RESUMO
Objetivo:compreender a experiência de ouvir vozes que outras pessoas não ouvem entre adolescentes. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória realizada em maio de 2019 com 14 adolescentes usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto Juvenil que tem na sua história de vida a experiência de ouvir vozes, por meio de uma entrevista discursiva,com análise temática. Resultados: os conteúdos mais prevalentes das vozes foramnegativos e de comando. A forma como as vozes influenciam as/os adolescentes parece ter relação com o sentido que eles/as fornecem a essa experiência. Algumas estratégias de lida e enfrentamento estão interligadas com suas crenças religiosas e de atividades que lhes dão prazer. Conclusões: é necessário a compreensão dessa experiência a partir de abordagens que autoriza o diálogo e a escuta da experiência livre de preconceitos direcionado a condutas terapêuticas que evitem a patologização e a medicalização da vida.
Objective:to understand the experience of hearing voices which other people do not hear among adolescents. Method:this qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory research was carried out in May 2019 with 14 adolescent users of a Child and Youth Psychosocial Care Center, who have in their life history the experience of hearing voices. A discursive interview, with thematic analysis, was performed. Results:the most prevalent contents of the voices were negative and commanding. The way voices influence adolescents seem to be related to the meaning they give to this experience. Some coping strategies are intertwined with their religious beliefs and activities that give them pleasure. Conclusions:it is necessary to understand this experience from approaches that authorize dialogue and listening to the experience free of prejudices directed to therapeutic behaviors that avoid pathologizing and medicalization of life.
Objetivo: comprender la experiencia de escuchar voces que otras personas no escuchan entre adolescentes. Método:investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria realizada en mayo de 2019 con 14 adolescentes de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial Infantil y Juvenil que tienen en su historia de vida la experiencia de escuchar voces, a través de una entrevista discursiva, con análisis temático. Resultados:los contenidos más prevalentes de las voces fueron negativos y autoritarios. La forma en que las voces influyen en los adolescentes parece estar relacionada con el significado que le dan a esta experiencia. Algunas estrategias de afrontamiento están entrelazadas con sus creencias religiosas y actividades que les dan placer. Conclusiones:es necesario comprender esta experiencia desde enfoques que autoricen el diálogo y la escucha de la experiencia libre de prejuicios encaminados a conductas terapéuticas que eviten la patologización y medicalización de la vida.
Assuntos
Voz , Saúde Mental , Adolescente , Serviços de Saúde MentalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with the manifestation of Minor Psychiatric Disorders (MPD) among university students in southern Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, conducted in August and September 2020, with 464 university students. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used with a cut-off point ≥ 7, and associated factors were identified through crude and adjusted analyses using logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of MPD was 76.5%. Factors positively associated with the outcome were female gender, job loss during the pandemic, use of psychoactive substances, and difficulties in following online classes. Being in social distancing for seven months or more was negatively associated with the outcome. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of MPD among the studied sample, as well as a relationship between this outcome and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Transtornos Mentais , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Estudos Transversais , Universidades , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Estudantes/psicologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with the manifestation of Minor Psychiatric Disorders (MPD) among university students in southern Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Cross-sectional study, conducted in August and September 2020, with 464 university students. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used with a cut-off point ≥ 7, and associated factors were identified through crude and adjusted analyses using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of MPD was 76.5%. Factors positively associated with the outcome were female gender, job loss during the pandemic, use of psychoactive substances, and difficulties in following online classes. Being in social distancing for seven months or more was negatively associated with the outcome. Conclusion: High prevalence of MPD among the studied sample, as well as a relationship between this outcome and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la manifestación de trastornos psiquiátricos menores en estudiantes universitarios del sur de Brasil durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Método: Estudio realizado en 2020, con 464 alumnos vinculados a una disciplina optativa de Salud Mental. Para el resultado se utilizó el Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), con el punto de corte ≥ 7. La identificación de los factores asociados se realizó mediante regresión logística, precedida de selección de factores de confusión. Resultados: Prevalencia de trastornos psiquiátricos menores correspondiente al 76,5% entre los participantes. Factores asociados positivamente con este resultado: sexo femenino, la pérdida de empleo durante la pandemia, el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y las dificultades para seguir las clases en línea. Estar socialmente distante durante siete meses o más se asoció negativamente con el resultado. Conclusión: Alta prevalencia de malestar emocional entre la muestra, así como una relación entre este resultado y la pandemia.
RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à manifestação de Transtornos Psiquiátricos Menores (TPM) em estudantes universitários do Sul do Brasil durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2020, com 464 estudantes universitários. Foi utilizado o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) com o ponto de corte ≥ 7, e identificados os fatores associados por meio de análises brutas e ajustadas com emprego de regressão logística. Resultados: A prevalência de TPM foi de 76,5%. Os fatores positivamente associados ao desfecho foram as pessoas do sexo feminino, perda de emprego durante a pandemia, uso de substâncias psicoativas e dificuldades para acompanhar as aulas on-line. Esteve negativamente associado ao desfecho, estar em distanciamento social por período igual ou superior a sete meses. Conclusão: O estudo sugere alta prevalência de TPM entre os universitários e a relação entre esse desfecho e os desdobramentos da pandemia da COVID-19.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the psychosocial implications arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, reported in online service, from the perspective of Michel Foucault's concepts of biopower, biopolitics and governmentality. METHOD: qualitative documental research, with analysis of medical records of users assisted in a therapeutic listening chat, between April and October 2020. RESULTS: the data were organized into two themes: Governmentality in the COVID-19 pandemic and the production of psychosocial implications of anxiety and fear and Discipline and subjection in the COVID-19 pandemic: subjectivities marked by sadness and anguish. The first demonstrates that the "art of governing" in Brazil produced instabilities and uncertainties that influenced the production of fear of contamination/death/and non-access to treatment and anxiety. In the second theme, we can see how disciplinary control and biopolitical regulation are combined. In Brazil, an extremely unequal country, subjectivity and subjectivities marked by anguish, feelings of discouragement and sadness have been produced. CONCLUSION: the exclusionary processes were deepened in the pandemic, with the exercise of a biopolitics that makes life precarious and produces psychological distress.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Ansiedade , Emoções , Governo , HumanosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of and factors associated with: (1) major depressive episodes; (2) minor psychiatric disorders (MPDs); and (3) suicidal ideation among nursing professionals from a municipality in southern Brazil. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited 890 nursing professionals linked to 50 Primary Care units, 2 walk-in clinics, 2 hospital services, 1 emergency room service, 1 mobile emergency care service, and 1 teleconsultation service, in addition to the municipal epidemiological surveillance service and the vacancy regulation center between June and July 2020. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire to evaluate the studied outcomes. Associations between the outcomes and variables related to sociodemographic profile, work, health conditions, and daily life were explored using Poisson regression models with robust variance estimators. RESULTS: The observed prevalence of depression, MPDs, and suicidal ideation were 36.6%, 44%, and 7.4%, respectively. MPDs were associated with the assessment of support received by the service as 'regular' (PR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.19-1.85) or 'poor' (PR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.23-1.94), with a reported moderate (PR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.29-2.07), or heavy (PR: 2.54; 95% CI: 2.05-3.15) workload, and with suspected COVID-19 infection (PR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.25-1.66). Major depressive episodes were associated with a reported lack of personal protective equipment (PR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.42), whereas suicidal ideation was inversely related to per capita income > 3 minimum monthly wages (PR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.11-0.68), and positively related to the use of psychotropic drugs (PR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.87-5.26). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that nursing professionals' working conditions are associated with their mental health status. The need to improve working conditions through adequate dimensioning, support and proper biosafety measures is only heightened in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Humanos , Saúde Mental , PandemiasRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: Identify users, services, and reasons for seeking online mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study, with documentary analysis of medical records of users served between April and July 2020. Results: Of the 258 accesses, 159 were complete, and 99 were offline messages. Although there were 61 (38.36%) consultations in May, in April, there were 49 (30.82%) in 18 days of reception. More than 89% of accesses were women between 40 and 59 years. Among the motivations in the search for care, anxiety, fear, depression, sadness, crying, stress, and suicidal ideation stand out. Final considerations: Chat is a quick, early and short-wait intervention opportunity for people in need of mental health care. Therefore, the study emphasizes the importance of investing in the training of nursing professionals to act in mental health.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar usuarios, atenciones y motivaciones para búsqueda de atención online en salud mental durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, con análisis documental de prontuarios de usuarios atendidos entre abril y julio de 2020. Resultados: De los 258 accesos, 159 fueron efectuados, y 99 fueron mensajes desconectadas. Aunque el mes de mayo presentó 61 (38,36%) atenciones, en abril ocurrieron 49 (30,82%) en 18 días de recepción. Más de 89% de los accesos fueron de mujeres, entre 40 y 59 años. De las motivaciones en la búsqueda por atención, destacan la ansiedad, miedo, depresión, tristeza, lloro, estrés e ideación suicida. Consideraciones finales: El chat es una oportunidad de intervención rápida, precoz y con corto tiempo de espera para las personas que necesitan de cuidado en salud mental. Así, se resalta la importancia de invertir en la formación de profesionales de enfermería para la actuación en la salud mental.
RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar os usuários, os atendimentos e as motivações para busca de atendimento online em saúde mental durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, com análise documental de prontuários de usuários atendidos entre abril e julho de 2020. Resultados: Dos 258 acessos, 159 foram efetivados, e 99 foram mensagens off-line. Apesarde o mês de maio apresentar 61 (38,36%) atendimentos, em abril ocorreram 49 (30,82%) em 18 dias de acolhimento. Mais de 89% dos acessos foram de mulheres, entre 40 e 59 anos. Dasmotivações na busca por atendimento, destacam-se a ansiedade, medo, depressão, tristeza, choro, estresse e ideação suicida. Considerações finais: O chat é uma oportunidade de intervenção rápida, precoce e com curto tempo de espera para as pessoas que necessitam de cuidado em saúde mental. Portanto, ressalta-se a importância de se investir na formação de profissionais de enfermagem para a atuação na saúde mental.
RESUMO
Abstract Objective: to analyze the psychosocial implications arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, reported in online service, from the perspective of Michel Foucault's concepts of biopower, biopolitics and governmentality. Method: qualitative documental research, with analysis of medical records of users assisted in a therapeutic listening chat, between April and October 2020. Results: the data were organized into two themes: Governmentality in the COVID-19 pandemic and the production of psychosocial implications of anxiety and fear and Discipline and subjection in the COVID-19 pandemic: subjectivities marked by sadness and anguish. The first demonstrates that the "art of governing" in Brazil produced instabilities and uncertainties that influenced the production of fear of contamination/death/and non-access to treatment and anxiety. In the second theme, we can see how disciplinary control and biopolitical regulation are combined. In Brazil, an extremely unequal country, subjectivity and subjectivities marked by anguish, feelings of discouragement and sadness have been produced. Conclusion: the exclusionary processes were deepened in the pandemic, with the exercise of a biopolitics that makes life precarious and produces psychological distress.
RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las implicaciones psicosociales derivadas de la pandemia de la COVID-19, relatadas en el servicio online, desde la perspectiva de los conceptos de biopoder, biopolítica y gubernamentalidad de Michel Foucault. Método: investigación documental cualitativa, con análisis de prontuarios de usuarios atendidos en chat de escucha terapéutica, entre abril y octubre de 2020. Resultados: los datos fueron organizados en dos temas: Gubernamentalidad en la pandemia de la COVID-19 y la producción de implicaciones psicosociales de la ansiedad y el miedo y Disciplinas y sujeciones en la pandemia de la COVID-19: subjetividades marcadas por la tristeza y la angustia. El primero demuestra que el "arte de gobernar" en Brasil produjo inestabilidades e incertidumbres que influyeron en la producción de miedo a la contaminación/muerte/y no acceso al tratamiento y ansiedad. En el segundo tema, podemos ver cómo se combinan el control disciplinario y la regulación biopolítica. En Brasil, país sumamente desigual, se han producido subjetividades y subjetividades marcadas por la angustia, sentimientos de desánimo y tristeza. Conclusión: los procesos de exclusión se profundizaron en la pandemia, con el ejercicio de una biopolítica que precariza la vida y produce sufrimiento psíquico.
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as implicações psicossociais decorrentes da pandemia da COVID-19, relatadas em atendimento online, pela ótica dos conceitos de biopoder, biopolítica e de governamentalidade de Michel Foucault. Método: pesquisa qualitativa do tipo documental, com a análise dos registros de prontuários de usuários atendidos em um chat de escuta terapêutica, entre abril e outubro de 2020. Resultados: os dados foram organizados em duas temáticas: Governamentalidade na pandemia de COVID-19 e a produção de implicações psicossociais de ansiedade e medo e Disciplinarizações e sujeições na pandemia de COVID-19: subjetividades marcadas pela tristeza e angústia. A primeira demonstra que a "arte de governar" no Brasil produziu instabilidades e incertezas que influenciaram na produção do medo da contaminação/morte/e não acesso ao tratamento e ansiedade. Na segunda temática, percebe-se como o controle disciplinar e a regulamentação biopolítica se combinam. No Brasil, um país extremamente desigual, tem-se produzido sujeição e subjetividades marcadas pela angústia, sentimentos de desânimo e tristeza. Conclusão: os processos excludentes foram aprofundados na pandemia, com exercício de uma biopolítica que precariza a vida e produz sofrimento psíquico.
Assuntos
Saúde Mental , COVID-19 , Consulta RemotaRESUMO
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence of and factors associated with: (1) major depressive episodes; (2) minor psychiatric disorders (MPDs); and (3) suicidal ideation among nursing professionals from a municipality in southern Brazil. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited 890 nursing professionals linked to 50 Primary Care units, 2 walk-in clinics, 2 hospital services, 1 emergency room service, 1 mobile emergency care service, and 1 teleconsultation service, in addition to the municipal epidemiological surveillance service and the vacancy regulation center between June and July 2020. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire to evaluate the studied outcomes. Associations between the outcomes and variables related to sociodemographic profile, work, health conditions, and daily life were explored using Poisson regression models with robust variance estimators. RESULTS The observed prevalence of depression, MPDs, and suicidal ideation were 36.6%, 44%, and 7.4%, respectively. MPDs were associated with the assessment of support received by the service as 'regular' (PR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.19-1.85) or 'poor' (PR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.23-1.94), with a reported moderate (PR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.29-2.07), or heavy (PR: 2.54; 95% CI: 2.05-3.15) workload, and with suspected COVID-19 infection (PR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.25-1.66). Major depressive episodes were associated with a reported lack of personal protective equipment (PR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.42), whereas suicidal ideation was inversely related to per capita income > 3 minimum monthly wages (PR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.11-0.68), and positively related to the use of psychotropic drugs (PR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.87-5.26). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that nursing professionals' working conditions are associated with their mental health status. The need to improve working conditions through adequate dimensioning, support and proper biosafety measures is only heightened in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assuntos
Humanos , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Saúde Mental , Estudos Transversais , PandemiasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Identify users, services, and reasons for seeking online mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective study, with documentary analysis of medical records of users served between April and July 2020. RESULTS: Of the 258 accesses, 159 were complete, and 99 were offline messages. Although there were 61 (38.36%) consultations in May, in April, there were 49 (30.82%) in 18 days of reception. More than 89% of accesses were women between 40 and 59 years. Among the motivations in the search for care, anxiety, fear, depression, sadness, crying, stress, and suicidal ideation stand out. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Chat is a quick, early and short-wait intervention opportunity for people in need of mental health care. Therefore, the study emphasizes the importance of investing in the training of nursing professionals to act in mental health.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Ansiedade , Depressão , Feminino , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Objetivo: analisar a política pública de saúde mental brasileira à luz do pensamento de Franco Basaglia. Método: estudo qualitativo, que utiliza análise documental de relatórios das conferências nacionais de saúde mental, da legislação brasileira relacionada à saúde e das principais portarias relativas à área de saúde mental até 2019. Resultados: o pensamento de Basaglia acerca da extinção dos manicômios e da criação de novos serviços territoriais de cuidado de saúde mental foram estímulos importantes na construção política e na organização dos serviços territoriais, substitutivos ao manicômio, no Brasil. Neste período, a reforma psiquiátrica brasileira tem enfrentado desafios, mas também tem produzido importantes avanços na implantação de uma ampla rede de serviços territoriais, apesar de ainda não ter extinguido os manicômios. Conclusões:a análise permitiu reafirmar os pontos de força alcançados até aqui, bem como avançar na crítica e no redimensionamento de horizontes da política de saúde mental brasileira.(AU)
Objective: to analyze Brazilian public policy in the light of Franco Basaglia's thinking. Method: qualitative study, which uses documentary analysis of reports from national mental health conferences, Brazilian legislation related to health and the main ordinances related to the mental health area until 2019. Results: Basaglia's thought about the extinction of asylums and the creation of new territorial mental health care services, were important stimuli in the political construction and organization of territorial services, replacing the asylum, in Brazil. During this period, the Brazilian psychiatric reform has faced challenges, but it has also produced important advances in the implantation of a wide network of territorial services, although it has not yet extinguished asylums. Conclusions: based on the analysis, it was possible to reaffirm the strength points reached so far, as well as to advance in the criticism and in the resizing of horizons of the Brazilian mental health policy.(AU)
Objetivo: analizar la política pública brasileña a la luz del pensamiento de Franco Basaglia. Método: estudio cualitativo, con análisis documental de informes de congresos nacionales de salud mental, legislación brasileña y las principales ordenanzas relacionadas con el área de salud mental hasta 2019. Resultados: pensamiento de Basaglia sobre la extinción de los asilos y la creación de nuevos servicios territoriales de salud mental, fueron estímulos importantes en la construcción política y organización de los servicios territoriales, en sustitución del asilo, en Brasil. Durante este período, la reforma psiquiátrica brasileña ha enfrentado desafíos, pero también ha producido importantes avances en la implantación de una amplia red de servicios territoriales, aunque aún no ha extinguido los asilos. Conclusiones: a partir del análisis, fue posible reafirmar los puntos de fuerza alcanzados hasta el momento, así como avanzar en la crítica y en el redimensionamiento de horizontes de la política brasileña de salud mental.(AU)