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1.
Rev. med. Risaralda ; 28(2): 177-186, jul.-dic. 2022. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424173

RESUMO

Resumen El levamisol es un antiparasitario de uso veterinario que actualmente es empleado para aumentar el volumen y la potencia de la cocaína. La mezcla de estas dos sustancias puede causar un cuadro caracterizado por lesiones propias de la cocaína, como la afección del cartílago septal con perforación del tabique nasal, y vasculitis cutánea de pequeños vasos con afectación de los pabellones auriculares y del cartílago nasal, afección conocida como vasculitis inducida por cocaína-levamisol (VICOL) que puede avanzar a necrosis e incluso ulceraciones cutáneas, asociadas a agranulocitosis, artralgias y glomerulonefritis . En el presente artículo se describe el caso de un paciente con historia de consumo de sustancias en quien se encontraron lesiones purpúricas palpables en miembros superiores, tronco, pabellones auriculares y miembros inferiores. Se consideró una clínica sugestiva de VICOL dado el antecedente de consumo de sustancias. En el proceso diagnóstico se descartaron entidades como la vasculitis por anticuerpos contra el citoplasma de los neutrófilos (ANCAs) y crioglobulinemia, entre otras posibles afecciones. Se llevó a cabo un tratamiento con esteroides y con ello presentó una respuesta adecuada, pero luego recurrieron los síntomas, particularmente abdominales, los cuales se consideraron asociados con vasculitis. Se le brindó manejo adicional con ciclofosfamida y nuevos pulsos de esteroides, con que se logró el control total de los síntomas. A través este caso se resaltan entonces los ejercicios diagnósticos y clínicos en la vasculitis cocaína- levamisol, y se sugiere la consideración de los síntomas abdominales como posible componente del cuadro vasculítico.


Abstract Levamisole is an antiparasitic agent for veterinary use. Currently it is used to increase the volume and potency of cocaine. Levamisole and cocaine combined result in the septum nasal perforation and small-vessel vasculitis in the ears and nasal cartilage. These findings are known as cocaine levamisole-induced vasculitis and can progress to necrosis and even skin ulceration, which is associated with agranulocytosis, arthralgia, and glomerulonephritis. This article describes the case of a patient with a history of substance abuse in whom palpable purpuric lesions were found in the upper and lower limbs, trunk, and ears. A clinical condition suggestive of vasculitis induced by cocaine-levamisole was considered, given the history of substance consumption. In the diagnostic process, entities such as Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodiy (ANCA) vasculitis and cryoglobulinemia, among other possible conditions, were ruled out. Steroid treatment was carried out, to which the patient had an adequate response, but then symptoms recurred, particularly abdominal, which were associated with vasculitis. Additional management with cyclophosphamide and new steroid pulses were provided, and with those symptom control was achieved. In this case report highlights the diagnostic and clinical exercises in cocaine levamisole vasculitis and is suggested the consideration of abdominal symptoms as a possible component of the vasculitis flare.

2.
P R Health Sci J ; 35(4): 209-214, 2016 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27898167

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed for pain and inflammation. NSAIDs are associated with serious adverse effects and cardiovascular (CV) risks that include myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure. In the period of time immediately after a CV event, modification to the drug therapy regimen and lifestyle habits should be instituted to decrease morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to measure the prevalence of NSAIDs prescribing in the immediate 90 days after a CV-related hospitalization in Medicaid beneficiaries in Puerto Rico. METHODS: Hospitalization claims were used to identify beneficiaries with a CVrelated hospitalization during the study period, and pharmacy claims were used to evaluate the occurrence of NSAIDs prescribing post-discharge. RESULTS: A total of 4,195 beneficiaries with at least one CV-related hospitalization were identified. Out of these beneficiaries, 774 (18.5%) had at least one pharmacy claim for an NSAID post discharge, and 401 (9.6%) had at least one pharmacy claim for an NSAID within 90 days post-discharge. The average time span between the discharge date and the first NSAID claim was 135 days. CONCLUSION: Almost 20% of all beneficiaries who were hospitalized for a CV event received an NSAID during the study period, with 10% of patients receiving it during the immediate 90 days post-discharge. It represents a major challenge for our healthcare system, as it may reflect unawareness on the impact of proved evidence in clinical decision making.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Hospitalização , Medicaid , Doenças Cardiovasculares/terapia , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Porto Rico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Estados Unidos
3.
Breast Cancer (Auckl) ; 10: 5-11, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26917965

RESUMO

NGcGM3 ganglioside is a tumor-specific antigen expressed in human breast tumors. The NGcGM3/VSSP vaccine, consisting in very small-sized proteoliposomes (VSSP) obtained by the incorporation of NGcGM3 into the outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria meningitidis, has been previously tested in a Phase II trial in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) but emulsified with Montanide ISA 51. An Expanded Access study was carried out in MBC patients aiming to find if a nonemulsive formulation of NGcGM3/VSSP, without Montanide ISA 51, could be more safe and effective. A total of 104 patients were vaccinated with the nonemulsive formulation (900 µg), subcutaneously (SC), or with the emulsive formulation (200 µg), intramuscularly (IM). An intent-to-treat analysis of efficacy was performed with all patients, and 93 patients were split off according to the site of metastases (visceral/nonvisceral). Of note, SC-treated patients exhibited a superior median overall survival (OS) than IM-treated patients (23.6 vs. 8.2 months; log rank P = 0.001). Even though in the subset of patients with nonvisceral metastases SC vaccination duplicated the median OS compared to the alternative option (31.6 vs. 16.5 months), this difference did not reach statistical significance (log rank P = 0.118). Curiously, in patients with visceral metastases, the advantage of the nonemulsive formulation was more apparent (median OS 21.0 vs. 6.2 months; log rank P = 0.005). The vaccine was safe for both formulations.

4.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-757881

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de dentición funcional (DF) y su distribución a través de diversas variables clínicas, sociodemográficas y socioeconómicas de una muestra de ancianos mexicanos. Material y métodos En un estudio transversal se incluyeron 139 adultos de 60 años y más de 2 asilos y un club de ancianos de la ciudad de Pachuca, Hidalgo, México. La variable dependiente fue la dentición funcional; operacionalmente categorizada como: 0 = sujetos con menos de 21 dientes presentes en la boca y 1 = sujetos con 21 o más dientes en la boca, excluyendo prótesis. Las variables sociodemográficas, socioeconómicas y conductuales se recogieron a través de un cuestionario. Las variables clínicas fueron recabadas por un examinador capacitado y estandarizado. El análisis se realizó utilizando pruebas no paramétricas en Stata. Resultados El promedio de edad fue de 79,06 +/- 9,78. La mayoría de los sujetos incluidos fueron mujeres (69,1 por ciento). La prevalencia de dentición funcional fue de 10,1 por ciento. En el análisis bivariado observamos lo siguiente: los sujetos con DF tuvieron menor edad (p < 0,05); entre las mujeres se observó mayor prevalencia de DF (p < 0,05); las personas con pareja presentaron más alto porcentaje de DF (p < 0,05); la prevalencia de DF fue diferente a través de los tipos de asilamiento (p < 0,05). Conclusiones Los datos sugieren una baja prevalencia de dentición funcional en esta muestra de adultos mayores. Este estudio demuestra que la DF varía en función de variables sociodemográficas.


Objective: To determine the prevalence of functional teeth (FT) and their distribution using clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic variables in a sample of Mexican elderly. Material and methods This cross-sectional study of 139 adults aged 60 years and older was conducted in two nursing homes and one club in Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. The dependent variable was FT, and participants were operationally categorised as 0 (having less than 21 teeth) or 1 (having 21 or more teeth). Those categorised as 1 comprised the FT group. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and behavioural variables were collected using a questionnaire. Clinical variables were collected by a trained examiner using a standardised examination. Analysis was performed using non-parametric tests in Stata. Results The mean age was 79.06 +/- 9.78 years. Most (69.1 percent) of the participants were women. The prevalence of FT was 10.1 percent. In the bivariate analysis, it was observed that the FT group was younger (p < .05), women displayed a greater prevalence of FT than men (p < .05), as did those involved in a relationship compared to being single (p < .05), and FT prevalence differed by type of isolation (p < .05). Conclusions The prevalence of FT is low among nursing home residents and club members, and it varies with age, sex, relationship status, and type of isolation.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Dentição , Saúde Bucal , Estudos Transversais , México , Análise Multivariada , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos
5.
Rev. cuba. farm ; 40(1)ene.-abr. 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-446769

RESUMO

El factor de transferencia (Hebertrans) constituye un inmunoestimulante que se emplea en una amplia gama de enfermedades. Su seguridad ha sido evaluada en los ensayos clínicos pre-registro, pero no así en investigaciones poscomercialización, por tal motivo se realizó un estudio observacional y multicéntrico de vigilancia activa, en pacientes tratados con factor de transferencia en 11 hospitales de la Ciudad de La Habana , para identificar los eventos presentados durante el tratamiento, así como clasificarlos según su causalidad y gravedad. La información fue recogida por el médico inmunólogo de cada hospital y supervisada por el farmacoepidemiólogo hospitalario. Durante el tratamiento se obtuvo información de 387 pacientes y se reportaron 133 eventos en 86 casos (22,2 por ciento). Los más frecuentes fueron fiebre, dolor y eritema en el sitio de la inyección, cefalea y diarrea; el 92,5 por ciento de los eventos observados fueron leves. El 27,8 por ciento se clasificó como definitivamente provocados por el fármaco, estos últimos relacionados con la vía de administración. El factor de transferencia resultó un medicamento seguro en los pacientes observados


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Farmacoepidemiologia , Fator de Transferência
6.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 8(2): 87-90, Mayo-Ago. 2000. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-970853

RESUMO

Introducción: la depresión es uno de los trastornos frecuentes en el adulto mayor. Objetivo: identificar las características de la misma en pacientes senescentes con enfermedad crónica. Material y métodos: encuesta poblacional, transversal, con aplicación de escala que identificó grados de depresión en derecho habientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social ­mayores de 65 años y con enfermedad crónica­. Variables: sexo, estado civil, dependencia física y económica, composición familiar, escolaridad y ocupación. Se contrastaron las diferencias con pruebas no paramétricas. Resultados: se estudiaron 123 pacientes (51 hombres y 72 mujeres) 20.5% no tuvo depresión, 32.5% depresión leve, 44.5% depresión media y 2.5% depresión severa. Al contrastar los deprimidos con los no deprimidos, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a sexo, estado civil, dependencia económica, escolaridad, ocupación y patología de fondo. Se observó significancia estadística en cuanto a la dependencia física, con énfasis en el grupo que cursó con depresión media y leve (p<0.001). Discusión: la única característica que parece tener relación con la depresión es la dependencia física. No se logró demostrar la presencia de otros factores estudiados.


Introduction: the depression, in the older patient is a frequent disease, it is more frequent in female with loss of the personal autonomy and economic dependence. Objective: Identify the characteristics and type of depression in the older patient, with chronic illness. Material and methods: survey poblacional, transversal, applying scale to identify degrees of depression, in patient affiliated to the Social Security, with 65 years or more both sexs and with chronic illness. Sex, civil state, economic and physical dependence, family composition, school degree, and occupation were studied; 51 male (41.5%) and 72 female (58.5%), according to the scale utilized in the patients didn't have depression; 40 (32.5%) of the patients had light, 55 (44.5%) moderate depression and 3 (2.5%) severe depression. Upon resisting patients depressed with the not depressed, no significant difference were founds for sex, civil state, economic dependence, school degree, occupation and pathology. It was found statistical significance in the physical dependence, with emphasis at moderate depression and light depression (p<0.001). Discussion: the only factor that could have relation with the depression is the physical dependence, it was not achieved to show that the other factors be presents.


Assuntos
Idoso , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Enfermagem , Depressão , Questionário de Saúde do Paciente , Hospitais Públicos , México
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