RESUMO
CONTEXT: Whether playing position influences injury in male academy soccer players (ASPs) is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine if playing position was associated with injury in ASPs. DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING: English, Spanish, Uruguayan, and Brazilian soccer academies. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 369 ASPs from the under-14 to under-23 age groups, classified as post-peak height velocity using maturity offset, and grouped as goalkeepers, lateral defenders, central defenders, lateral midfielders, central midfielders, or forwards. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Injuries were recorded prospectively over 1 season. Injury prevalence proportion (IPP), days missed, and injury incidence rate (IIR, injuries/1000 training or match hours, n = 116) were analyzed according to playing position. RESULTS: No association with playing position was observed for any injury type or location regarding IPP (P ≥ .089) or days missed (P ≥ .235). The IIR was higher in central defenders than in lateral defenders for general (9.30 versus 4.18 injuries/1000 h, P = .009), soft tissue (5.14 versus 1.95 injuries/1000 h, P = .026), and ligament or tendon injuries (2.69 versus 0.56 injuries/1000 h, P = .040). The central versus lateral or forward positions were not associated with IPP (P ≥ .051) or days missed (P ≥ .083), but general IIR was greater in the central position than the lateral or forward positions (8.67 versus 6.12 injuries/1000 h, P = .047). CONCLUSIONS: Academy soccer players' playing positions were not associated with IPP or days missed, but the higher general, soft tissue, and ligament or tendon IIRs in central defenders suggest that this position warrants specific attention regarding injury-prevention strategies. These novel findings highlight the importance of considering training or match exposure when investigating the influence of playing position on injury in ASPs.
Assuntos
Futebol , Brasil , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Futebol/lesõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To identify the most common injury types/locations in high-level male youth soccer players (YSP). DESIGN: Prospective cohort surveillance study. SETTING: Professional soccer club academies. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred and twenty-four high-level male YSP [Under 9 (U9) to U23 year-old age groups] from academies in England, Spain, Uruguay and Brazil. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Injury type, location and severity were recorded during one season. Injury severity was compared between age groups, while injury type and location were compared between nations. RESULTS: Four hundred and forty-three training or match injuries were recorded, giving an injury rate of 0.71 per player. Non-contact injuries were most common (58.5%), with most (44.2%) resolved between 8 and 28 days. Most injuries (75.4%) occurred in the lower limbs, with muscle (29.6%) the most commonly injured tissue. U14 and U16 suffered a greater number of severe injuries relative to U12 and U19/U20/U23/Reserves. Tendon injury rate was higher in Brazil vs. Spain (p < 0.05), with low back/sacrum/pelvis injury rate highest in Spain (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of severe injuries in U14 and U16 suggests YSP injury risk is maturation-dependent. Minimal differences in type and location between high-level YSP from four different countries suggest injury rates in this population are geographically similar.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Auditoria Clínica , Futebol/lesões , Traumatismos dos Tendões/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Inglaterra/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Uruguai/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is an important method of attenuating both respiratory and peripheral effort perceptions, consequently improving neuromuscular performance and resulting in greater improvements in exercise capacity than exercise training alone. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IMT on exercise tolerance, repeated sprint ability (RSA) performance, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) in a cohort of professional male soccer players. METHODS: Twenty-two healthy male professional soccer players (18.3⯱â¯1.4 years; 174.5⯱â¯6.1â¯cm; 70.5â¯kg⯱â¯4.6â¯kg; body fat 10.1⯱â¯4.2%) from a club in the Brazilian first division soccer league participated in this study. IMT consisted of 15 and 30 self-paced inspiratory breaths (each to 50% maximal static inspiratory pressure [P0]) in the 1-and 2-week intervention period, respectively. IMT was performed prior to soccer training (1 sets.d-1; 6â¯d.wk-1) with repeated sprint ability (RSA) assessed pre- and post- the 2-week period of IMT. RESULTS: Statistical analyses identified a significant (pâ¯<â¯0.001) decrease in sprint time post-IMT. Additionally, RSAbest, RSAmean, total sprint time and percentage of RSA performance decrement (RSA % dec) also showed significant decreases (pâ¯<â¯0.0001) post-IMT. Additional measures including MIP and PIF were also significantly elevated (pâ¯<â¯0.0002) following the 2-week period of IMT. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results raise two important issues. Firstly, IMT demonstrated enhanced inspiratory muscle strength in professional soccer players. Secondly, this increase in inspiratory muscle efficiency led to a decrease in sprint time and improved exercise tolerance. We recommend that a standard training protocol be developed and tested in an experimental and control group with a large representative sample.