RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to characterize clinical factors associated with successful extubation in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. STUDY DESIGN: Using the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database, we identified infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia from 2017 to 2020 at 32 centers. The main outcome was age in days at the time of successful extubation, defined as the patient remaining extubated for 7 consecutive days. Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazards ratio equations were used to estimate associations between clinical factors and the main outcome. Observations occurred through 180 days after birth. RESULTS: There were 840 eligible neonates with a median gestational age of 38 weeks and birth weight of 3.0 kg. Among survivors (n = 693), the median age at successful extubation was 15 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 8-29 days, 95th percentile: 71 days). For nonsurvivors (n = 147), the median age at death was 21 days (IQR: 11-39 days, 95th percentile: 110 days). Center (adjusted hazards ratio: 0.22-15, P < .01), low birth weight, intrathoracic liver position, congenital heart disease, lower 5-minute Apgar score, lower pH upon admission to Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database center, and use of extracorporeal support were independently associated with older age at successful extubation. Tracheostomy was associated with multiple failed extubations. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that infants who have not successfully extubated by about 3 months of age may be candidates for tracheostomy with chronic mechanical ventilation or palliation. The variability of timing of successful extubation among our centers supports the development of practice guidelines after validating clinical criteria.
Assuntos
Hérnias Diafragmáticas Congênitas , Recém-Nascido , Criança , Lactente , Humanos , Hérnias Diafragmáticas Congênitas/terapia , Extubação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Respiração Artificial , Recém-Nascido de Baixo PesoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To describe neonatologist continuity of care and estimate the association between these transitions and selected patient outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: We linked Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database records with masked neonatologist daily schedules at 4 centers, which use 2- and 3-week and 1-month "on service" blocks to provide care. After describing the neonatologist transitions, we estimated associations between these transitions and selected short-term patient outcomes using multivariable Poisson, logistic, and linear regression analyses, independent of length of stay (LOS) and case-mix. We also completed analyses after stratifying the cohort by LOS, birthweight, age at admission categories, and selected diagnoses. RESULTS: Stratified by LOS, patient transitions varied between centers in both unadjusted (P < .001) and multivariable analyses (adjusted incidence rate ratio; 95% CI for center B = 3.98 (3.81-4.15), center C = 4.92 (4.71-5.13), center D = 4.2 (4.0-4.4), P < .001), independent of LOS, gestational age, birthweight, surgical intervention, ventilator duration, and mortality. Only central venous line duration (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.015, 95% CI 1.01-1.02) was minimally and independently associated with the number of transitions. No differences were observed in ventilator duration, oxygen use at neonatal intensive care unit discharge, bloodstream infections, or urinary tract infections. Surviving infants with meconium aspiration, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, cerebral infarction, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and diaphragmatic hernia demonstrated similar findings. CONCLUSIONS: Transitions in neonatologists are frequent in regional neonatal intensive care units but appear unrelated to short-term patient outcomes. Future work to define continuity of care and develop effective strategies that promote longitudinal inpatient management is needed.
Assuntos
Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente , Neonatologia , Transferência de Pacientes , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To predict incident bloodstream infection and urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the Children's Hospital Neonatal Database during 2010-2016. Infants with CDH admitted at 22 participating regional neonatal intensive care units were included; patients repaired or discharged to home prior to admission/referral were excluded. The primary outcome was death or the occurrence of bloodstream infection or UTI prior to discharge. Factors associated with this outcome were used to develop a multivariable equation using 80% of the cohort. Validation was performed in the remaining 20% of infants. RESULTS: Median gestation and postnatal age at referral in this cohort (n = 1085) were 38 weeks and 3.1 hours, respectively. The primary outcome occurred in 395 patients (36%); and was associated with low birth weight, low Apgar, low admission pH, renal and associated anomalies, patch repair, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (P < .001 for all; area under receiver operating curve = 0.824; goodness of fit χ2 = 0.52). After omitting death from the outcome measure, admission pH, patch repair of CDH, and duration of central line placement were significantly associated with incident bloodstream infection or UTI. CONCLUSIONS: Infants with CDH are at high risk of infection which was predicted by clinical factors. Early identification and low threshold for sepsis evaluations in high-risk infants may attenuate acquisition and the consequences of these infections.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Hérnias Diafragmáticas Congênitas/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Índice de Apgar , Cateterismo Venoso Central/estatística & dados numéricos , Anormalidades Congênitas , Bases de Dados Factuais , Uso de Medicamentos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Hérnias Diafragmáticas Congênitas/cirurgia , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Rim/anormalidades , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Telas Cirúrgicas , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of pulmonary hypertension on neonatal intensive care unit mortality and hospital readmission through 1 year of corrected age in a large multicenter cohort of infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. STUDY DESIGN: This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 1677 infants born <32 weeks of gestation with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia enrolled in the Children's Hospital Neonatal Consortium with records linked to the Pediatric Health Information System. RESULTS: Pulmonary hypertension occurred in 370 out of 1677 (22%) infants. During the neonatal admission, pulmonary hypertension was associated with mortality (OR 3.15, 95% CI 2.10-4.73, P < .001), ventilator support at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age (60% vs 40%, P < .001), duration of ventilation (72 IQR 30-124 vs 41 IQR 17-74 days, P < .001), and higher respiratory severity score (3.6 IQR 0.4-7.0 vs 0.8 IQR 0.3-3.3, P < .001). At discharge, pulmonary hypertension was associated with tracheostomy (27% vs 9%, P < .001), supplemental oxygen use (84% vs 61%, P < .001), and tube feeds (80% vs 46%, P < .001). Through 1 year of corrected age, pulmonary hypertension was associated with increased frequency of readmission (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.38, 95% CI 1.18-1.63, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension have increased morbidity and mortality through 1 year of corrected age. This highlights the need for improved diagnostic practices and prospective studies evaluating treatments for this high-risk population.