RESUMO

Oxidative stress has long been postulated to play an essential role in aging mechanisms, and numerous forms of molecular damage associated with oxidative stress have been well documented. However, the extent to which changes in gene expression in direct response to oxidative stress are related to actual cellular aging, senescence, and age-related functional decline remains unclear. Here, we ask whether H2O2-induced oxidative stress and resulting gene expression alterations in prostate epithelial cells in vitro reveal gene regulatory changes typically observed in naturally aging prostate tissue and age-related prostate disease. While a broad range of significant changes observed in the expression of non-coding transcripts implicated in senescence-related responses, we also note an overrepresentation of gene-splicing events among differentially expressed protein-coding genes induced by H2O2. Additionally, the collective expression of these H2O2-induced DEGs is linked to age-related pathological dysfunction, with their protein products exhibiting a dense network of protein-protein interactions. In contrast, co-expression analysis of available gene expression data reveals a naturally occurring highly coordinated expression of H2O2-induced DEGs in normally aging prostate tissue. Furthermore, we find that oxidative stress-induced DEGs statistically overrepresent well-known senescence-related signatures. Our results show that oxidative stress-induced gene expression in prostate epithelial cells in vitro reveals gene regulatory changes typically observed in naturally aging prostate tissue and age-related prostate disease.

RESUMO

Background: The acquisition of language in infants is largely the result of the process of brain maturation, as well as environmental stimulation. Currently, society is in an era of technology and use of electronic devices from an early age. Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate if the amount of time of use of electronic devices in children under 5 years of age affects language development. Methods: An observational, comparative, survey-type study was carried out in 269 infants of both sexes, with an age range of 6 to <60 months. The language development section of the Child Development Scale (EDI) was used. A logistic regression was performed to determine the strength of association between the factors to be studied. Results: 269 participants were included, of which 224 (83.2%) presented their level of neurological maturation, 44 infants (16.4%) presented laged development and one (0.4%) was classified as having developmental delay. It was found that the number of daily hours that an electronic device is used behaved as a risk factor by increasing the risk of delayed language development by 1.37 times for each hour of exposure (OR: 1.37, CI95%: 1.15-1.62). Conclusions: It was shown that a greater number of hours of use of electronic devices is a risk factor for delayed language development in children under 5 years of age. Therefore, it is vital to limit its use in this population.

Introducción: la adquisición del lenguaje en los infantes es, en gran medida, resultado del proceso de maduración cerebral, así como de la estimulación ambiental. En la actualidad, la sociedad se encuentra en una era de tecnología y uso de dispositivos electrónicos desde temprana edad. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del tiempo de uso de dispositivos electrónicos en los menores de 5 años en el área del lenguaje. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, comparativo, tipo encuesta, en infantes con rango de edad de 6 a < 60 meses de ambos sexos. Se utilizó la sección para medir desarrollo del lenguaje de la Escala de Desarrollo Infantil (EDI). Adicionalmente, se llevó a cabo una regresión logística con el objetivo de determinar la fuerza de asociación entre los factores a estudiar. Resultados: se incluyeron 269 participantes, de los cuales 224 de ellos (83.2%) correspondían a su nivel de maduración neurológica, 44 infantes (16.4%) presentaron rezago en su desarrollo y uno (0.4%) se clasificó con retraso en el desarrollo. Encontramos que el número de horas diarias utilizando algún dispositivo electrónico se comportó como factor de riesgo, aumentando 1.37 veces el riesgo de retraso en el desarrollo del lenguaje por cada hora de exposición (OR: 1.37, IC95%: 1.15-1.62). Conclusiones: un mayor número de horas de uso de los dispositivos electrónicos es factor de riesgo para presentar retraso en el desarrollo del lenguaje en menores de 5 años.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of bullying in medical residents and its associated factors. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, articles from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycInfo, Cochrane databases, and Web of Science were searched. Published and unpublished cross-sectional studies were included. Cochrane's Q test and I2 statistics were used to assess the existence of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed on evidence of heterogeneity. Egger's test and funnel plots were performed to investigate publication bias. RESULTS: A total of 13 cross-sectional studies with a total of 44 566 study participants from different medical residencies were analyzed. The overall prevalence of bullying was 51% (95% CI 36-66). Furthermore, female residents and residents that belong to a minority group had higher odds of experiencing bullying compared to their peers. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of bullying in medical residents exists around the world. There is a need for education, dissemination, and more effective interventions among the residents and authorities about bullying to build and promote adequate behaviors and diminish bullying prevalence.

Assuntos

RESUMO

To determine the effect of Trendelenburg position on the diameter or cross-section area of the internal jugular vein (IJV) a systematic review and metanalysis was performed. Studies that evaluated the cross-sectional area (CSA) and anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the right internal jugular vein (RIJV) with ultrasonography in supine and any degree of head-down tilt (Trendelenburg position) were analyzed. A total of 22 articles (613 study subjects) were included. A >5° Trendelenburg position statistically increases RIJV CSA and AP diameter. Further inclination from 10° does not statistically benefit IJV size. This position should be recommended for CVC placement, when patient conditions allow it, and US-guided cannulation is not available.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Senescent cells accumulate within tissues during aging and secrete an array of pro-inflammatory molecules known as senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which contribute to the appearance and progression of various chronic degenerative diseases. Novel pharmacological approaches aimed at modulating or eliminating senescent cells´ harmful effects have recently emerged: Senolytics are molecules that selectively eliminate senescent cells, while senomorphics modulate or decrease the inflammatory response to specific SASP. So far, the physicochemical, structural, and pharmacological properties that define these two kinds of pharmacological approaches remain unclear. Therefore, the identification and correct choice of molecules, based on their physicochemical, structural, and pharmacological properties, likely to exhibit the desired senotherapeutic activity is crucial for developing effective, selective, and safe senotherapies. Here we compared the physicochemical, structural, and pharmacological properties of 84 senolytics and 79 senomorphics using a chemoinformatic and systems pharmacology approach. We found great physicochemical, structural, and pharmacological similarities between them, also reflected in their cellular responses measured through transcriptome perturbations. The identified similarities between senolytics and senomorphics might explain the dual activity of some of those molecules. These findings will help design and discover new, more effective, and highly selective senotherapeutic agents.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Mexico has experienced one of the highest COVID-19 mortality rates in the world. A delayed implementation of social distancing interventions in late March 2020 and a phased reopening of the country in June 2020 has facilitated sustained disease transmission in the region. In this study we systematically generate and compare 30-day ahead forecasts using previously validated growth models based on mortality trends from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation for Mexico and Mexico City in near real-time. Moreover, we estimate reproduction numbers for SARS-CoV-2 based on the methods that rely on genomic data as well as case incidence data. Subsequently, functional data analysis techniques are utilized to analyze the shapes of COVID-19 growth rate curves at the state level to characterize the spatiotemporal transmission patterns of SARS-CoV-2. The early estimates of the reproduction number for Mexico were estimated between Rt ~1.1-1.3 from the genomic and case incidence data. Moreover, the mean estimate of Rt has fluctuated around ~1.0 from late July till end of September 2020. The spatial analysis characterizes the state-level dynamics of COVID-19 into four groups with distinct epidemic trajectories based on epidemic growth rates. Our results show that the sequential mortality forecasts from the GLM and Richards model predict a downward trend in the number of deaths for all thirteen forecast periods for Mexico and Mexico City. However, the sub-epidemic and IHME models perform better predicting a more realistic stable trajectory of COVID-19 mortality trends for the last three forecast periods (09/21-10/21, 09/28-10/27, 09/28-10/27) for Mexico and Mexico City. Our findings indicate that phenomenological models are useful tools for short-term epidemic forecasting albeit forecasts need to be interpreted with caution given the dynamic implementation and lifting of social distancing measures.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The purpose was to assess prevalence of suicidality, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety among female sex workers (FSW). A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Search strategy was performed in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Ovid and Cochrane Central Database from inception until March 2020. Considered for inclusion were cross-sectional studies performed on FSW that assessed prevalence of any of the following: suicide attempt or suicidal ideation, depression, PTSD, or anxiety. Five reviewers, independently and in duplicate, selected all eligible articles in an abstract and full-text screening phase and, moreover, extracted information from each study. A binomial-normal generalized linear mixed model was employed to estimate prevalence of the conditions. From 8035 studies yielded in the search strategy, 55 were included for analysis. The overall prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt was 27% (95% C.I. 18-39%) and 20% (95% C.I. 13-28%), respectively. Furthermore, overall prevalence of depression and PTSD was 44% (95% C.I. 35-54%) and 29% (95% C.I. 18-44%), respectively. Eleven studies were classified as high quality. Findings indicate that there is an overall high prevalence of suicidality, depression, and PTSD among FSW. Development of accessible large-scale interventions that assess mental health among this population remains critical.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of hair loss [Br J Dermatol. 2011 Jan;164(1):5-15]. Finasteride and minoxidil are the only approved treatments [J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008 Oct;59(4):547-8 and J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol. 2018 Jan;32(1):11-22]. Dutasteride is more potent than finasteride due to its ability to inhibit both 5-α-reductase type I and II [Our Dermatol Online. 2017 Sep;9(1):75-9] though its adverse effects and long half-life contribute to the reluctance on its oral use. Mesotherapy could be a feasible alternative to avoid systemic exposure and side effects [J Pan-Arab League Dermatologist. 2009 Feb;20(1):137-45]. We aim to perform a systematic review to analyze scientific literature with the purpose of comparing efficacy and adverse effects of both administration routes. Five clinical trials using oral route and 3 intralesional in comparison with placebo met criteria for inclusion. Regarding intralesional dutasteride, only one study [Clin Dermatol. 2001 Mar;19(2):149-54] reported the mean change in hair count. Although both interventions favor over placebo, there are not enough data to reliably compare outcomes obtained between both routes. Mean increase in hair count observed with oral dutasteride was higher (MD: 15.92 hairs [95% CI: 9.87-21.96]; p = <0.00001; I 2 = 90%) compared to intralesional dutasteride in Abdallah's study (MD: 7.90 hairs [95% CI: 7.14-8.66]; p = <0.00001). Future studies are required to assess the therapeutic efficacy of both treatment routes, including head-to-head treatments before well-supported conclusions can be established.

RESUMO

La Toxoplasmosis y la Enfermedad de Chagas (ECh) son infecciones parasitarias frecuentes en Latinoamérica, capaces de ser transmitidas verticalmente durante el embarazo. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar la seroprevalencia ante Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) y Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), en las embarazadas de la consulta prenatal del Ambulatorio Docente del Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Estudio analítico, prospectivo de corte transversal, realizado en 300 pacientes, en el lapso comprendido entre enero 2018 ­ marzo 2019. El 31,66 % de la población estudiada presentó seropositividad para anticuerpos IgG específicos para T. gondii, avidez de IgG mayor al 50 % e IgM negativa en todas, resultados compatibles con la fase crónica de la infección. Al correlacionar con los factores de riesgo habituales para la transmisión de T. gondii destacaron el contacto con heces de gato (46,3 %) y el consumo de agua directamente del grifo (32,6 %). En el caso de la ECh se demostró la presencia de factores de riesgo en la población estudiada, como contacto con triatominos (51,45 %) y viviendas cercanas a vegetación (49 %), sin embargo, solo una embarazada (0,33 %) demostró seropositividad para T. cruzi sin presentar relación con los factores de riesgo estudiados. Se evidenció una seroprevalencia muy frecuente para T. gondii y menor para T. cruzi, con factores de riesgo para la trasmisión vectorial cutánea y oral muy altos, constituyéndo una amenaza tanto para la embarazada como para al feto. Se recomienda educar a la población para reducir su exposición a factores de riesgo.

Toxoplasmosis and Chagas Disease (ChD) are frequent parasitic infections in Latin America, capables of vertical transmission during pregnancy. The purpose of this article is to determine the seroprevalence against Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), in pregnant women attending the prenatal clinic of the "Hospital Universitario de Caracas". Analytical, prospective study of a transversal cohort, carried out in 300 patients, during the period January 2018 - March 2019. The 31.66 % of the analyzed population showed seropositivity for IgG specific antibodies for T. gondii, all displaying an avidity IgG greater than 50 % and negative IgM, corresponding to a chronic stage of the infection. When correlating with the usual risk factors for the transmission of T. gondii, it was highlighted the presence of contact with cat feces (46.3 %) and the consumption of water directly from the tap (32.6 %). While with Chagas Disease (ChD), the presence of risk factors for acquiring the infection were highly demonstrated in the population, such as contact with triatomines (51.45 %) and living close to vegetation (49 %), however, only one pregnant woman (0.33 %) presented seropositivity for T. cruzi, without being related to the known risk factors. We conclude that T. gondii presents a high seroprevalence and T. cruzi an infrequent seroprevalence in the covered population, with high risk factors for cutaneous and oral vector transmission, representing a threat for the mother and the fetus. We recommend educating the population to reduce their exposure to risk factors.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Two old drugs are the only choice against Trypanosoma cruzi and little is known about their secondary effects in the acute stage of oral-transmitted Chagas disease (ChD). METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical surveillance study was conducted in a sizable cohort of patients seen during the largest acute foodborne ChD microepidemic registered so far. Individuals were treated with benznidazole (BNZ) or nifurtimox (NFX). 'Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events' was assessed to categorize side effects according to severity. RESULTS: Out of 176 treatments applied, 79% had one or more adverse effects, which predominated in adults (97.8%) as compared to children (75.5%). Risk of side effects with NFX was significantly higher than BNZ. Four adults and a child treated with NFX had severe side effects (pulmonary infarction, facial paralysis, neutropenia, blurred vision, bone marrow hypoplasia) warranting hospitalization, and drug suspension. Adverse effects frequently reported with NFX were abdominal pain, hyporexia, weight loss, headache, nausea and lymphocytosis, whereas skin rash, neurosensory effects, hyporexia, fatigue, pyrosis, abdominal pain and eosinophilia were observed with BNZ. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency and severity of side effects during treatment of acute oral infection by T. cruzi demand direct supervision and close follow-up, even in those asymptomatic, to prevent life-threatening situations.

Assuntos