndromes hipertensivas na gestação relacionaram-se a resultados perinatais desfavoráveis, evidenciando a necessidade de cuidados especializados à gestante, por meio de um pré-natal especializado e de qualidade.

This study aimed to analyze the perinatal outcomes of high risk pregnancies of women with hypertensive syndrome. It was a cross-sectional study,with a documental basis, with 920 records of pregnant women from a high-risk outpatient clinic. The independent variable was hypertensivesyndrome, considering arterial hypertension as pre-existing conditions, pre-eclampsia as obstetric antecedents and heart disease of pregnancy(HDP) as clinical complications. The dependent variables were prematurity, low birth weight, Apgar score below than seven in the 1st and 5thminutes of life, fetal death, infant death, normal delivery and cesarean delivery. To analyze the association between the variables, the Chi-squaretest was used and Relative Risk was compared in the 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the sample studied, 25.32% presented hypertensive syndrome;14.36% were classified with arterial hypertension (group 1), 6.73% with preeclampsia (group 2); 4.02% presented DHEG (group 3) and a total of30.65% normotensive (group 4). In group 1, there was a high risk for fetal death and normal delivery was a protective factor. In group 2, there was ahigh risk for cesarean section. In group 3, it was a high risk for prematurity and low birth weight. The three groups were at high risk for low Apgarat the 1st and 5th minute. Hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy were associated with unfavorable perinatal outcomes, evidencing the needfor specialized care to the pregnant woman through a specialized prenatal and quality.

En esta investigación se busca analizar los resultados perinatales de embarazadas de alto riesgo con síndrome hipertensivo. Estudio transversal,de base documental con 920 registros de embarazadas de una clínica ambulatoria de alto riesgo. La variable independiente fue el síndrome hipertensivo, considerando la hipertensión arterial como condición preexistente, la preeclampsia como antecedente obstétrico y la enfermedad hipertensiva específica del embarazo (DHEG) como intercurrencia clínica. Las variables dependientes fueron prematuridad, bajo peso al nacer,Apgar inferior a siete en el 1 ° y 5 ° minutos, muerte fetal, muerte infantil, parto normal y cesárea. Para analizar la asociación entre las variables seutilizó la prueba Chi-cuadrado y se comparó el riesgo relativo en el intervalo de confianza (IC) al 95%. De la muestra estudiada, 25,32% presentaron síndrome hipertensivo; 14,36% se clasificaron con hipertensión arterial (grupo 1), 6,73% con preeclampsia (grupo 2); 4,02% presentaron DHEG(grupo 3) y un total de 30,65% normotensas (grupo 4). En el grupo 1 se constató riesgo elevado para la muerte fetal y el parto normal fue unfactor de protección. En el grupo 2 se observó riesgo elevado para la cesárea. En el grupo 3, riesgo elevado para la prematuridad y el bajo peso alnacer. Los tres grupos presentaron riesgo elevado para Apgar bajo el primero y quinto minutos. Los síndromes hipertensivos en el embarazo serelacionaron con resultados perinatales desfavorables, evidenciando la necesidad de cuidados especializados a la embarazada, por medio de un prenatal especializado y de calidad.

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