RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of soybean cultivars by adopting phenotypic traits and enzymatic markers, the relative contribution of agronomic traits to diversity, as well as diversity between the level of technology used in soybean cultivars and genetic breeding programs in which cultivars were inserted. The experiments were conducted on the field at the Center for Scientific and Technological Development in crop-livestock production and the Electrophoresis Laboratory of Lavras Federal University. The agronomic traits adopted were grain yield, plant height, first legume insertion, plant lodging, the mass of one thousand seeds, and days for complete maturation, in which the Euclidean distance, grouped by Tocher and UPGMA criteria, was obtained. After electrophorese gels for enzymatic systems, dehydrogenase alcohol, esterase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase were performed. The genetic similarity estimative was also obtained between genotypes by the Jaccard coefficient with subsequent grouping by the UPGMA method. The formation of two groups was shown using phenotypic characters in the genetic diversity study and individually discriminating the cultivar 97R73 RR. The character with the greatest contribution to the genetic divergence was grain yield with contribution higher than 90.0%. To obtain six different groups, individually discriminating the cultivars CG 8166 RR, FPS Jupiter RR, and BRS MG 780 RR, enzymatic markers were used. Cultivars carrying the RR technology presented more divergence than conventional cultivars and IPRO cultivars.
Assuntos
Genótipo , Glycine max/genética , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo Genético , Álcool Desidrogenase/genética , Álcool Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Esterases/genética , Esterases/metabolismo , Peroxidase/genética , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Melhoramento Vegetal/métodos , Melhoramento Vegetal/normas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Glycine max/enzimologia , Glycine max/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
Estimating genotype x environment (GxE) parameters for quality and yield in soybean seed grown in different environments in Minas Gerais State was the goal of this study, as well as to evaluate interaction effects of GxE for soybean seeds yield and quality. Seeds were produced in three locations in Minas Gerais State (Lavras, Inconfidentes, and Patos de Minas) in 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons. Field experiments were conducted in randomized blocks in a factorial 17 x 6 (GxE), and three replications. Seed yield and quality were evaluated for germination in substrates paper and sand, seedling emergence, speed emergency index, mechanical damage by sodium hypochlorite, electrical conductivity, speed aging, vigor and viability of seeds by tetrazolium test in laboratory using completely randomized design. Quadratic component genotypic, GXE variance component, genotype determination coefficient, genetic variation coefficient and environmental variation coefficient were estimated using the Genes software. Percentage analysis of genotypes contribution, environments and genotype x environment interaction were conducted by sites combination two by two and three sites combination, using the R software. Considering genotypes selection of broad adaptation, TMG 1179 RR, CD 2737 RR, and CD 237 RR associated better yield performance at high physical and physiological potential of seed. Environmental effect was more expressive for most of the characters related to soybean seed quality. GxE interaction effects were expressive though genotypes did not present coincidental behavior in different environments.
Assuntos
Interação Gene-Ambiente , Glycine max/genética , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Sementes/genética , Genótipo , Germinação/genética , Modelos Genéticos , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Glycine max/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Genotypes x environment (G x E) interaction consists of different behavior of genotypes cultivated in different environments. This interaction occurs due to the performance variation of each genotype in different environments. To reduce the effect of the interaction in soybean crops, some studies have been reported in the literature to study their adaptability and stability. However, these studies are still scarce in Minas Gerais State. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the adaptability and stability of soybean cultivars and identify the cultivars that contribute least to the G x E interaction in Minas Gerais. Six soybean cultivars were evaluated in 9 different environments. The plots were composed of 4 rows of 5 m with a spacing of 0.5 m between rows, and only the two central rows were harvested. The inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum was performed through sowing furrow. The fertilization followed the recommendations of the Soil Fertility Commission of Minas Gerais. Grain yield was evaluated in kg/ha after conversion to 13% moisture. After individual analysis, the joint analysis was performed by grouping the phenotypic means by the Scott and Knott (1974) test. Wricke's ecovalence methodologies and the Annicchiarico confidence index were applied for the adaptability and stability analysis. The interaction was decomposed into a simple and a complex part. The cultivars BRSMG 820RR and BRSMG 760SRR have wide adaptability and stability. The first one presents a better index of confidence and a small contribution to the interaction.
Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Glycine max/genética , Produção Agrícola/métodos , Repetições de Microssatélites , Modelos GenéticosRESUMO
The number of pods per common bean plant is a primary component of grain yield, which depends on the number of flowers produced and on the flower set. Thus, a larger number of flowers per plant would increase yield. Lines with inflorescences that had a large number of flowers compared to common bean plants now under cultivation were identified. We analyzed the genetic control of this trait and its association with grain yield. The cultivar BRSMG Talismã was crossed with 2 lines, L.59583 and L.59692, which have a large number of flowers. The F1, F2, and F3 generations were obtained. These generations were assessed together with the parents in a randomized block experimental design with 2 replications. The traits assessed included length of inflorescence, number of pods per inflorescence, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, 100-grain weight, and grain yield per plant. Mean genetic components and variance were estimated. The traits length of inflorescence and number of pods per inflorescence exhibited genetic control with predominance that showed an additive effect. In the 2 crosses, genetic control of grain yield and of its primary components showed that the allelic interaction of dominance was high. The wide variability in the traits assessed may be used to increase yield of the common bean plant by increasing the number of flowers on the plant.
Assuntos
Grão Comestível/genética , Inflorescência/genética , Phaseolus/genética , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Grão Comestível/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Flores/genética , Inflorescência/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Phaseolus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fenótipo , Sementes/genéticaRESUMO
A análise do líquido peritoneal em equinos é um procedimento de rotina no atendimento de cavalos com enfermidade abdominal e um recurso diagnóstico importante para estabelecimento da gravidade do quadro clínico e prognóstico. O perfil dos achados laboratoriais de líquido peritoneal varia conforme a dinâmica da evolução clínica, porém, existe uma escassez de conhecimento em relação à interpretação dos exames nas avaliações pós-operatórias e doenças abdominais. O entendimento das avaliações do líquido peritoneal em animais hígidos e com enfermidade abdominal aguda ou crônica se faz necessário como um recurso auxiliar e preditivo das diferentes condições que afetam o sistema digestório equino.(AU)
The analysis of peritoneal fluid in horses is a regular procedure in the care of horses with abdominal disease and an important diagnostic method for establishing the severity of the disease and prognosis. The profile of the laboratory findings of the peritoneal fluid varies according to the dynamics of the affection, however, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding to the interpretation of the examinations in postoperative evaluations and abdominal diseases. The understanding of the assessments of peritoneal fluid in healthy and with acute or chronic abdominal disease is needed as an auxiliary and predictive resource of different conditions affecting the equine digestive system.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Equidae , Líquido Ascítico , Cavidade Abdominal , Cavalos , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Diagnóstico , DoençaRESUMO
A análise do líquido peritoneal em equinos é um procedimento de rotina no atendimento de cavalos com enfermidade abdominal e um recurso diagnóstico importante para estabelecimento da gravidade do quadro clínico e prognóstico. O perfil dos achados laboratoriais de líquido peritoneal varia conforme a dinâmica da evolução clínica, porém, existe uma escassez de conhecimento em relação à interpretação dos exames nas avaliações pós-operatórias e doenças abdominais. O entendimento das avaliações do líquido peritoneal em animais hígidos e com enfermidade abdominal aguda ou crônica se faz necessário como um recurso auxiliar e preditivo das diferentes condições que afetam o sistema digestório equino.
The analysis of peritoneal fluid in horses is a regular procedure in the care of horses with abdominal disease and an important diagnostic method for establishing the severity of the disease and prognosis. The profile of the laboratory findings of the peritoneal fluid varies according to the dynamics of the affection, however, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding to the interpretation of the examinations in postoperative evaluations and abdominal diseases. The understanding of the assessments of peritoneal fluid in healthy and with acute or chronic abdominal disease is needed as an auxiliary and predictive resource of different conditions affecting the equine digestive system.