RESUMO
BACKGROUND: This article aims to describe an original technique to correct refluxing native ureters observed during a prerenal transplantation study. The correction is performed by intravesical ligation of the native refluxing ureters at the same time as renal transplantation without simultaneous nephrectomy. METHODS: Between January 2004 and December 2010 we performed intravesical ligation of a refluxing ureter simultaneous with a transplantation procedure without a concomittant native nephrectomy in 12 of 345 subjects (3.47%). The 8 bilateral and 4 unilateral ligations were performed on 11 cadaveric and 1 living-related nonidentical donor transplantations. The implantation of the kidney donor ureter was performed anatomically in the bladder trigone through a transvesical ureteroneocystostomy with a transmural, submucosal antireflux tunnel. RESULTS: Early and late postoperative recovery was satisfactory in all patients. There was no documented kidney area pain, proven urinary tract infection, morbidity or mortality attributed to the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Intravesical ligation is a practical technique to manage vesicoureteral reflux into the native ureters simultaneously with the ureteral implantation of the kidney donor in a single surgical renal transplant procedure without native kidney nephrectomy.
Assuntos
Transplante de Rim , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Ureter/transplante , Refluxo Vesicoureteral/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Cistostomia , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Ligadura , Doadores Vivos , Masculino , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Ureterostomia , Refluxo Vesicoureteral/complicações , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Bolivia currently has one of the highest numbers of cases for human and canine rabies and is thus clue to the elimination process. The objective of the present study was to assess antibody seroprevalences against rabies in dogs vaccinated under field conditions and other factors that might influence the success of the on-going rabies control programmes in an endemic area of the disease, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. All 240 study animals, selected using area-stratified random sampling, were investigated in April 2007. Test prevalences were adjusted for the imperfect test characteristics using the Rogan-Gladen estimator (deterministic and stochastic functions) and Bayesian inference. Ninety-four of the tested 240 vaccinated dogs were classified as test-positive for rabies-specific antibodies. With regard to adjusted overall antibody seroprevalence, Bayesian true prevalence estimates (41%, 95% CI: 37-46%) were lower than both of the Rogan-Gladen estimates. The effect of various epidemiological factors on post-vaccination response was also assessed.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Vacina Antirrábica/imunologia , Vírus da Raiva/imunologia , Raiva/veterinária , Vacinação/veterinária , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , Bolívia/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/prevenção & controle , Doenças do Cão/virologia , Cães , Raiva/epidemiologia , Raiva/imunologia , Raiva/prevenção & controle , Vacina Antirrábica/administração & dosagem , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , População Urbana , Zoonoses/virologiaRESUMO
Rabies remains an important public health issue in Bolivia, South America. Public concern and fears are most focussed on dogs as the source of rabies. The objective of the present study was to assess immunity of an inactivated suckling mouse brain vaccine against canine rabies used for the official vaccination campaigns under field conditions in an endemic area of rabies in Bolivia. A total of 236 vaccinated and 44 unvaccinated dogs in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, selected using stratified random sampling, were investigated in order to obtain owned dog characteristics and antibody titres against rabies in April 2007. The proportion of vaccinated dogs with an antibody titre exceeded the protection threshold value of 0.5 EU/ml was 58% [95% confidence intervals (CI): 52-65], indicating that vaccination is likely to elicit an antibody response (odds ratio 6.3, 95% CI: 1.2-11.5). The range of geometric mean of antibody titre for vaccinated dogs (0.89 EU/ml; 95% CI: 0.75-1.04) was considered to meet the minimal acceptable level indicating an adequate immune response to the vaccine. However, the titre level was not satisfactory in comparison with the results from other field investigations with inactivated tissue culture vaccines. It is recommended for public health authorities to (1) consider modernizing their vaccine manufacturing method because the level of immunity induced by the current vaccine is comparably low, (2) conduct frequent vaccination campaigns to maintain high levels of vaccination coverage, and (3) actively manage the domestic dog population in the study area, which is largely responsible for rabies maintenance.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doenças do Cão/prevenção & controle , Vacina Antirrábica/imunologia , Vírus da Raiva/imunologia , Raiva/veterinária , Animais , Animais Selvagens/imunologia , Formação de Anticorpos/imunologia , Bolívia/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/transmissão , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Saúde Pública , Raiva/epidemiologia , Raiva/prevenção & controle , Raiva/transmissão , Vacina Antirrábica/administração & dosagem , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Vacinação/veterinária , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/imunologia , ZoonosesRESUMO
Dehydroleucodine (DhL), a sesquiterpene lactone obtained from Artemisia douglasiana, was screened for antidiarrheal effects. DhL inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice by judged by a decrease in the number of wet faeces in the DhL-treatment groups. DhL significantly reduced intestinal transit in mice. Yohimbine and phentolamine counteracted the inhibitory effect of DhL. It is suggested that alpha2-adrenergic receptors mediate the effect of DhL in intestinal motility. DhL reduced also intraluminal accumulation of fluid. Thus, the antidiarrheal activity of DhL is possibly related, at least in part, to its inhibitory action against gastrointestinal motility and the inhibition of enteropooling property.
Assuntos
Artemisia , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Trânsito Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactonas/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Sesquiterpenos/uso terapêutico , Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/farmacologia , Animais , Óleo de Rícino , Defecação/efeitos dos fármacos , Diarreia/induzido quimicamente , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/farmacologia , Lactonas/antagonistas & inibidores , Lactonas/farmacologia , Camundongos , Fentolamina/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sesquiterpenos/antagonistas & inibidores , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Ioimbina/farmacologiaRESUMO
The effect of Dehydroleucodine (DhL) on gastric acid secretion in rats was investigated at a dose of 40 mg/kg, while its anti-inflammatory effect was investigated in two experimental models: arthritis induced by Freund's adjuvant carrageenan- and cotton pellet-induced granuloma. DhL did not inhibit gastric acid secretion, suggesting that its anti-ulcerogenic effect can be attributed to its action on the mucosa defense factors. On the other hand, DhL inhibited both chronic and acute adjuvant carrageenan-induced inflammation phases, being most effective in the chronic phase. In the granuloma test, DhL also inhibited inflammation. It is suggested that the anti-inflammatory activity of DhL may be attributed to interference with multiple targets on the level of transcription factors, such as NF-kappaB, and cytokines.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Artemisia/química , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Lactonas/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/isolamento & purificação , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
We investigated the effect of lithium chloride administration (Sigma): 1 mmol/kg b.w. i.p./day for 35 days on the testes and sperm of viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus), a nocturnal rodent found only in the pampas of Argentina. The histological study showed that hypospermatogenesis and the sperm number per mL decreased markedly in comparison with the controls (treatment group: 315 x 10(6) +/- 77 x 10(6); control group: 693 x 10(6) +/- 39 x 10(6), Means +/- SEM, Student's t-test: p < 0.05). The sperm motility and viability were also affected. Under the same treatment, the testicular tissue and the sperm of rats were not damaged. Moreover, lithium induced these changes when the plasm levels were within the therapeutic range in humans. Our results provide evidence for the claim that viscacha testes and sperm react very sensitively to low doses of lithium, whereas these concentrations do not produce damage in rats.
Assuntos
Lítio/farmacologia , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Roedores , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patologiaRESUMO
The gastric cytoprotective activity of several molecules containing an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl system is reported. We attributed this gastroprotective activity to the presence of a non-hindered Michael acceptor in the molecules assayed and suggested that the mechanism of protection would involve, at least in part, a nucleophilic attack of the sulphydryl group of the gastric mucosa to the beta carbon of the Michael acceptors of the compounds assayed.
Assuntos
4-Butirolactona/análogos & derivados , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Ciclopentanos/uso terapêutico , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , 4-Butirolactona/química , 4-Butirolactona/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antiulcerosos/química , Ciclopentanos/química , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Substâncias Protetoras/química , Substâncias Protetoras/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Dehydroleucodine (DhL), a sesquiterpene lactone (SQL) of the guaianolide type isolated from Artemisia douglasiana Besser, shows a pharmacological cytoprotective effect and significantly prevents the formation of gastric and duodenal lesions induced by various necrotising agents in rodents. The effects of DhL, on two models of experimental colitis were examined. Colitis was produced in male Wistar rats by rectal instillation of 5 and 10% acetic acid, following the methods of Eliakim et al. and Le Duc et al., respectively. In mice colitis was produced by rectal instillation of 0.1 ml of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (5 mg in 50% ethanol) (TNB) as previously described by Chin et al. In this study, the administration of DhL 40 mg kg(-1)(1 h before the induction of colitis) significantly decreased mucosal damage. This effect was consistent in both models. The protection provided by DhL was accompanied by significant decreases in diarrhoea and colon weight; and histologically normal mucosa without ulceration and mucus production were observed. This study shows that both TNB and acetic acid colitis can be pharmacologically controlled by DhL. Our results suggest that the protective activity of DhL in experimental colitis is mediated, at least in part, through the increase of glycoprotein synthesis, anti-inflammatory effect and inhibition of COX-2 induction, and by inhibiting the degranulation of cells containing monoamines.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactonas/uso terapêutico , Sesquiterpenos/uso terapêutico , Ácido Acético , Animais , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colo/patologia , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Irritantes , Masculino , Camundongos , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Ácido TrinitrobenzenossulfônicoRESUMO
Sixteen cases of granulomatous mastitis were seen in the Breast Clinic of the Rio Blanco Regional Hospital in Veracruz, México. The mean age was 41.7 years (range 22-62), mean previous pregnancies was 5. Lactancy in last 6 months was registered in 50% of the cases, but no cases of puerperal mastitis were seen. Seventy five percent of the patients presented with a breast mass (mean 6 cm), suspicious of cancer in 62.5%. In 2 of 16 cases (12.5) there was an associated breast carcinoma, and in one case tuberculosis was the etiology. Surgical treatment consisted in wide local excision in 100% and mastectomy in 2 cases. Steroids were not used. Recurrent disease was seen in 2 cases at a mean follow-up of 20 months. Awareness of this rare entity is important for the surgeon and the pathologist because the definitive diagnosis is made microscopically, through evaluation of a wide breast tissue sample.