RESUMO
Tuberculosis remains a significant infectious disease of farm animals and humans worldwide. The objective of this study was to assess various risk factors associated with testing positive for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in high-yielding Holstein cows in an intensive dry-lot dairy operation. In a retrospective observational study, 9312 records from Holstein cows from a large dairy herd in northern Mexico were used. The incidence rate of lactating cows reactor to bTB was 7.3 cases/100 cow years (95% CI = 6.7-7.9%). Multiple logistic regression models indicated that cows with total milk yield during the first lactation >10,200 kg were 1.3 times (95% confidence intervals (CI) for odds ratio (OR) = 1.2-1.6) more likely to be detected as bTB reactors than cows with total milk yield <10,200 kg (8.2 vs. 6.4%; P < 0.01). The risk of being reactor to bTB increased with xÌ total milk yield/lactation >11,500 kg (OR=2.7, 95% CI = 2.3-3.3; 10.4 vs. 4.2%) compared with cows with xÌ total milk yield/lactation <11,500 kg. Cows with >10,200 kg 305-day milk yield in the last lactation was associated (P < 0.01) with 1.3 times higher odds (95% CI for OR = 1.1-1.5) of being classed as reactors than cows with <10,200 kg. Cows with peak milk yield >48 kg were 1.9 times (95% CI for OR = 1.6-2.2) more likely to be reactor to bTB than cows with peak milk yield <48 kg (9.2 vs. 5.1%; P < 0.01). Cows with either puerperal metritis (OR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.5-0.9) or carrying twins (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.01-0.19) had a protective role for being reactor to bTB. This study showed that increased milk production was associated with a higher risk of becoming positive to tuberculin skin test in high-yielding Holstein cows.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Tuberculose Bovina , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Lactação , México/epidemiologia , Leite , Fatores de Risco , Tuberculose Bovina/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Bovina/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Motivados por la alta incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer gástrico en el Ecuador, patología que se constituye en la principal causa de muerte de los ecuatorianos dentro de todos los tumores, especialmente en la Provincia de Manabí, que en esta última década se ha constituido en un grave problema de centros de diagnósticos. Después de haber constatado en 1987 que el 19,3xciento de los cánceres procedían de un área rural ubicada en la zona central de la provincia, iniciamos nuestro primer trabajo de despistaje poblacional en la parroquia Alajuela y posteriormente en San Plácido y Calderón. La encuesta epidemiológica detreminó el consumo de manera importante de alimentos orgánicos de origen animal (carne y/o pescado), conservados en sal en un 75,5xciento de la población y, el análisis de la concentración de nitritos en 30 pozos que reportó 2 con elevada concentración y 8 con un ligero aumento...