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Orthodontic treatment involves the use of apparatuses that impairs oral hygiene making patients susceptible to periodontal diseases and caries. To prevent increased antimicrobial resistance A-PDT has shown itself a feasible option. The aim of this investigation was to assess the efficiency of A-PDT employing 1,9-Dimethyl-Methylene Blue zinc chloride double salt - DMMB as a photosensitizing agent combined with red LED irradiation (λ640 ± 5 ηm) against oral biofilm of patients undertaking orthodontic treatment. Twenty-one patients agreed to participate. Four biofilm collections were carried out on brackets and gingiva around inferior central incisors; first was carried out before any treatment (Control); second followed five minutes of pre-irradiation, the third was immediately after the first AmPDT, and the last after a second AmPDT. Then, a microbiological routine for microorganism growth was carried out and, after 24-h, CFU counting was performed. There was significant difference between all groups. No significant difference was seen between Control and Photosensitizer and AmpDT1 and AmPDT2 groups. Significant differences were observed between Control and AmPDT1 and AmPDT2 groups, Photosensitizer and AmPDT1 and AmPDT2 groups. It was concluded that double AmPDT using DMBB in nano concentration and red LED was capable to meaningfully decrease the number of CFUs in orthodontic patients.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of laser or LED phototherapy on the acceleration of bone formation at the midpalatal suture after rapid maxilla expansion. Forty-five rats were divided into groups at 7 days (control, expansion, expansion and laser irradiation, and expansion and LED irradiation) and into 14 days (expansion, expansion and laser in the 1st week, expansion and LED in the 1st week, expansion and laser in the 1st and 2nd weeks, expansion and LED in the 1st and 2nd weeks). Laser/LED irradiation occurred every 48 h. Expansion was accomplished with a spatula and maintained with a triple helicoid of 0.020-in stainless steel orthodontic wire. A diode laser (λ780 nm, 70 mW, spot of 0.04 cm2, t = 257 s, SAEF of 18 J/cm2) or a LED (λ850 ± 10 nm, 150 ± 10 mW, spot of 0.5 cm2, t = 120 s, SAEF of 18 J/cm2) was applied in one point in the midpalatal suture immediately behind the upper incisors. Raman spectroscopy and histological analyses of the suture region were carried and data was submitted to statistical analyses (p ≤ 0.05). Raman spectrum analysis demonstrated that irradiation increases hydroxyapatite in the midpalatal suture after expansion. In the histological analysis of various inflammation, there was a higher production of collagen and osteoblastic activity and less osteoclastic activity. The results showed that LED irradiation associated to rapid maxillary expansion improves bone repair and could be an alternative to the use of laser in accelerating bone formation in the midpalatal suture.

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INTRODUCTION: Technological advances in Dentistry have emerged primarily in the area of diagnostic tools. One example is the 3D scanner, which can transform plaster models into three-dimensional digital models. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the reliability of tooth size-arch length discrepancy analysis measurements performed on three-dimensional digital models, and compare these measurements with those obtained from plaster models. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To this end, plaster models of lower dental arches and their corresponding three-dimensional digital models acquired with a 3Shape R700T scanner were used. All of them had lower permanent dentition. Four different tooth size-arch length discrepancy calculations were performed on each model, two of which by manual methods using calipers and brass wire, and two by digital methods using linear measurements and parabolas. RESULTS: Data were statistically assessed using Friedman test and no statistically significant differences were found between the two methods (P > 0.05), except for values found by the linear digital method which revealed a slight, non-significant statistical difference. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, it is reasonable to assert that any of these resources used by orthodontists to clinically assess tooth size-arch length discrepancy can be considered reliable.

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INTRODUCTION: Technological advances in Dentistry have emerged primarily in the area of diagnostic tools. One example is the 3D scanner, which can transform plaster models into three-dimensional digital models. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the reliability of tooth size-arch length discrepancy analysis measurements performed on three-dimensional digital models, and compare these measurements with those obtained from plaster models. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To this end, plaster models of lower dental arches and their corresponding three-dimensional digital models acquired with a 3Shape R700T scanner were used. All of them had lower permanent dentition. Four different tooth size-arch length discrepancy calculations were performed on each model, two of which by manual methods using calipers and brass wire, and two by digital methods using linear measurements and parabolas. RESULTS: Data were statistically assessed using Friedman test and no statistically significant differences were found between the two methods (P > 0.05), except for values found by the linear digital method which revealed a slight, non-significant statistical difference. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, it is reasonable to assert that any of these resources used by orthodontists to clinically assess tooth size-arch length discrepancy can be considered reliable. .

INTRODUÇÃO: na Odontologia, os avanços tecnológicos vêm se manifestando, principalmente, em instrumentos de diagnóstico, como o desenvolvimento dos scanners 3D, capazes de transformar modelos de gesso em modelos digitais tridimensionais. OBJETIVO: o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar a confiabilidade da análise da Discrepância de Modelo realizada em modelos digitais tridimensionais, comparando-a com a obtida em modelos de gesso. MÉTODOS: utilizou-se modelos de gesso das arcadas dentárias inferiores e seus correspondentes modelos digitais tridimensionais, adquiridos por meio do scanner 3Shape R700T. Foram realizados quatro diferentes cálculos da Discrepância de Modelo para cada modelo selecionado, dois desses por meio de métodos manuais, utilizando paquímetro e fio de latão, e dois por meio de métodos digitais, utilizando medições lineares e por meio da confecção de uma parábola. RESULTADOS: os dados obtidos foram avaliados estatisticamente por meio do teste de Friedman, e observou-se não haver diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os métodos utilizados (p > 0,05), exceto os valores obtidos pelo método digital linear, onde observou-se uma pequena diferença estatística, porém, não são valores considerados clinicamente significativos. CONCLUSÃO: com base nos resultados, é possível afirmar que, quaisquer desses recursos que o ortodontista venha a utilizar em sua vida clínica para obtenção da Discrepância de Modelo, esses são considerados métodos confiáveis. .

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INTRODUCTION: Compensatory orthodontic treatment, or simply orthodontic camouflage, consists in an important alternative to orthognathic surgery in the resolution of skeletal discrepancies in adult patients. It is important to point that, to be successfully performed, diagnosis must be detailed, to evaluate, specifically, dental and facial features, as well as the limitations imposed by the magnitude of the discrepancy. The main complaint, patient's treatment expectation, periodontal limits, facial pattern and vertical control are some of the items to be explored in the determination of the viability of a compensatory treatment. Hyperdivergent patients who present with a Class III skeletal discrepancy, associated with a vertical facial pattern, with the presence or tendency to anterior open bite, deserve special attention. In these cases, an efficient strategy of vertical control must be planned and executed. OBJECTIVE: The present article aims at illustrating the evolution of efficient alternatives of vertical control in hiperdivergent patients, from the use, in the recent past, of extraoral appliances on the lower dental arch (J-hook), until nowadays, with the advent of skeletal anchorage. But for patients with a more balanced facial pattern, the conventional mechanics with Class III intermaxillary elastics, associated to an accentuated curve of Spee in the upper arch and a reverse curve of Spee in the lower arch, and vertical elastics in the anterior region, continues to be an excellent alternative, if there is extreme collaboration in using the elastics.

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INTRODUCTION: Compensatory orthodontic treatment, or simply orthodontic camouflage, consists in an important alternative to orthognathic surgery in the resolution of skeletal discrepancies in adult patients. It is important to point that, to be successfully performed, diagnosis must be detailed, to evaluate, specifically, dental and facial features, as well as the limitations imposed by the magnitude of the discrepancy. The main complaint, patient's treatment expectation, periodontal limits, facial pattern and vertical control are some of the items to be explored in the determination of the viability of a compensatory treatment. Hyperdivergent patients who carry a Class III skeletal discrepancy, associated with a vertical facial pattern, with the presence or tendency to anterior open bite, deserve special attention. In these cases, an efficient strategy of vertical control must be planned and executed. OBJECTIVE: The present article aims at illustrating the evolution of efficient alternatives of vertical control in hiperdivergent patients, from the use, in the recent past, of extra-oral appliances on the lower dental arch (J-hook), until nowadays, with the advent of skeletal anchorage. But for patients with a more balanced facial pattern, the conventional mechanics with Class III intermaxillary elastics, associated to an accentuated curve of Spee in the upper arch and a reverse Curve of Spee in the lower arch, and vertical elastics in the anterior region, continues to be an excellent alternative, if there is extreme collaboration in using the elastics.

INTRODUÇÃO: o tratamento ortodôntico compensatório, ou simplesmente camuflagem ortodôntica, consiste em uma importante alternativa à cirurgia ortognática na resolução de discrepâncias esqueléticas em pacientes adultos. Torna-se importante salientar que, para ser instituído de maneira bem-sucedida, deve-se realizar detalhado diagnóstico, avaliando de maneira específica as características dentárias e faciais, assim como as limitações impostas pela magnitude da discrepância. A queixa principal, as expectativas do paciente frente ao tratamento, os limites periodontais, padrão facial e controle vertical são alguns dos itens a serem explorados na determinação da viabilidade de um eventual tratamento compensatório. Os pacientes portadores de discrepância esquelética de Classe III associada a padrão facial vertical, hiperdivergente, com a presença ou tendência à mordida aberta anterior, merecem uma atenção especial. Nesses casos, uma eficiente estratégia de controle vertical deve ser planejada e instituída. OBJETIVO: o presente artigo tem como objetivo ilustrar a evolução de alternativas eficientes para controle vertical em pacientes hiperdivergentes - desde a utilização, em um passado recente, de dispositivos extrabucais na arcada inferior (J-hook), indo até os dias atuais, com o advento da ancoragem esquelética. Já para pacientes com um padrão facial mais equilibrado, a mecânica convencional com elásticos intermaxilares na direção de Classe III, associada à curva de Spee acentuada na arcada superior, reversa na inferior e elásticos verticais na região anterior, continua sendo uma excelente alternativa, desde que haja extrema colaboração na utilização dos elásticos.

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INTRODUCTION: Angle's Class III malocclusion is a dental discrepancy in a sagittal view that may appear or not with an important skeletal discrepancy. Facial esthetics may be affected by this skeletal discrepancy and it is one of the most common complaints of patients who seek orthodontic treatment. Class III treatment, in adults, may be done by compensatory tooth movement, in simple cases, or through an association between orthodontics and orthognathic surgery, in more severe cases. OBJECTIVE: This article describes a non-extraction compensatory Class III treatment case, applying the Tweed-Merrifield mechanical principles with headgear (J-Hook) in the mandibular arch. This case was presented at the V Brazilian Association of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (ABOR) Meeting, it was evaluated by members of Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and obtained third place in the general classification.

INTRODUÇÃO: a má oclusão de Classe III se caracteriza por uma desarmonia dentária anteroposterior, podendo estar ou não acompanhada por discrepâncias esqueléticas. A estética facial pode se apresentar comprometida, em maior ou menor grau, a depender da magnitude da discrepância, constituindo um dos principais fatores motivadores da procura por tratamento ortodôntico. O tratamento da Classe III em pacientes adultos pode ser realizado mediante compensação dentária, nos casos mais simples, ou, em situações mais severas, mediante a associação entre Ortodontia e Cirurgia Ortognática. OBJETIVO: o presente artigo objetiva relatar um caso clínico caracterizado por uma má oclusão de Classe III de Angle, tratado de forma compensatória, com extração dos terceiros molares inferiores, mediante a utilização de aparelhagem extrabucal na arcada inferior (J-hook), aplicando-se princípios da técnica de Tweed-Merrifield. Esse caso foi apresentado no 5º Congresso da Associação Brasileira de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial (ABOR), na categoria "mesa clínica", sendo avaliado por membros do Board Brasileiro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial (BBO) e obtendo o terceiro lugar na classificação geral.

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INTRODUCTION: Laser applications have increased in a variety of dental procedures, especially in surgeries of soft tissues. Radiation is not invasive and is very well tolerated by tissues. CO2 laser acts in small vessels promoting blood coagulation, making it possible to work in a controlled way. Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy often present injuries of gingival hyperplasia, originating esthetical and functional problems. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at evaluating the CO2 laser effectiveness in removal of hyperplasia lesions in gingival papilla regions of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. For this, ten patients were chosen and in these 75 teeth with gingival hyperplasia were identified. Measures from the papilla to incisal edge were performed with the use of a digital caliper. Besides that, the individuals were submitted to previous examinations to the surgical procedure with laser: Full blood count, blood coagulation profile and fasting blood glucose. After this, patients were submitted to the surgery for lesion removal, carried out at the Laser Center of FOUFBA, utilizing a CO2 laser machine (Sharplan 20C, Tel Aviv, Israel). RESULTS: It was showed that laser provided a significant increase (p<0,001) in the distance from the papilla to the incisal edge of the teeth, with no tissue contraction, aspects which were maintained for over two months. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that CO2 laser has proved to be effective in removal of papillary gingival hyperplasia lesions.

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OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess histologic changes after the use of laser phototherapy (LPT) during induced tooth movement with 40 g/F on young adult male rats. BACKGROUND DATA: Hyalinization is a sterile necrosis at the pressure zone of the periodontal ligament observed during the initial stages of the orthodontic movement, and extensive hyaline areas might cause an important delay in the tooth movement. The use of LPT is considered an enhancement factor for bone repair, as it stimulates microcirculation as well as the cellular metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty animals were divided into two groups (n=15), named according to the time of animal death (7, 13, and 19 days). Half of the animals in each group were subjected to irradiation with infrared (IR) laser (λ790 nm, round shaped beam, 40 mW, continuous wave (CW), diameter=2 mm (0.0314 cm(2)), 1.273 W/cm(2), time=2×112 sec+1×275 sec (total time 499 sec), 2×142.6/4.48 J+1×350/11 J, 635.2 J/cm(2)/20 J/ session), during orthodontic movement, the other half were used as nonirradiated controls. After animal death, specimens were sectioned, processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Sirius Red, and were used for semi-quantitative histologic analysis by light microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: We demonstrated that LPT positively affected an important aspect of dental movement; the hyalinization. In the present study, we found a significant reduced expression of hyalinization after 19 days. On irradiated subjects, hyalinization was increased at day 7 with significant reduction at day 13. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to conclude that the use of laser light caused histologic alterations during the orthodontic movement characterized by increased formation of areas of hyalinization at early stages, and late reduction when compared to nonirradiated animals.

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