RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Athletes with disabilities may be at an even greater risk of orofacial trauma than their counterparts, and the risk may vary depending on the type of sports. This study aimed to assess the incidence of sports-related dental injuries and oral health status among Malaysian para-athletes. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess self-reported dental injuries and knowledge of their management. An intraoral examination was performed using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index following the World Health Organization guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 61 para-athletes (men = 90.16%, n = 55; women = 9.84%, n = 6) from different sports categories with different disabilities randomly participated in this study. The incidence of self-reported dental injuries was 18.0% (n = 11), with the most common injury being crown tooth fracture (72.7%) and lip laceration (63.6%). However, the majority of the athletes (70.5%, n = 43) did nothing after experiencing dental trauma, and 82.0% (n = 50) were unaware of the immediate management of dental trauma. Based on the intraoral examination, only 9.8% (n = 6) of the athletes had perfectly sound teeth. The mean total DMFT index was 3.49 ± 2.371, while the mean DMFT index for decayed, missing, and filled teeth was 1.28 ± 1.293, 0.74 ± 0.705, and 1.48 ± 1.120, respectively. The mean DMFT index for decayed, missing, and filled teeth and total DMFT index significantly differed among the types of disabilities (P < .05) but not between the sexes (P > .05). CONCLUSION: The most commonly reported injuries among para-athletes are crown tooth fractures and lip lacerations. The total DMFT index among para-athletes is moderate, emphasising the need for improvements.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas, Cárie Dentária, Paratletas, Fraturas dos Dentes, Masculino, Humanos, Feminino, Estudos Transversais, Saúde Bucal, Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia, Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia, Índice CPORESUMO
The study aimed to compare shrinkage displacements of fully and partially bonded resin composite restorations (RCRs). Two groups (n=5) Class-I RCR evaluated: Group 1 (G1) fully bonded and Group 2 (G2) debonded at the floor. Experimental results were compared with predictions from simple theory and finite element analysis (FEA). The experimental linear surface displacement (LSD) was G1 62.5±5.2 µm and G2 32.8±4.0 µm. Theoretically-predicted LSD for G1 60.1±7.4 µm and G2 31.3±7.5 µm. FEA-predicted LSD were G1 65.2 µm and G2 34.6 µm. The experimental volumetric surface displacement (VSD) was G1 1.22±0.2 mm3 and G2 0.63±0.2 mm3. Theoretically-predicted VSD for G1 1.36±0.2 mm3 and G2 0.67±0.2 mm3. No significant difference (p>0.05) was found in LSD and VSD among the experimental, theoretical and FEA in the same group. Significant differences (p<0.05) were noted between the two groups, with LSD and VSD of G2 values being almost half of G1. This pattern gave an insight of a debond restoration characteristics.
RESUMO
This overview was conducted to highlight the importance of adequate oral hygiene for patients severely affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). These are patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) to receive oxygen through mechanical ventilation due to severe pneumonia as a complication of COVID-19. Various dental plaque removal methods for ventilated patients were discussed with regard to their efficacy. The use of chemical agents was also considered to determine which one might be proposed as the best choice. Also, oral care programs or systems that can be implemented by ICU nurses or staff in the case of these ventilated patients were suggested based on evidence from the literature. These interventions aim to reduce microbial load in dental plaque/biofilm in the oropharynx as well as the aspiration of the contaminated saliva in order to prevent the transmission of the dental plaque bacteria to the lungs or other distant organs, and reduce the mortality rate.
Assuntos
COVID-19, Placa Dentária, Placa Dentária/prevenção & controle, Humanos, Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, Respiração Artificial, SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
PURPOSE: This research is designed to obtain a better understanding and provide more insight of this phenomenon through evaluating the prevalence of congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors in a Syrian population. METHODS: The method involved clinical examination of 8000 school children with an equal number of males and females (age range 12-15 years) to identify students only affected by bilateral or unilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors. Agenesis was determined based on radiological evidence. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of isolated maxillary lateral incisors agenesis was 1.15%. In the sample studied, 66.3% of the patients were female and 33.7% were male (p < 0.05). Absence was bilateral in 47.8% of patients and unilateral in 52.2%. Of the unilateral cases, 48% occurred on the right side and 52% on the left side, and the contralateral maxillary incisor was found to be microdont in 43.75%, right lateral in 47.6%, and left lateral in 52.4%. CONCLUSION: The results of this study allow the conclusion that the prevalence of isolated maxillary lateral incisors agenesis in a Syrian population is within the average range with regard to other populations. A significant familial component to the etiology of maxillary lateral incisors agenesis was found.
Assuntos
Anodontia/epidemiologia, Anodontia/genética, Incisivo/anormalidades, Adolescente, Saúde do Adolescente/estatística & dados numéricos, Distribuição por Idade, Anodontia/diagnóstico, Criança, Feminino, Predisposição Genética para Doença/epidemiologia, Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética, Humanos, Masculino, Prevalência, Fatores de Risco, Distribuição por Sexo, Síria/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to systematically review the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the management of oral premalignant lesions. METHODS: The addressed focused question was "Is PDT effective in the management of oral premalignant lesions?" PubMed/Medline, Google-Scholar, EMBASE and ISI Web of Knowledge databases were searched from 1984 till June 2014 using different combinations of the following keywords: photodynamic therapy; oral premalignant lesions; leukoplakia; erythroplakia; erythro-leukoplakia; verrucous hyperplasia; and submucous fibrosis. Review articles, experimental studies, case-reports, commentaries, letters to the Editor, unpublished articles and articles published in languages other than English were not sought. The pattern of the present study was customized to mainly summarize the relevant information. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included. In these studies, the number of patients ranged between 5 patients and 147 individuals with mean ages ranging between 51 years and 62.2 years. Oral premalignant lesions, which were investigated were leukoplakia, erythroplakia, erythro-leukoplakia and verrucous hyperplasia. Reported number of premalignant lesions ranged between 5 and 225. Laser wavelength, duration of irradiation and power density were 585-660nm, 60s to 16.6min and 100-150mW/cm(2), respectively. Aminolevulinic acid, chlorine-e6, meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin and photofrin were used as photosensitizer. The frequency of PDT application ranged between once and 12 times. Complete, partial and no response to PDT was shown by 27-100%, 5-50% and 0-25% of pre-malignant lesions, respectively. The recurrence rate of pre-malignant lesions was up to 36%. CONCLUSION: PDT is effective in the overall management of oral premalignant lesions.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico, Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia, Fotoquimioterapia/estatística & dados numéricos, Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico, Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/tratamento farmacológico, Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/epidemiologia, Feminino, Humanos, Masculino, Pessoa de Meia-Idade, Prevalência, Fatores de Risco, Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This was a retrospective cohort study undertaken to assess the rate and pattern of dental caries development in 6-year-old school children followed-up for a period of 5 years, and to identify baseline risk factors that were associated with 5 years caries experience in Malaysian children. METHODS: This 5-years retrospective cohort study comprised primary school children initially aged 6 years in 2004. Caries experience of each child was recorded annually using World Health Organization criteria. The rates of dental caries were recorded in prevalence and incidence density of carious lesions from baseline to final examination. Risk assessment was done to assess relative risk for caries after 5 years in children with baseline caries status. Simple and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to identify significant independent risk factors for caries. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 1830 school children. All components of DMFT showed significant differences between baseline and final examination. Filled teeth (FT) component of the DMFT showed the greatest increases. Results revealed the initial baseline caries level in permanent dentition was a strong predictor for future caries after 5 years (RR=3.78, 95% CI=3.48-4.10, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed significant association between caries occurrence and residence (urban/rural) (OR=1.80, P<0.001). However, it was not significantly associated with gender and ethnicity. The incidence density of caries, affected persons (IDp) observed from baseline and after 5 years was 5.80 persons/100 person-year of observation. The rate of new caries-affected tooth (IDt) in the period from baseline and after 5-years was 0.76 teeth/100 teeth-year of observation. CONCLUSION: The majority of 12-year-old school children (70%) were caries-free and most of the caries were concentrated in only a small proportion (30%) of them. We found that the presence of caries in permanent teeth at the age of 6 years was a strong predictor of future caries development in this population. The strong evidence of early permanent teeth caries at six years old to predict future caries incidence at 12-year-olds, which could be obtained at almost no cost, questions the need for and cost-effectiveness of expensive technology-based commercial caries predictions kits.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia, Criança, Feminino, Seguimentos, Humanos, Malásia/epidemiologia, Masculino, Estudos Retrospectivos, Medição de Risco, Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has high local recurrence, partly caused by the lack of clear margin identification on surgical removal of cancerous tissues. Direct visualization by immunostaining and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in tissue sections gives more definite information about genetic damage at margins with appropriately selected biomarkers. AIMS: To determine the usefulness of immunohistochemical techniques and FISH of the tumour suppressor TP 53 gene to identify microinvasion in marginal tissue sections and to relate the possible correlation between protein expression and genetic aberrations in OSCC cases in Malaysia. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and FISH of TP 53 genes were applied on 26 OSCC formalin fixed paraffin embed (FFEP) blocks selected from two oral cancer referral centers in Malaysia. RESULTS: For p53 protein immunohistochemistry, 96% of the 26 OSCC studied showed positive immunostaining at the excision margins. In FISH assay, 48.9±9.7% of the cancerous cells were monoploid for p53 probe signals, 41.0±9.5 % were diploid, and 10.2±7.8 % were polyploid. A correlation between p53 immunostaining and TP53 gene aberrations was noted (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 protein expression and FISH of TP53 gene could be applied as screening tool for microinvasion of OSCC.
