RESUMO
Government transparency and openness are key factors to bring forth the modernization of the state. The combination of transparency and digital information has given rise to the concept of Open Government, that increases citizen understanding and monitoring of government actions, which in turn improves the quality of public services and of the government decision making process. With the goal of improving legislative transparency and the understanding of the Brazilian regulatory process and its characteristics, this paper introduces RegBR, the first national framework to centralize, classify and analyze regulations from the Brazilian government. A centralized database of Brazilian federal legislation built from automated ETL routines and processed with data mining and machine learning techniques was created. Our framework evaluates different NLP models in a text classification task on our novel Portuguese legal corpus and performs regulatory analysis based on metrics that concern linguistic complexity, restrictiveness, law interest, and industry-specific citation relevance. Our results were examined over time and validated by correlating them with known episodes of regulatory changes in Brazilian history, such as the implementation of new economic plans or the emergence of an energy crisis. Methods and metrics proposed by this framework can be used by policy makers to measure their own work and serve as inputs for future studies that could analyze government changes and their relationship with federal regulations.
Assuntos
Indústria Farmacêutica , Governo , BrasilRESUMO
Acid mine drainage (AMD) has been identified as the main cause for outflow of acid water and radioactive/non-radioactive contaminants. AMD encompasses pyrites oxidation when water and oxygen are available. AMD was identified in uranium waste rock piles (WRPs) of Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil-Caldas facility (Brazilian uranium mine), resulting in high costs for water treatment. AMD reduction is the main challenge, and scientific investigation has been conducted to understand oxygen and water transportation within WRPs, where 222Rn is used as natural tracer for oxygen transportation. The study consists of soil radon gas mapping in the top layer of WRP4 using active soil gas pumping, radon adsorption in active charcoal and 222Rn determination using high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. A sampling network of 71 points was built where samples were collected at a depth of 40 cm. Soil radon gas concentration ranged from 33.7 to 1484.2 kBq m(-3) with mean concentration of 320.7±263.3 kBq m(-3).
Assuntos
Gases/química , Monitoramento de Radiação , Traçadores Radioativos , Radônio/análise , Poluentes Radioativos do Solo/análise , Urânio/análise , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Ferro/química , Mineração , Espectrometria gamaRESUMO
The effect of Dehydroleucodine (DhL) on gastric acid secretion in rats was investigated at a dose of 40 mg/kg, while its anti-inflammatory effect was investigated in two experimental models: arthritis induced by Freund's adjuvant carrageenan- and cotton pellet-induced granuloma. DhL did not inhibit gastric acid secretion, suggesting that its anti-ulcerogenic effect can be attributed to its action on the mucosa defense factors. On the other hand, DhL inhibited both chronic and acute adjuvant carrageenan-induced inflammation phases, being most effective in the chronic phase. In the granuloma test, DhL also inhibited inflammation. It is suggested that the anti-inflammatory activity of DhL may be attributed to interference with multiple targets on the level of transcription factors, such as NF-kappaB, and cytokines.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Artemisia/química , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Lactonas/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/isolamento & purificação , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Here, we prove that dehydroleucodine, a sesquiterpene lactone, at low concentrations (25-100 microM) slowed down the Allium cepa L root growth by 22-70
respectively neither affecting cell viability nor cell size. Removal of the drug after 24 h incubation restored the normal growth rate of the roots. Higher concentrations (200 microM) of dehydroleucodine were deleterious for the roots. As cell size did not change, it is most likely that dehydroleucodine affected some event of cell division cycle making it longer. Thus, dehydroleucodine could be a useful tool to slow down cell proliferation.
RESUMO
The charge (relative concentration) of antioxidants in aqueous extract and dehydroleucodine (DhL) from Artemisia douglasiana Besser was determined employing a procedure based on the quenching of luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. Total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) and total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) values were determined. The data reported in the present work indicate that the extract of Artemisia douglasiana Besser and DhL showed antioxidant capacity. This activity is more pronounced in the extract, suggesting the presence of several antioxidants in Artemisia douglasiana.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Artemisia , Lactonas/química , Plantas Medicinais , Sesquiterpenos/química , Humanos , Medições Luminescentes , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
The gastric cytoprotective activity of several molecules containing an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl system is reported. We attributed this gastroprotective activity to the presence of a non-hindered Michael acceptor in the molecules assayed and suggested that the mechanism of protection would involve, at least in part, a nucleophilic attack of the sulphydryl group of the gastric mucosa to the beta carbon of the Michael acceptors of the compounds assayed.
Assuntos
4-Butirolactona/análogos & derivados , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Ciclopentanos/uso terapêutico , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , 4-Butirolactona/química , 4-Butirolactona/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antiulcerosos/química , Ciclopentanos/química , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Substâncias Protetoras/química , Substâncias Protetoras/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Here, we report an inhibitory effect of a sesquiterpene lactone dehydroleucodine (DhL) on the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi in culture. At concentrations of the drug between 5 and 10 microg/ml in the medium,the parasites remained alive for at least 4 days. Higher concentrations of DhL were lethal for the parasites within a few hours. The effect of DhL is irreversible. Morphological changes induced by DhL were also observed in the parasites. The effect of DhL was blocked by the presence of reducing substrates such as glutathione or dithiothreitol, but these agents were not able to reverse the effect of DhL if added 2 days after the start of drug exposure.
Assuntos
Lactonas/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Artemisia/química , Meios de Cultura , Lactonas/química , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Microscopia Eletrônica , Plantas Medicinais , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Trypanosoma cruzi/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultraestruturaRESUMO
The total production of the sesquiterpene tessaric acid (TA) by cell cultures of Tessaria absinthioides at day 25 of the culture period reached 0.086 mg g-1 DW, with intracellular accumulation accounting for 0.059 mg g-1 DW. Dimethylsulfoxide-induced permeabilization of the cells effected both total production and extracellular accumulation of the sesquiterpene to reach levels of 148% and 271%, respectively. Cultures treated with elicitor preparations of Verticillum sp., Monodyctis cataneae, Acremonium sp., and Aspergillus niger produced TA at levels of 281%, 197%, 149%, and 139%, respectively. Treatment of cell suspension cultures with cis-(-)-jasmonic acid (5 µM) increased production to 267%, whereas jasmonic acid pretreatment and subsequent elicitation raised external tessaric acid to 702%.
RESUMO
Dehydroleucodine (DhL), a sesquiterpene lactone (SQL) of the guaianolide type isolated from Artemisia douglasiana Besser, shows a pharmacological cytoprotective effect and significantly prevents the formation of gastric and duodenal lesions induced by various necrotising agents in rodents. The effects of DhL, on two models of experimental colitis were examined. Colitis was produced in male Wistar rats by rectal instillation of 5 and 10% acetic acid, following the methods of Eliakim et al. and Le Duc et al., respectively. In mice colitis was produced by rectal instillation of 0.1 ml of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (5 mg in 50% ethanol) (TNB) as previously described by Chin et al. In this study, the administration of DhL 40 mg kg(-1)(1 h before the induction of colitis) significantly decreased mucosal damage. This effect was consistent in both models. The protection provided by DhL was accompanied by significant decreases in diarrhoea and colon weight; and histologically normal mucosa without ulceration and mucus production were observed. This study shows that both TNB and acetic acid colitis can be pharmacologically controlled by DhL. Our results suggest that the protective activity of DhL in experimental colitis is mediated, at least in part, through the increase of glycoprotein synthesis, anti-inflammatory effect and inhibition of COX-2 induction, and by inhibiting the degranulation of cells containing monoamines.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactonas/uso terapêutico , Sesquiterpenos/uso terapêutico , Ácido Acético , Animais , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colo/patologia , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Irritantes , Masculino , Camundongos , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Ácido TrinitrobenzenossulfônicoRESUMO
The antiinflammatory activities of 30 flavonoids isolated from several plants of the Compositae family were investigated using carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema and cotton pellet-induced rat granuloma. Compounds were administered with a unique dose of 75 mg/kg i.p. in the acute test with carrageenan and 25 mg/kg/day in the chronic granuloma test. Flavonoids inhibit the development of the induced granuloma, mostly when a catechol or guaiacol-like B ring is contained in the compound structure, jaceosidin being the most active flavonoid screened. Flavonoids significantly inhibited the maximum edema response in the acute test. We conclude that several of the isolated flavonoids tested here showed antiinflammatory effects, depending on the experimental model used.