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Purpose: To provide expert consensus and evidence-based current guidelines on treatment technique, postoperative care, expected outcomes and retreatment for MicroPulse Transscleral Laser Treatment (TLT). Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed led to the identification and analysis of 61 studies on MicroPulse TLT. To provide guidance in areas where there was not enough available literature, a three-round Delphi method was conducted involving 10 international experts in MicroPulse TLT. Results: The response rate was 70% in the first round, 70% in the second round, and 80% in the third round of the Delphi method. Once all responses were aggregated, a live meeting was held with 90% attendance, and consensus was achieved on each of the findings detailed in this manuscript. Conclusion: Used within appropriate treatment parameters, with proper technique and patient selection, MicroPulse TLT is a safe and effective treatment for many types and severities of glaucoma. MicroPulse TLT represents a useful addition to the glaucoma armamentarium.

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Purpose: To provide consensus-based current guidelines on optimal dosimetry and patient selection for MicroPulse Transscleral Laser Therapy (TLT) based on a review of the literature and a Delphi method. Methods: A comprehensive search of Pub Med led to the identification and analysis of 61 studies on MicroPulse TLT that contained information on laser settings and patient selection. To determine consensus in areas where there was not enough available literature, a three-round Delphi method was conducted. Results: The response rate was 90% in the first round, 90% in the second round, and 80% in the third round of the Delphi technique. Once all responses were aggregated, a live meeting was held with 80% attendance, and consensus was achieved on each of the findings detailed in this manuscript. Conclusion: Micropulse TLT is a useful addition to the glaucoma armamentarium. When used with proper surgical technique at energy settings within the boundaries described in this manuscript, MicroPulse TLT is a safe and effective treatment for many types and stages of glaucoma. Based on current knowledge and experience, the consensus recommendation of this expert panel is that the standard MicroPulse TLT settings using the revised MicroPulse P3 Probe should be 2500 mW, 31.3% duty cycle, and 4 sweeps at a sweep velocity of 20 seconds each per hemisphere. Both hemispheres avoiding the 3 and 9 clock hours should be treated. The panel also reached consensus on patient selection for MicroPulse TLT providing guidance for the use of the procedure.

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Since the first peer-reviewed publication on MicroPulse® Transscleral Laser Therapy (MP-TLT) in 2010, authors worldwide have used a wide range of treatment parameter combinations with varying clinical efficacy in terms of the magnitude of intraocular pressure reduction, success rate, durability, and safety profile. This has made it difficult to determine the proper parameters necessary to optimize efficacy and safety, and has made comparison of results from one investigation to another difficult. The first goal of this paper is to explain and highlight the impact of the choices of exposure time and the number of sweeps per hemisphere in terms of "sweep velocity" on energy delivery to the eye. These treatment parameters are underreported in the literature. The second goal is to introduce fluence as a "dose" metric, that combines all the treatment parameters and constants into a single number. Fluence may be a better light-dose metric and a more reliable indicator of clinical outcomes compared to total energy.

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PURPOSE: To report for the first time the successful use of the Kahook Dual Blade excisional goniotomy technique in a patient with Transthyretin Amyloidosis. PATIENT AND METHODS: The Kahook Dual Blade is a single use ab interno trabeculectomy device that removes the trabecular meshwork reducing aqueous humor outflow resistance. A patient with Transthyretin Amyloidosis underwent this procedure. RESULTS: Ab interno goniotomy with Kahook Dual Blade was a successful surgical solution to reduce intraocular pressure in a patient with Transthyretin Amyloidosis secondary glaucoma controlling IOP in association with topical hypotensors for at least 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Ab interno goniotomy with Kahook Dual Blade is a surgical option for this type of glaucoma, that treats the main site of aqueous outflow resistance in this pathology with the advantage of being minimally invasive.

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Micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation is a promising and relatively new technique that uses repetitive micropulses of diode laser energy, delivered with the Cyclo G6 Glaucoma Laser System (Iridex Corporation), in an off-and-on cyclical manner. This review article provides an update on the latest data available for this technique, including a discussion of the aspects in which there is still limited data, such as the precise mechanism of action, the ideal laser parameters based on total energy levels, as well as an overview of other potentially relevant variables that may be playing an important role in outcomes.

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RESUMO

MicroPulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (IRIDEX Corp., Mountain View, CA) is a novel technique that uses repetitive micropulses of active diode laser (On cycles) interspersed with resting intervals (Off cycles). It has been proposed that the OFF cycles allow thermal dissipation and, therefore, reduce collateral damage. The literature suggests that Micropulse has a better safety profile compared to traditional continuous-wave cyclophotocoagulation. However, because it is a relatively new technique, there are no clear guidelines stating the ideal laser parameters that would allow the best balance between high and sustained effectiveness with minimal side effects. This research reviewed the literature to approximate ideal parameters for single-session treatment. To simplify the comparison between studies, this study used Joules (J) as a way to standardize the energy levels employed. The reviewed clinical publications allowed reduction of these parameters to a range between 112 and 150 J of total energy, which allows a moderate IOP lowering effect of around 30% with few/no complications. An additional narrowing of the parameters was achieved after analyzing recently published experimental data. These data suggest a different mechanism of action for the Micropulse, similar to that of the pilocarpine. This effect was maximum at 150 J. Since clinical studies show few or no complications, even at those energy levels, it could be hypothesized that the ideal parameters can be located at a point closer to 150 J. This data also leads to the concept of dosimetry; the capacity to dose mTSCPC treatment based on desired IOP lowering effect and risk exposure. Further prospective studies are needed to test the proposed evidence-based hypothesis.

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Introducción. Los canales iónicos reconocen y seleccionanespecíficamente el intercambio iónico.Sus alteraciones (canalopatías) representan cuadros clínicos variados, continuos o progresivos. Hemiplejía alternante: de carácter progresivo se presenta en la infancia con hipotonía menos distonía, movimientos anormales de los ojos y nistagmus. Está asociada a hemiplejía alternante y fenómenos autonómicos.Los síntomas desaparecen con el sueño. Los períodos de latencia entre crisis son variables, pero hay peoría del cuadro con la edad. Existen alteracionesfocales del flujo sanguíneo. A nivel molecular es probable una mutación del gen ATP1A2. La flunarizinay el topiramato pueden mejorar los ataques, aunque no evitan la progresión del cuadro. Migraña hemipléjica familiar: se caracteriza por trastornos visuales y sensoriales, asociados a alteraciones motoras (hemiparesia) de duración variable y cefaleas. En el 80 por ciento hay restitución a la normalidad (MHF1) y en el 20 por ciento ataxia y deficiencia neurológica (MHF2). El gen involucrado es el CACNA1A, en el cromosoma 19 p13. La frecuencia e intensidad de los ataques mejoran con acetozolamiday antidepresivos β menos bloqueantes

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción. Los canales iónicos reconocen y seleccionanespecíficamente el intercambio iónico.Sus alteraciones (canalopatías) representan cuadros clínicos variados, continuos o progresivos. Hemiplejía alternante: de carácter progresivo se presenta en la infancia con hipotonía menos distonía, movimientos anormales de los ojos y nistagmus. Está asociada a hemiplejía alternante y fenómenos autonómicos.Los síntomas desaparecen con el sueño. Los períodos de latencia entre crisis son variables, pero hay peoría del cuadro con la edad. Existen alteracionesfocales del flujo sanguíneo. A nivel molecular es probable una mutación del gen ATP1A2. La flunarizinay el topiramato pueden mejorar los ataques, aunque no evitan la progresión del cuadro. Migraña hemipléjica familiar: se caracteriza por trastornos visuales y sensoriales, asociados a alteraciones motoras (hemiparesia) de duración variable y cefaleas. En el 80 por ciento hay restitución a la normalidad (MHF1) y en el 20 por ciento ataxia y deficiencia neurológica (MHF2). El gen involucrado es el CACNA1A, en el cromosoma 19 p13. La frecuencia e intensidad de los ataques mejoran con acetozolamiday antidepresivos β menos bloqueantes (AU)

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