RESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Fecal incontinence is a disabling condition with devastating consequences for the patients. Medical and surgical options are not very satisfactory, reason by which regenerative medicine has been considered in this field. In the present research, we analyzed functional and histologic effects after implanting pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in a murine model with sphincterotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female Wistar rats were subjected to sphincterotomy and divided into three groups. Group 1 (control group) was treated with 300µL of balanced saline solution and group 2 (late treatment) and group 3 (early treatment) received 50,000 PSCs resuspended in 300µL of balanced saline solution. All animals were evaluated through high-resolution anorectal manometry 24hours before and after sphincterotomy and every month for three months. Finally, the rats were euthanized and histopathologic sections from the anal canal were obtained. RESULTS: All groups showed a decrease in resting anal pressure and squeeze anal pressure 24hours after sphincterotomy. At the third month, higher anal pressures in the groups treated with PSCs were detected. Regarding the histologic effects, the microscopic architecture was restored and there was a significant decrease in the inflammatory response in the groups treated with PSCs. CONCLUSION: PSCs implantation improves anal tone, as well as histologic structure, presenting better regenerative results when implanted as early treatment.
Assuntos
Canal Anal/cirurgia , Incontinência Fecal/terapia , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/transplante , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Esfincterotomia/efeitos adversos , Canal Anal/fisiopatologia , Animais , Incontinência Fecal/etiologia , Incontinência Fecal/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Manometria , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Regeneração , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
In the Taxco mining area, sulfide mineral oxidation from inactive tailings impoundments and abandoned underground mines has produced acid mine drainage (AMD; pH 2.2-2.9) enriched in dissolved concentrations (mg l⻹) sulfate, heavy metals, and arsenic (As): SO4²â» (pH 1470-5454), zinc (Zn; 3.0-859), iron (Fe; pH 5.5-504), copper (Cu; pH 0.7-16.3), cadmium (Cd; pH 0.3-6.7), lead (Pb; pH < 0.05-1.8), and As (pH < 0.002-0.6). Passive-treatment systems using limestone have been widely used to remediate AMD in many parts of the world. In limestone-treatment systems, calcite simultaneously plays the role of neutralizing and precipitating agent. However, the acid-neutralizing potential of limestone decreases when surfaces of the calcite particles become less reactive as they are progressively coated by metal precipitates. This study constitutes first-stage development of passive-treatment systems for treating AMD in the Taxco mine area using indigenous calcareous shale. This geologic material consists of a mixture of calcite, quartz, muscovite, albite, and montmorillonite. Results of batch leaching test indicate that calcareous shale significantly increased the pH (to values of 6.6-7.4) and decreased heavy metal and As concentrations in treated mine leachates. Calcareous shale had maximum removal efficiency (100%) for As, Pb, Cu, and Fe. The most mobile metals ions were Cd and Zn, and their average percentage removal was 87% and 89%, respectively. In this natural system (calcareous shale), calcite provides a source of alkalinity, whereas the surfaces of quartz and aluminosilicate minerals possibly serve as a preferred locus of deposition for metals, resulting in the neutralizing agent (calcite) beings less rapidly coated with the precipitating metals and therefore able to continue its neutralizing function for a longer time.
Assuntos
Compostos de Cálcio/química , Recuperação e Remediação Ambiental/métodos , Sedimentos Geológicos , Mineração , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Poluição da Água/prevenção & controle , Silicatos de Alumínio/química , Arsênio/química , Água Doce , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Metais Pesados/química , México , Quartzo/química , Poluentes do Solo/químicaRESUMO
The goal of this work was to identify the solid-phase control on lead (Pb) bioaccessibility in soils impacted by smelter activities in the city of San Luis Potosi, in north-central Mexico. Total Pb concentrations in 30 ha of soil terrain from a residential area adjacent to the smelter showed levels above the 400-mg/kg intervention guideline dictated by Mexican Environmental regulations. These concentrations, although raising human health and environmental concerns, showed low water-soluble lead (<0.1 mg/L) and relatively low lead bioaccessibility (2.4-20.5%). X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques showed, in addition to common Pb phases reported in similar contaminated environments [galena (PbS) and anglesite (PbSO(4))], the presence of a solid lead arsenate phase. The Pb solubility measured in soils agrees very well with the low solubility reported for the Pb minerals identified and explains the relatively low Pb bioaccessibility values measured, presumably from their low dissolution during passage through the gastrointestinal tract. The results reported are highly relevant for smelter-originated environmental contamination scenarios in general.
Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Chumbo/análise , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Solo/análise , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Disponibilidade Biológica , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Chumbo/sangue , Chumbo/química , Metalurgia , México , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Poluentes do Solo/sangue , Poluentes do Solo/química , Solubilidade , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Chronic (3 months) lead exposure increased the quinonoid dihydropteridine reductase activity and the tetrahydrobiopterin content but did not affect the GTP-cyclohydrolase activity and the dihydrobiopterin content. These results suggest that lead intoxication may enhance dopamine metabolism in neostriatum by increasing the content of tetrahydrobiopterin, the regulating cofactor of tyrosine hydroxylase activity.
Assuntos
Biopterinas/análogos & derivados , Corpo Estriado/metabolismo , Di-Hidropteridina Redutase/metabolismo , Intoxicação por Chumbo/metabolismo , NADH NADPH Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Animais , Biopterinas/metabolismo , Feminino , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosAssuntos
Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Humanos , Feminino , Anormalidades Congênitas , Púrpura Trombocitopênica , RádioAssuntos
Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Humanos , Feminino , Anormalidades Congênitas , Púrpura Trombocitopênica , RádioRESUMO
Se presentan dos ninos con anemia y plaquetopenia (tambien neutropenia en uno) y cuya medula osea (MO) muestra hiperplasia con contenido de mieloblastos no mayor del 10% (7% y10%) y cambios megaloblaticos; en los dos pacientes se detectan anomalias cromosomicas (trisomia 8). En uno de ellos el cultivo de MO muestra disminucion del numero de colonias. Ambos enfermos son tratados con el protocolo 3-LMA-76 del GATLA, sin obtenerse respuesta.De los ninos, uno desarrolla leucemia aguda no linfoblastica, falleciendo a causa de la misma mientras que el otro muere a los 18 meses de evolucion a consecuencia de una hemorragia del SNC, sin llegar a desarrollar cuadro franco de leucemia aguda.Consideramos que la patologia observada en los dos pacientes presentados corresponde a la del sindrome preleucemico, cuyas caracteristicas mas salientes son: citopenia en por lo menos una de las tres series hematopoyeticas; hiperplasia de MO en la mayoria de los casos, con cambios megaloblasticos, diseritropoyesis y aumento del porcentaje de blastos no linfoides (que alcanzan al 5-40%); ademas, alteraciones cromosomicas y disminucion del numero de colonias en el cultivo de MO
Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Pré-LeucemiaRESUMO
Se presentan dos ninos con anemia y plaquetopenia (tambien neutropenia en uno) y cuya medula osea (MO) muestra hiperplasia con contenido de mieloblastos no mayor del 10% (7% y10%) y cambios megaloblaticos; en los dos pacientes se detectan anomalias cromosomicas (trisomia 8). En uno de ellos el cultivo de MO muestra disminucion del numero de colonias. Ambos enfermos son tratados con el protocolo 3-LMA-76 del GATLA, sin obtenerse respuesta.De los ninos, uno desarrolla leucemia aguda no linfoblastica, falleciendo a causa de la misma mientras que el otro muere a los 18 meses de evolucion a consecuencia de una hemorragia del SNC, sin llegar a desarrollar cuadro franco de leucemia aguda.Consideramos que la patologia observada en los dos pacientes presentados corresponde a la del sindrome preleucemico, cuyas caracteristicas mas salientes son: citopenia en por lo menos una de las tres series hematopoyeticas; hiperplasia de MO en la mayoria de los casos, con cambios megaloblasticos, diseritropoyesis y aumento del porcentaje de blastos no linfoides (que alcanzan al 5-40%); ademas, alteraciones cromosomicas y disminucion del numero de colonias en el cultivo de MO