RESUMO
Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the influence of perception of care and maternal protection on breastfeeding practices on the infants' third month of life. Methods: longitudinal study with mother-infant pairs distributed in five groupsof gestational clinical conditions. The recruitment occurred in the period 2011 to 2016 at three hospitals in the public health systems in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The Parental Bonding Instrument and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale were assessed. Exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding were analyzed by questionnaires. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post-hoc test, or Pearson's chi-squared test. The significance was set at 5%. Results: 209 mother-infant pairs were investigated. Among those who did not practice breastfeeding, a lower perception of care, a higher perception of maternal protection, and a higher score of postpartum depression were observed (p=0.022, p=0.038, and p<0.001, respectively), when compared to peers who practiced. The control group had a significantly higher perception of care when compared to thediabetes mellitus group (p=0.006), and the perception of maternal protection and postpartum depression had no differences between the intrauterine groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: the perception of care and maternalprotection and the postpartum depressive symptomatology influenced breastfeeding at three months. It is possible to assume a transgenerational effect on breastfeeding, suggesting the existence of a complex model related to mental health in a sample of women who had different backgrounds of gestational clinical conditions
Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a influência da percepção do cuidado e da proteção materna sobre as práticas de aleitamento materno em lactentes no terceiro mês de vida. Métodos: estudo longitudinal, com pares mães-lactentes distribuídos em cinco grupos de diferentes condições clínicas gestacionais. O recrutamento ocorreu no período de 2011 a 2016 em três hospitais da rede pública de saúde de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Foram utilizados o Parental Bonding Instrument e o Edinburgh Postpartun Depression Scale. O aleitamento materno exclusivo e continuado foi analisado por questionários. Na análise de dados foram utilizados os testes de ANOVA com post-hoc de Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis com post-hoc de Dunn e Qui-quadrado. Resultados: foram investigados 209 pares mães-lactentes. Entre aqueles que não praticaram o aleitamento materno foi observadouma menor percepção de cuidado materno, uma maior percepção de proteção materna e ummaior escore de depressão pós-parto (p=0,022, p=0,038 e p<0,001, respectivamente) quandocomparados aos pares mães-lactentes que praticaram. O grupo controle teve significativamente maior percepção do cuidado materno quando comparado ao grupo com diabetes mellitus (p=0,006) enquanto a percepção de proteção materna e a depressão pós-parto não apresentaram diferenças entre os cinco grupos intrauterinos (p>0,05). Conclusões: a percepção de cuidado e proteção materna e asintomatologia depressiva pós-parto influenciaram o aleitamento materno aos três meses. É possível assumir um efeito transgeracional no aleitamento materno, sugerindo a existência de um modelo complexo relacionado à saúde mental numa amostra de mulheres que tinham diferentes antecedentes de condições clínicas gestacionais.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Aleitamento Materno/psicologia , Depressão Pós-Parto , Comportamento Materno/psicologia , Relações Mãe-Filho , BrasilRESUMO
OBJETIVO: avaliar o funcionamento psicodinâmico de pacientes pós-tentativa de suicídio através do Diagnóstico Psicodinâmico Operacionalizado (OPD-2) e de outros instrumentos complementares. MÉTODOS: estudo de caso utilizando métodos mistos de análise (quali-quantitativa). Os pacientes foram avaliados em follow up 3 anos após a primeira entrevista (que ocorreu logo após a tentativa de suicídio), e dois deles concordaram em participar do follow up. RESULTADOS: observou-se nível moderado de funcionamento global nos pacientes. Os conflitos psíquicos com maior prevalência foram o de 'autoestima' e 'necessidade de ser cuidado' versus 'autossuficiência'. Em suas relações, mostraram-se dependentes, impulsivos e exigentes, o que ocasiona sensação constante de abandono. Nessa perspectiva, o medo de ser abandonado faz com que se distanciem e se isolem. Os fatores protetivos de tendências suicidas foram a qualidade da rede de apoio (MOS), a maior interação social, a maior estabilidade do self, o nível de defesas maduras e o tratamento em saúde mental posterior à alta hospitalar. CONCLUSÃO: o OPD-2 demonstrou-se um instrumento apropriado para uma ampla compreensão psicológica de pessoas que tiveram tentativas de suicídio.(AU)
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the psychodynamic functioning of patients after suicide attempts through the Operationalization Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-2) and other complementary instruments. METHODS: case study using mixed methods of analysis (quali-quantitative). Patients were evaluated in follow up 3 years after the first interview (which occurred shortly after the suicide attempt), and two of them has agreed in participating of the follow up. RESULTS: a moderate level of overall functioning was observed in the patients. The most prevalent psychic conflicts were 'self-esteem' and 'need to be cared for' versus 'self-sufficiency'. In their relationships, they have shown up to be dependent, impulsive and demanding, which causes a constant feeling of abandonment. In this perspective, the fear of being abandoned causes them to distance themselves and be isolated. The protective factors of suicidal tendencies were the quality of the support network (MOS), the greater social interaction, the greater stability of the self, the level of mature defenses and the mental health treatment after hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: OPD-2 proved to be an appropriate instrument for a broad psychological comprehension of people who had suicide attempts.(AU)
OBJETIVO: evaluar el funcionamiento psicodinámico de pacientes tras intentos de suicidio a través del Diagnóstico Psicodinámico Operacionalizado (OPD-2) y otros instrumentos complementarios. MÉTODOS: estudio de caso utilizando métodos mixtos de análisis (cuali-cuantitativo). Los pacientes fueron evaluados en el seguimiento 3 años después de la primera entrevista (que ocurrió poco después del intento de suicidio), y dos de ellos han aceptado participar del seguimiento. RESULTADOS: se observó un nivel moderado de funcionamiento general en los pacientes. Los conflictos psíquicos más prevalentes fueron la "autoestima" y la "necesidad de ser atendido" versus la "autosuficiencia". En sus relaciones se han mostrado dependientes, impulsivos y exigentes, lo que provoca un constante sentimiento de abandono. En esta perspectiva, el miedo al abandono hace que se distancien y se aíslen. Los factores protectores de las tendencias suicidas fueron la calidad de la red de apoyo (MOS), la mayor interacción social, la mayor estabilidad del yo, el nivel de defensas maduras y el tratamiento de salud mental tras el alta hospitalaria. CONCLUSIÓN: OPD-2 resultó ser un instrumento apropiado para una amplia comprensión psicológica de las personas que tuvieron intentos de suicidio.(AU)
Assuntos
Apoio Social , Tentativa de Suicídio , Saúde Mental , Fatores de Proteção , DiagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Evidences suggest that early processed food (PF) consumption may cause harm to infant health. During the first 6 months of life, it is not known whether the timing and quantity of this food group can impact breastfeeding and growth. The aim of the study was to analyze the associations between time of introduction and quantity of infant PF consumption with duration of breastfeeding and infant growth at 6 months of age. METHODS: Data were longitudinally collected in six interviews, from birth to 6 months, in a sample of Brazilian newborns with adverse intrauterine environments. PF consumption was calculated by gravity score of processed foods (GSPF) in relation to feeding supply quality and time. For the analysis, the scores were divided into tertiles, making scores severities: Null, Mild, Moderate, and Severe. The interaction between GSPF and breastfeeding (exclusive and non-exclusive) and growth parameters (analyzed in Z-scores, by weight for height, weight for age, and body mass index for age) was tested. RESULTS: A total of 236 infants were included in the study. Greater GSPF were associated with better rates of breastfeeding practices and higher growth indicators scores in the sixth month of infants. These findings were confirmed after adjustment for family income, maternal age, pre-gestational body mass index, and growth z scores at birth. CONCLUSION: The harms of eating PF in relation to breastfeeding and infant growth are more evident the greater and earlier they are consumed. Future studies should explore interventions to reduce and delay the consumption of these foods to prevent adverse health outcomes in later life.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Fast Foods , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Alimentos Infantis , Recém-Nascido , Idade MaternaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We compared physical activity levels before the outbreak and quarantine measures with COVID-19-associated hospitalization prevalence in surviving patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we investigated the association of physical activity levels with symptoms of the disease, length of hospital stay, and mechanical ventilation. DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional. METHODS: Between June 2020 and August 2020, we invited Brazilian survivors and fully recovered patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 to respond to an online questionnaire. We shared the electronic link to the questionnaire on the internet. We collected data about clinical outcomes (symptoms, medications, hospitalization, and length of hospital stay) and cofactors, such as age, sex, ethnicity, preexisting diseases, socioeconomic and educational, and physical activity levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ short version). RESULTS: Out of 938 patients, 91 (9.7%) were hospitalized due to COVID-19. In a univariate analysis, sex, age, and BMI were all associated with hospitalizations due to COVID-19. Men had a higher prevalence of hospitalization (66.6%, pâ¯=â¯0.013). Patients older than 65â¯years, obese, and with preexisting disease had a higher prevalence of COVID-19-related hospitalizations. In a multivariate regression model, performance of at least 150â¯min/wk (moderate) and/or 75â¯min/wk (vigorous) physical activity was associated with a lower prevalence of hospitalizations after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and preexisting diseases (PRâ¯=â¯0.657; pâ¯=â¯0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Sufficient physical activity levels were associated with a lower prevalence of COVID-19-related hospitalizations. Performing at least 150â¯min a week of moderate-intensity, or 75â¯min a week of vigorous-intensity physical activity was associated with 34.3% reduction in prevalence.
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COVID-19/epidemiologia , Exercício Físico , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/etiologia , COVID-19/terapia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Proteção , Quarentena , Respiração Artificial/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Sobreviventes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the world. For every person who commits suicide, twenty or more have attempted to take their own lives. The emotional state of anger is often associated with suicidal behavior. However, this association needs to be further clarified. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate the profiles of traits and expressions of anger in inpatients admitted to a general emergency hospital after surviving a suicide attempt. METHODS: In this case-control study, a sample of 28 suicide survivors was matched for sex, age, and educational level with 56 controls. The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 was used to measure anger traits and expression. RESULTS: Suicide survivors scored higher for anger traits and expression and lower for anger control than the control group. They also had lower levels of state anger and willingness to express anger verbally than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who attempted suicide and had high scores for anger expression (in and out) are inclined to have extreme difficulty in interpersonal relationships and rigidity towards change and are at higher risk of developing psychopathologies.
Assuntos
Ira , Tentativa de Suicídio , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Hospitais , HumanosRESUMO
Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is a multidimensional construct associated with the etiology and maintenance of panic disorder (PD) symptoms. However, only a few studies have evaluated whether cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) can modify the condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of CBGT on AS in patients with PD and to analyze AS and its dimensions as predictors of response to CBGT. In the present clinical trial, an intervention group (n = 37) attended 12 CBGT sessions, while a control group (n = 52) did not receive any intervention. The severity of symptoms and of AS were evaluated before and after CBGT in the intervention group and once in the control group. Significant improvement occurred in all specific PD symptoms and in general anxiety and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, AS scores reduced significantly after intervention. This study confirmed that AS is higher in patients with more severe PD. The effectiveness of CBGT for reducing the physical, cognitive, and social dimensions of AS was also observed, supporting the hypothesis of a positive impact of therapy.
Assuntos
Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Transtorno de Pânico , Psicoterapia de Grupo , Ansiedade , Cognição , Humanos , Transtorno de Pânico/terapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Abstract Introduction The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 - Brief Form (PID-5-BF) - is an instrument for assessment of the five pathological personality traits from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) alternative model of personality disorders. Objectives To determine the psychometric properties of the version of the PID-5-BF translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The process of translating and cross-culturally adapting the text was carried out by independent translators and the resulting version was administered to 176 patients in two hospitals in Rio Grande do Sul. The internal structure was tested by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Evidence of reliability was tested by examining the internal consistency of the scales and their convergent and concurrent validity with other methods of psychopathology. Results The five factors were replicated in the present sample with adequate indicators of fit of the data to the model. Appropriate reliability coefficients for the scales and evidence of validity were observed, indicating the clinical usefulness of the PID-5-BF in the Brazilian context. Conclusion The psychometric properties of PID-5-BF proved satisfactory in an initial sample of Brazilians.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Inventário de Personalidade/normas , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Psicometria/normas , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Psicometria/instrumentação , Psicometria/métodos , Tradução , Brasil , Características CulturaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the results of a brief antibullying intervention for adolescents in public schools. METHOD: This was a controlled experimental study whose subjects were 1,043 students in 5th through 9th grades from public schools in Porto Alegre/State of Rio Grande do Sul, conducted between April and November 2015. Adolescents and school teachers randomly assigned to the intervention group participated in two meetings focused on educative aspects of bullying. Outcome was assessed using the Bullying Questionnaire - victim and perpetrator version. Generalized Estimating Equations was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention. RESULTS: Average age of subjects was 12.5 (SD=1.62) years. A total of 613 (58.7%) adolescents participated in interventions. They were compared to 430 (41.3%) participants in the control group. The study did not observe any significant difference in bullying scores after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates the usefulness of clarifying precisely what bullying is in schools as part of an initial approach to an educative strategy on this topic.
Assuntos
Bullying/prevenção & controle , Intervenção em Crise , Instituições Acadêmicas , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 - Brief Form (PID-5-BF) - is an instrument for assessment of the five pathological personality traits from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) alternative model of personality disorders. OBJECTIVES: To determine the psychometric properties of the version of the PID-5-BF translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: The process of translating and cross-culturally adapting the text was carried out by independent translators and the resulting version was administered to 176 patients in two hospitals in Rio Grande do Sul. The internal structure was tested by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Evidence of reliability was tested by examining the internal consistency of the scales and their convergent and concurrent validity with other methods of psychopathology. RESULTS: The five factors were replicated in the present sample with adequate indicators of fit of the data to the model. Appropriate reliability coefficients for the scales and evidence of validity were observed, indicating the clinical usefulness of the PID-5-BF in the Brazilian context. CONCLUSION: The psychometric properties of PID-5-BF proved satisfactory in an initial sample of Brazilians.
Assuntos
Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Inventário de Personalidade/normas , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Psicometria/normas , Adulto , Brasil , Características Culturais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria/instrumentação , Psicometria/métodos , Tradução , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze associations between attempted suicide and childhood trauma. METHODS: A seven month comparative case-control study (28 subjects - patients with suicide attempt; 56 controls - patients without suicide attempt). The following instruments were used: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). RESULTS: The group with suicide attempt had significantly higher scores for some variables: emotional abuse (p < 0.001), physical abuse (p < 0.001), emotional neglect (p < 0.001), and physical neglect (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that variables related to previous trauma may influence future suicide attempts. The adoption of preventive and therapeutic actions related to mistreatments during child development is a crucial factor in reduction of suicide risk.