RESUMO
A new prenylated salicylic acid derivative, 3-farnesyl-2-hydroxy benzoic acid (1), was isolated from the leaves of Piper multiplinervium C. DC. (Piperaceae). It showed anti-Helicobacter pylori activity (MIC 37.5 microg/ml) and antimicrobial activity at MICs between 2.5 and 5 microg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Its structure was elucidated by means of MS, 1H and 13C NMR. The ethnomedical claim of Piper multiplinervium to treat stomach aches by the Kuna Indians of Panama may be justified by anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of its MeOH extract.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Farneseno Álcool/análogos & derivados , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacologia , Piper/química , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Farneseno Álcool/farmacologia , Helicobacter pylori/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Panamá , Folhas de Planta , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Ethnomedical uses of 108 medicinal plant species, belonging to 52 families, 89 genera, used by the Teribe Amerindians of Bocas del Toro Province in Panama, along with their socio-cultural practices are reported here. The methods of administration of the herbal remedies, the plant parts used, their families and local names are also documented. The recorded medicinal plants were used mainly for fever, various type of pain and inflammation. The potential value of 26 plants and their traditional uses was elucidated through literature search.
Assuntos
Indígenas Centro-Americanos , Medicina Tradicional , Fitoterapia/métodos , Etnobotânica , Humanos , Panamá , Plantas MedicinaisRESUMO
Thirty-five crude extracts from 11 Panamanian plants, distributed in 10 genera and five families, were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity. Four extracts exhibited an inhibition of cellular growth at IC(50) values lower than 25 microg/ml which was considered a significant activity.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Medicina Tradicional , Panamá , Componentes Aéreos da Planta , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Folhas de Planta , Caules de Planta , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Besides the known compounds longistylines C (1), D (2), and 3,5-dimethoxystilbene (5), five new prenylated stilbenes, named chiricanines A--E (3, 4, 6--8), have been isolated from the root bark of Lonchocarpus chiricanus. Their structures were resolved on the basis of spectrometric methods including (1)H, (13)C, and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometry. Compound 3 was the only prenylated stilbene to demonstrate antifungal effects against Cladosporium cucumerinum. Four of the isolated compounds showed toxic properties against larvae of the yellow fever-transmitting mosquito Aedes aegypti. Compound 5 was found to be as potent as rotenone in larvicidal dilution tests.
Assuntos
Fabaceae/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Estilbenos/química , Estilbenos/farmacologia , Aedes , Animais , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cladosporium/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Larva , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Panamá , Epiderme Vegetal/química , Prenilação de Proteína , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Estilbenos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Nineteen plants from the Republic of Panama were selected by their traditional uses in the treatment of hypertension, cardiovascular, mental and feeding disorders and 149 extracts were screened using radioligand-receptor-binding assays. The methanol:dicloromethane extracts of the bark and leaves of Anacardium occidentale L., the leaves of Begonia urophylla Hook., the roots of Bocconia frutescens L., the stems and leaves of Cecropia cf.obtusifolia Bertol., the branches of Clusia coclensis Standl., the bark of Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.)Spreng., the roots of Dimerocostus strobilaceus Kuntze, the bark of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., the leaves of Persea americana Mill. and the branches of Witheringia solanaceae L'Her. inhibited the [3H]-AT II binding (angiotensin II AT1 receptor) more than 50%. Only extracts of the roots of Dimerocostus strobilaceus Kuntze and the stems of Psychotria elata (Sw.) Hammel were potent inhibitors of the [3H] NPY binding (neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor) more than 50% and the ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Cecropia cf. obtusifolia Bertol., the leaves of Hedyosmum bonplandianum H.B.K., the roots of Bocconia frutescens L., the stem of Cecropia cf. obtusifolia Bertol. and the branches of Psychotria elata (Sw.) Hammel showed high inhibition of the [3H] BQ-123 binding (endothelin-1 ET(A) receptor) in a preliminary screening. These results promote the further investigation of these plants using the same assays.
Assuntos
Peptídeos Cíclicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Receptores de Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Neuropeptídeo Y/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , Panamá , Ensaio Radioligante , Receptor Tipo 1 de AngiotensinaRESUMO
The biodiversity found in Latin America is one of the richest in the world, yet its potential as a source of new pharmaceuticals has not been fully investigated. This paper will explore the present status of natural products research in 19 Latin American countries. Future research needs will be presented along with reports on the ethnobotanical and bioprospection projects under way in Latin America. The presentation will be based on data collected over the last five years and will be presented within the framework of the Fine Pharmaceutical Subprogram of the Iberoamerican Program of Science and Technology for Development (CYTED), a novel international cooperation program.
RESUMO
The in vitro antiplasmodial activities of 14 plant species traditionally used in Central America for the treatment of malaria or fever were evaluated. Lipophilic extracts of Piper hispidum, Siparuna andina, S. pauciflora, S. tonduziana, and Xylopia cf. frutescens, proved to be active against both a chloroquine-sensitive and a resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum. IC50 values ranged between 3.0 microg/ml and 21.9 microg/ml; however, moderate cytotoxicity of active extracts was observed. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of Piper hispidum yielded 2',4, 6'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone (asebogenin) as an active compound.
Assuntos
Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinais/uso terapêutico , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antimaláricos/química , América Central , Técnicas In Vitro , Plantas Medicinais/químicaRESUMO
Aqueous and methanolic extracts of 39 Panamanian medicinal plants were tested for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) effects. The extracts were tested for the inhibition of HIV-induced cytopathic effects in cultured cells, HIV-reverse transcriptase (RT) and HIV-protease (PR) enzymes. The water extract of the branches of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) inhibited strongly the HIV-induced cytopathic effects with low cytotoxicity. On the other hand, the water extracts of the whole plant of Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (Euphorbiaceae), the leaves of Cordia spinescens (Boraginaceae) and the aerial parts of Hyptis lantanifolia (Labiatae), and the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Tetrapteris macrocarpa (Malpighiaceae) were potent inhibitors of HIV-RT (IC50: 6-8 microg/ml). Seven out of 39 plants were found to be moderate inhibitors of HIV-PR (IC50: 43-100 microg/ml). Furthermore, we report on the respective inhibitory substances of J. curcas, C. hyssopifolia and C. spinescens, and their possible mechanism of action.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/farmacologia , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicina Tradicional , Plantas Medicinais/enzimologia , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/farmacologia , Fármacos Anti-HIV/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Protease de HIV/efeitos dos fármacos , Protease de HIV/metabolismo , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/isolamento & purificação , Transcriptase Reversa do HIV/efeitos dos fármacos , Transcriptase Reversa do HIV/metabolismo , HIV-1/fisiologia , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Panamá , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Thirty four crude extracts of Panamanian plants, from nine species of Celastraceae and Lamiaceae, were assayed for xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. The enzymatic activity was estimated by measuring the increase in absorbance at 290 nm due to uric acid formation. Eighty five percent of the crude extracts were found to possess XO inhibitory activity at 50 micrograms/ml and all the extracts of the species from Lamiaceae were active even at 1 micrograms/ml. The ethanol extracts of Hyptis obtusiflora Presl ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) and H. lantanaefolia Poit. (Lamiaceae) exhibited the highest activity with an inhibition of approximately 40% at 1 micrograms/ml.
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Xantina Oxidase/antagonistas & inibidores , Etanol/química , Panamá , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Padrões de Referência , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ácido Úrico/metabolismoRESUMO
Results of an ethnopharmacognostic survey of 90 plants used by the Kuna Indians of San Blas Islands, who live in Ailigandí, are listed. Results of a literature search are also reported, including medical uses, known constituents and pharmacological effects.