RESUMO
An intervention study was performed to evaluate the influence of a Mediterranean diet, a high fat diet, and their supplementation with red wine in moderate amounts, on biochemical, physiological, and clinical parameters related to atherosclerosis and other chronic diseases. For 3 months two groups of 21 male volunteers each, received either a Mediterranean diet or a high fat diet; during the second month, red wine was added isocalorically, 240 ml/day. Participants were kept under close medical and nutritional surveillance. At days 0, 30, 60 and 90, clinical, physiological and biochemical evaluations were made. Plasma vitamin C was significantly decreased in the high fat diet group compared to the Mediterranean diet group. After wine supplementation to the Mediterranean diet, a significant 13.5% increase in plasma vitamin C was observed. Furthermore, when wine was added vitamin E decreased significantly in plasma, 15% in the high fat diet and 26% in the Mediterranean diet. Total plasma antioxidant capacity (total antioxidant reactivity) increased 28% above basal levels in the Mediterranean diet group, but not in the high fat diet group. In both groups, wine induced a marked increase in total antioxidant reactivity above basal levels, 56% and 23%, respectively. Oxidative DNA damage, detected as 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in blood leukocyte DNA, was markedly increased by the high fat diet; however, it was strongly reduced, to approximately 50% basal values, after wine supplementation, both in the high fat diet and Mediterranean diet groups. Endothelial function, evaluated noninvasively as flow-mediated vascular reactivity of the brachial artery, was suppressed by the high fat diet, and was normal after wine supplementation. These effects are attributed to oxidative stress associated with a high fat diet, and to the elevated plasma antioxidant capacity associated with wine consumption and the Mediterranean diet. The results presented support the following conclusions: a high fat diet induces oxidative stress; a diet rich in fruits and vegetables enhances antioxidant defenses; wine supplementation to a high fat or a Mediterranean diet increases plasma antioxidant capacity, decreases oxidative DNA damage, and normalizes endothelial function.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Dieta Aterogênica , Gorduras na Dieta , Flavonoides , Fenóis/sangue , Fenóis/metabolismo , Polímeros/metabolismo , Vinho/análise , Adulto , Arteriosclerose/prevenção & controle , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/fisiologia , Humanos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , PolifenóisRESUMO
Twenty one male patients aged 35 to 70 years, with coronary artery disease and dislipidemia refractory to dietary treatment, were assigned to three parallel groups of 7 individuals each that received a supplemental dose of 2, 4 and 6 g/day of omega-3 fatty acids during 60 days. After a 30 days wash-out period and 60 of supplementation, subjects were weighed, a dietary survey was performed, serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, the lipid content of serum lipoproteins and the content of EPA+DHA in plasma phospholipids were measured. A dose dependent increase in EPA+DHA content of phospholipids and no changes in weight or nutrient intake were observed during the supplementation period. With the 6 g dose, a significant reduction in total cholesterol, with a reduction in VLDL and increase in LDL cholesterol and a decline in VLDL triglycerides was observed. With the 4 g dose a reduction in total cholesterol at the expense of VLDL and HDL cholesterol and a reduction in VLDL triglycerides but no changes in total triglycerides was observed. No changes in serum lipids were observed with 2 g dose. In patients with type IIA hyperlipidemia, a significant positive correlation was observed between DHA+EPA content of plasma phospholipids and LDL cholesterol, this correlation was not observed in patients with IIB or IV phenotypes. It is concluded that omega-3 fatty acids are ineffective as the only treatment for dislipidemias refractory to diet.