RESUMO
Infection by Toxoplasma gondii may compromise the intestinal histoarchitecture through the tissue reaction triggered by the parasite. Thus, this study evaluated whether treatment with rosuvastatin modifies duodenal changes caused by the chronic infection induced by cysts of T. gondii. For this, female Swiss mice were distributed into infected and treated group (ITG), infected group (IG), group treated with 40 mg/kg rosuvastatin (TG) and control group (CG). After 72 days of infection, the animals were euthanized, the duodenum was collected and processed for histopathological analysis. We observed an increase in immune cell infiltration in the IG, TG and ITG groups, with injury to the Brunner glands. The infection led to a reduction in collagen fibers and mast cells. Infected and treated animals showed an increase in collagen fibers, acidic mucin-producing goblet cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes and mast cells, in addition to the reduction of muscle, neutral mucin-producing and Paneth cells. While treatment with rosuvastatin alone led to increased muscle layer, proportion of neutral mucin-producing goblet cells, Paneth cells, and reduction of collagen fibers. These findings indicate that the infection and treatment caused changes in the homeostasis of the intestinal wall and treatment with rosuvastatin potentiated most parameters indicative of inflammation.
Assuntos
Toxoplasma , Feminino , Animais , Camundongos , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/farmacologia , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/uso terapêutico , Duodeno , Mucinas , ColágenoRESUMO
Infection by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy demands greater attention from the health authorities due to the risk of placental transmission, which can have devastating consequences to the foetus and newborn. This study was conducted in a high-risk prenatal care outpatient clinic of a university teaching hospital. Pregnant women screened for specific IgM and IgG anti -T. gondii, attended from January 2009 to August 2018 were included. From 530 suspected patients, 218 were followed up and they presented positive IgM and IgG anti- T. gondii. From these patients, 83 (38.0%) had low IgG avidity, 39 (18%) seroconverted in the second or third trimester of pregnancy, 19 (8.7%) had no avidity test, 69 (31.6%) had high IgG avidity after 16 weeks of gestation, five had recurrent chorioretinitis (2.2%) and three (1.3%) were seropositive to HIV. Complementary diagnoses were made in 30/48 (62.5%) of the patients revealing the presence of specific IgA antibodies raised to T. gondii; 3/63 (4.8%) peripheral blood samples and 1/57 (1.8%) amniotic fluid sample. There were eight foetal deaths, one case of neonatal hepatomegaly and one case of T. gondii DNA detected in a peripheral blood sample. Of the 139 newborn deliveries at the teaching hospital, there was a 38% loss of follow-up. The prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis was 1.2 cases/1,000 live births in this study area, according to the retrospective survey of cases. Prenatal treatment may have helped to reduce the risk of vertical transmission.
Assuntos
Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Toxoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Toxoplasmose/diagnóstico , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Brasil , Feminino , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Estudos Prospectivos , Toxoplasma/genética , Toxoplasmose/sangue , Toxoplasmose/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), found on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells, play a key role in controlling the innate response. Such response depends on a series of cellular interactions between these receptors and HLA activating/inhibiting ligands. Atopic diseases have been associated with genes that regulate cytokine production and HLA genes, which may either protect or predispose to hypersensitivity. OBJECTIVE: To verify an association study of KIR genes with sensitization to the following mites: Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and Blomia tropicalis. METHODS: A total of 341 children aged up to 14â¯years, were classified as mite-sensitive or mite-insensitive after undergoing a skin prick test for immediate allergic reactions. The presence/absence of KIR genes and their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands was determined by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO) with the commercial kit LabType™ using Luminex™. RESULTS: The frequencies of KIR genes and their respective class I HLA ligands and the frequency of haplotypes were performed in sensitive and insensitive individuals, and no significant differences were found. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest no influence of KIR genes on resistance/susceptibility to sensitization to dust mites.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade/genética , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Receptores KIR/genética , Adolescente , Animais , Antígenos de Dermatophagoides/imunologia , Brasil , Criança , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Antígenos HLA/genética , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/diagnóstico , Imunidade Inata/genética , Imunização , Masculino , Polimorfismo Genético , Pyroglyphidae , Testes CutâneosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Type I hypersensitivity, also known as IgE-mediated allergy, is a complex, multifactorial condition whose onset and severity are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Mite allergens stimulate the production of humoral response (IgE), especially in children, which is closely involved in atopic asthma and rhinitis. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between HLA class I (-A, -B, and -C), and HLA class II (-DRB1) genes in individuals sensitive to dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, or Blomia tropicalis) and mite-insensitive controls. METHODS: 396 participants were grouped as mite-sensitive and mite-insensitive according to immediate hypersensitivity as determined by skin-prick tests, and to HLA genotyping by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO). RESULTS: After chi-square heterogeneity testing no significant differences were observed in HLA-A, B, and C genes, except for the HLA-DRB1 locus, which, showed a negative association for DRB1∗04, between mite-sensitive and mite-insensitive individuals. In high resolution, DRB1∗04:11 allele was significantly different from all other results (P=0.0042, OR=0.26, and 95%CI=0.09-0.70). The analysis stratified by etiologic agent confirmed these associations. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a possible association between HLA-DRB1 genes and hypersensitivity to dust mites.
Assuntos
Asma/genética , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Hipersensibilidade/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Antígenos de Dermatophagoides/efeitos adversos , Antígenos de Dermatophagoides/imunologia , Asma/etiologia , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/complicações , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo Genético , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Allergic reaction to dust mites is a relatively common condition among children, triggering cutaneous and respiratory responses that have a great impact on the health of this population. Anaphylactic hypersensitivity is characterized by an exacerbated response involving the production of regulatory cytokines responsible for stimulating the production of IgE antibodies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate an association of variants in cytokine genes (IL1A-889, IL1B-511, +3962, IL1R1970, IL1RA11100, IL4RA+1902, IL12-1188, IFNG+874, TGFB1 codon 10, codon 25, TNFA-308, -238, IL2-330, +166, IL4-1098, -590, -33, IL6-174, nt565, and IL10-1082, -819, -592) between patients sensitive to dust mites and a control group. METHODS: A total of 254 patients were grouped as atopic and non-atopic according to sensitivity as evaluated by the Prick Test and to cytokine genotyping by the polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) method using the Cytokine Genotyping Kit. RESULTS: A comparison between individuals allergic to Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and Blomia tropicalis and a non-atopic control group showed significant differences between allele and genotype frequencies in the regulatory regions of cytokine genes, with important evidence for IL4-590 in T/C (10.2% vs. 43.1%, odd ratio [OR]â= 0.15, p = 5.2 10-8, pc = 0.0000011, and 95% confidence interval [95%CI]â= 0.07-0.32) and T/T genotypes (42.9% vs. 13.8%, OR = 4.69, p = 2.5 10-6, pc = 0.000055, and 95%CI = 2.42-9.09). Other associations were observed in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1A-889 (T/T, C, and T) and IL2-330 (G/T and T/T) and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL4RA+1902 (A and G), IL4-590 (T/C, T/T, C, and T), and IL10-592 (A/A, C/A, A, and C). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a possible association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine genes and hypersensitivity to dust mites.
Assuntos
Citocinas/genética , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Alérgenos/imunologia , Animais , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Testes CutâneosRESUMO
Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis that represents a serious public health problem, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which affects 20-90% of the world human population [1,2]. It is a serious problem especially when considering the congenital transmission due to congenital sequels. Treatment with highly diluted substances is one of the alternative/complementary medicines most employed in the world [3,4]. The current ethical rules regarding the number of animals used in animal experimental protocols with the use of more conservative statistical methods [5] can not enhance the biological effects of highly diluted substances observed by the experience of the researcher.}Conclusion: Bootstrap seems to be an interesting methodology for the analysis of data obtained from experiments with highly diluted substances. Experiments involving highly diluted substances and infection of mice with T. gondii should be better work with experimental groups using 17 animals at least.(AU)
Introdução: A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii, que atinge de 20-90% da população humana mundial [1,2] sendo um sério problema de saúde pública, sobretudo ao se considerar a transmissão congênita com suas conseqüências e seqüelas. O tratamento com substâncias ultradiluídas é uma das práticas alternativas / complementares mais empregadas no mundo [3,4]. As regras éticas atuais quanto ao número de animais utilizados nos protocolos de experimentação animal juntamente com o uso de métodos estatísticos mais conservadores [5] não conseguem valorizar efeitos biológicos de substâncias ultra-diluídas percebidos pela experiência do pesquisador.Conclusão: O Bootstrap mostrou ser uma metodologia interessante para a análise de dados derivados de experimentos com substâncias ultra-diluídas. Experimentos envolvendo substâncias ultra-diluídas e a infecção de camundongos pelo T. gondii deveriam trabalhar com grupos experimentais utilizando, no mínimo, 17 animais.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Toxoplasma , BioterápicosRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to test the effectiveness of a sausage-casing membrane for dialysis of Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens (TES). The protein concentrated by the tested membrane was compared with that obtained using a Sigma commercial membrane, as were the protein fractions found by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Standard positive and negative serum samples were evaluated in an ELISA immunoassay, and equivalent data were obtained in all steps, indicating that the sausage-casing membrane is efficient, besides being less expensive to process.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar a eficácia de uma membrana utilizada para o preparo de embutidos, na obtenção do antígeno de excreção e secreção de Toxocara (TES). A concentração protéica foi comparada com a obtida com a membrana Sigma tanto quanto as frações protéicas separadas por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. Amostras de soros padrão positivo e negativo foram avaliadas no teste imunoenzimático ELISA. Dados equivalentes foram observados em todas as etapas, sugerindo que a membrana possa ser utilizada para diálise por ser eficiente e de menor custo no preparo do antígeno.
Assuntos
Parasitologia/análise , Parasitologia/métodos , /métodos , Toxocara/enzimologia , Toxocara/imunologia , Filtros de Membrana/análise , Microdiálise/métodos , MicrodiáliseRESUMO
Paraná em acompanhar adequadamente gestantes com suspeita de toxoplasmose aguda, como observado nestes relatos, com um caso de toxoplasmose congênita e outro de reagudização ocular severa. Descrição dos casos: no primeiro caso, a gestante apresentou IgM, IgG e IgA Toxoplasma gondii-específicas reagentes e líquido amniótico com pesquisa de DNA e inoculação em camundongos positivas para Toxoplasma gondii. Houve acometimento fetal, com achados ultrassonográficos de placentomegalia e calcificações cerebrais. O recém-nascido apresentou a tétrade de Sabin. No outro caso, uma gestante imunocompetente, IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii reagente e IgM não reagente, apresentou reagudização ocular grave. Ambas procuraram o serviço de saúde no primeiro trimestre de gestação, mas os encaminhamentos ocorreram entre 20 e 32 semanas de gestação. Conclusões: a falta de agilidade e de conhecimento entre os vários níveis de assistência no controle da toxoplasmose gestacional retardaram a tomada de decisão por parte dos profissionais de saúde. A ocorrência desses casos de toxoplasmose em gestantes evidencia a importância de integração vertical e aplicação de medidas que possam proporcionar a formação de uma rede de controle ágil e com infra-estrutura adequada para sua gestão.
Aims: To highlight the difficulty of the various services that comprise the public health system from the Northwest of Paraná in the monitoring of pregnant women with suspected toxoplasmosis, as observed in the present reports, one of a case of congenital toxoplasmosis and the other of severe ocular reagudization. Cases description: In the first case, the pregnant women had positive serum Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgM, IgG and IgA, and PCR and inoculation in mice positive for Toxoplasma gondii in amniotic fluid. The fetus had ultrasound findings of placentomegalia and cerebral calcifications, and the newborn presented the Sabin tetrad. In the other case, an immunocompetent pregnant woman, with positive Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG and negative IgM from serum, presented with severe ocular reagudization. Both patients sought the health service in the first trimester of pregnancy, but the referrals occurred between 20 and 32 weeks of gestation. Conclusions: The lack of agility and knowledge between the various levels of assistance in the control of gestational toxoplasmosis delayed a decision on the part of health professionals. The occurrence of toxoplasmosis in these pregnant women highlights the importance of vertical integration and of implementing strategies that can provide the development of a network of control and adequate management.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmose Congênita/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmose Congênita , Toxoplasmose OcularRESUMO
The etiology of the diarrheic process in AIDS may be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa or helminths, as well as HIV itself. This study evaluated enteropathogens relating to diarrhea in HIV patients who were on antiretroviral therapy. The parasitological methods used were Faust, Hoffmann and Kinyoun. Isolation and culturing of fungi were carried out in accordance with the methodology recommended by the NCCLS M27-A standard. The yeast species were identified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bacteria were isolated on MacConkey and SS agar and the species were identified using Enterokit B (Probac do Brasil) and biochemical methods. Forty-nine patients were evaluated: 44.89% presented enteroparasites and 48.1% presented Candida sp, of which 61.5% were Candida albicans, 7.6% were Candida sp and 30.7% were Candida non-albicans. Bacteria were isolated from 72% of the patients, of which 49% were Escherichia coli, 13% Salmonella parathyphi, Klebsiella sp or Proteus and 6% Citrobacter freundii or Yersinia sp. There was high prevalence of Candida sp in HIV patients with diarrhea and non-albicans species were isolated. Their presence could be taken to mean that they were accomplices in or causes of the infection.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS , Diarreia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/parasitologia , Adulto , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Diarreia/microbiologia , Diarreia/parasitologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A etiologia do processo diarréico na AIDS pode ser causada por vírus, bactérias, fungos, protozoários e helmintos, assim como pelo próprio HIV. Este trabalho avaliou enteropatogenos relacionados à diarréia em pacientes HIV que fazem uso de terapia anti-retroviral. Os métodos parasitológicos utilizados foram Faust, Hoffmann e Kinyoun. O isolamento e cultura dos fungos foram realizados conforme metodologia recomendada por NCCLS M27-A standard. A identificação das espécies de leveduras foi realizada através da reação em cadeia da polimerase. O isolamento de bactérias, foi feito em agar Mac Conkey e agar SS, a identificação das espécies através do Enterokit B (Probac do Brasil) e métodos bioquímicos. Foram avaliados 49 pacientes, 44,9 por cento apresentaram enteroparasitas, 48,1 por cento Candida sp com 61,5 por cento Candida albicans, 7,6 por cento Candida sp e 30,7 por cento Candida não- albicans. Foram isoladas bactérias de 72 por cento dos pacientes, 49 por cento Escherichia coli, 13 por cento Salmonella parathyphi, Klebsiella sp ou Proteus e 6 por cento Citrobacter freundii ou Yersinia sp. Houve alta prevalência de Candida sp nos pacientes HIV com diarréia e foram isoladas espécies não albicans cuja presença pode ser entendida como cúmplice ou causa da infecção.
The etiology of the diarrheic process in AIDS may be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa or helminths, as well as HIV itself. This study evaluated enteropathogens relating to diarrhea in HIV patients who were on antiretroviral therapy. The parasitological methods used were Faust, Hoffmann and Kinyoun. Isolation and culturing of fungi were carried out in accordance with the methodology recommended by the NCCLS M27-A standard. The yeast species were identified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bacteria were isolated on MacConkey and SS agar and the species were identified using Enterokit B (Probac do Brasil) and biochemical methods. Forty-nine patients were evaluated: 44.89 percent presented enteroparasites and 48.1 percent presented Candida sp, of which 61.5 percent were Candida albicans, 7.6 percent were Candida sp and 30.7 percent were Candida non-albicans. Bacteria were isolated from 72 percent of the patients, of which 49 percent were Escherichia coli, 13 percent Salmonella parathyphi, Klebsiella sp or Proteus and 6 percent Citrobacter freundii or Yersinia sp. There was high prevalence of Candida sp in HIV patients with diarrhea and non-albicans species were isolated. Their presence could be taken to mean that they were accomplices in or causes of the infection.