RESUMO
Culex chrysothorax (Newstead Thomas, 1910) (Diptera: Culicidae) is recognized as the junior secondary homonym of Culex chrysothorax (Peryass, 1908). Both nominal species are currently regarded as nomina dubia (Pecor et al. 1991; Harbach 2018; Wilkerson et al. 2021). Based on critical examination of the lectotype female, the former nominal species, which was treated as species inquirenda by Forattini Sallum (1989), is no longer regarded as a doubtful species, and is found to be conspecific with Cx. trigeminatus Clastrier, 1970. Because it is preoccupied by Cx. chrysothorax (Peryass, 1908), it is placed in synonymy with Cx. trigeminatus, which is transferred from the Educator to the Atratus Group of the subgenus Melanoconion based on morphological features of the female. Culex chrysothorax (Peryass, 1908) is retained in the Educator Group as a nomen dubium. Because the original description of Cx. chrysothorax (Newstead Thomas) likely included misidentified specimens of Cx. theobaldi (Lutz, 1904), a more precise description of the lectotype female is provided.
Assuntos
Culex , Culicidae , Animais , FemininoRESUMO
While adding taxon names to the Systema Dipterorum database (Evenhuis Pape 2021), one of us (NLE) discovered that Humboldt (1819) had spelled the proposed name of a nominal mosquito species in two ways. He described the species, which was found in swampy places along the Magdalena River near Tenerife, Colombia, as Culex cyanopennis on page 340 and afterwards referred to it as Culex cyanopterus on pages 345 and 349. Both names have the same meaning: cyano- (Gr. kyanos, dark blue), pennis (L. penna, feather, wing) and pteron (Gr. feather, wing). The species was named for the perceived color of the wings: "Alæ cæruleæ, splendore semi-metallico " (wings blue, a bright semi-metallic). On page 345, Humboldt states, translated from the French: "We have been informed in the Rio de la Magdalena that in Simitì no other Culex than the jejen [je·jén: Sp., gnat, mosquito] was known in the past. You can spend the night there quietly, because the jejen is not a nocturnal insect. Since the year 1801, the big blue-winged mosquito (Culex cyanopterus) has shown itself in such abundance that the poor inhabitants of Simitì do not know how to get a peaceful sleep." Thus, in addition to having the same meaning, the two names are associated with the same locality.
Assuntos
Culex/classificação , Animais , Colômbia , Idioma , Masculino , Rios , Terminologia como AssuntoRESUMO
Two new species of Sabethes subgenus Sabethinus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Costa Rica are formally named Sa. andreae and Sa. theresae. Descriptions consisting of differential and diagnostic morphological characters are provided for adults, male genitalia and fourth-instar larvae. The male genitalia and the fourth-instar larva and pupa of both species are illustrated. The species are compared with the four previously described species known to occur only in South America, i.e. Sa. idiogenes, Sa. intermedius, Sa. melanonymphe and Sa. xhyphydes. A new country record for Colombia is reported for Sa. xhyphydes and keys are provided to distinguish the adults and larvae of the six species.
Assuntos
Culicidae , Animais , América Central , Costa Rica , Larva , Masculino , PupaRESUMO
Collections of mosquitoes were conducted for the surveillance of species of medical importance in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico, in June of 2017. Species collected included Psorophora (Psorophora) cilipes and Culex (Melanoconion) theobaldi, both new records for the state. Psorophora cilipes was previously recorded in Mexico State and Cx. theobaldi in Chiapas State. With the addition of these species, the mosquito fauna of Quintana Roo State now includes 81 species. Quintana Roo and Tamaulipas State with 82 species are the most mosquito-rich states in Mexico, based on currently available records. The specimens collected in this study were deposited in the Culicidae collection of the Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro Unidad Laguna.
Assuntos
Distribuição Animal , Culicidae , Animais , Culex , MéxicoRESUMO
This essay documents and examines the historical circumstances and events surrounding the discovery of the mode of transmission of yellow fever virus in Cuba. Close scrutiny of the articles published by Walter Reed and his colleagues in 1900, 1901 and 1902 reveals their limitations as historic documents. Fortunately, other sources of information from that period survive in letters and documents written by individuals involved in the quest for the mode of transmission. Examination and comparison of those sources of information unveiled a fascinating story which reveals that misunderstandings engendered by published articles accorded merit where it was not fully due.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/história , Febre Amarela/história , Febre Amarela/transmissão , Animais , Cuba , Culicidae , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Insetos Vetores/virologia , Militares , Estados Unidos , Vírus da Febre Amarela/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Malaria transmission in the Southern Colombian state of Putumayo continues despite the absence of traditional vector species, except for the presence of Anopheles darlingi near the southeastern border with the state of Amazonas. In order to facilitate malaria vector incrimination in Putumayo, 2445 morphologically identified Anopheles females were tested for natural infection of Plasmodium vivax by ELISA. Specimens tested included An. apicimacula (n = 2), An. benarrochi B (n = 1617), An. darlingi (n = 29), An. mattogrossensis (n = 7), An. neomaculipalpus (n = 7), An. oswaldoi (n = 362), An. peryassui (n = 1), An. punctimacula (n = 1), An. rangeli (n = 413), and An. triannulatus (n = 6). Despite being overwhelmingly the most anthropophilic species in the region and comprising 66.1% of the mosquitoes tested, An. benarrochi B was not shown to be a vector. Thirty-five An. rangeli and one An. oswaldoi were naturally infected with P. vivax VK210. Sequence data were generated for the nuclear second internal transcriber space region of 31 of these 36 vivax positive mosquitoes (86.1%) to confirm their morphological identification. An. oswaldoi is known to be a species complex in Latin America, but its internal taxonomy remains unresolved. Herein we show that the An. oswaldoi found in the state of Putumayo is genetically similar to specimens from the state of Amapá in Brazil and from the Ocama region in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela, and that this form harbors natural infections of P. vivax. That An. rangeli and this member of the An. oswaldoi complex are incriminated as malaria vectors in Putumayo, is a novel finding of significance for malaria control in Southern Colombia, and possibly in other areas of Latin America.
Assuntos
Anopheles/parasitologia , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Plasmodium vivax/fisiologia , Animais , Anopheles/classificação , Anopheles/genética , Colômbia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Insetos Vetores/classificação , Insetos Vetores/genética , Malária Vivax/transmissão , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
Malaria transmission in the Southern Colombian state of Putumayo continues despite the absence of traditional vector species, except for the presence of Anopheles darlingi near the southeastern border with the state of Amazonas. In order to facilitate malaria vector incrimination in Putumayo, 2445 morphologically identified Anopheles females were tested for natural infection of Plasmodium vivax by ELISA. Specimens tested included An. apicimacula (n = 2), An. benarrochi B (n = 1617), An. darlingi (n = 29), An. mattogrossensis (n = 7), An. neomaculipalpus (n = 7), An. oswaldoi (n = 362), An. peryassui (n = 1), An. punctimacula (n = 1), An. rangeli (n = 413), and An. triannulatus (n = 6). Despite being overwhelmingly the most anthropophilic species in the region and comprising 66.1 percent of the mosquitoes tested, An. benarrochi B was not shown to be a vector. Thirty-five An. rangeli and one An. oswaldoi were naturally infected with P. vivax VK210. Sequence data were generated for the nuclear second internal transcriber space region of 31 of these 36 vivax positive mosquitoes (86.1 percent) to confirm their morphological identification. An. oswaldoi is known to be a species complex in Latin America, but its internal taxonomy remains unresolved. Herein we show that the An. oswaldoi found in the state of Putumayo is genetically similar to specimens from the state of Amapá in Brazil and from the Ocama region in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela, and that this form harbors natural infections of P. vivax. That An. rangeli and this member of the An. oswaldoi complex are incriminated as malaria vectors in Putumayo, is a novel finding of significance for malaria control in Southern Colombia, and possibly in other areas of Latin America.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Anopheles/parasitologia , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Plasmodium vivax/fisiologia , Anopheles/classificação , Anopheles/genética , Colômbia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Insetos Vetores/classificação , Insetos Vetores/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Malária Vivax/transmissão , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
Apresenta-se lista das espécies da tribo Aedini das Américas Central e do Sul, com a combinacão atual de gêneros. Objetiva-se oferecer subsídios aos entomologistas, pessoas dos servicos de saúde e todos os envolvidos com o controle de mosquitos para torna-los familiarizados mais rapidamente com as alteracões taxonômicas atuais propostas para a tribo.