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El carcinosarcoma es un tumor poco frecuente que se presenta principalmente en el tracto genital femenino. Su característica más importante es la presencia sincrónica de un componente epitelial maligno (carcinoma) y un componente mesenquimal maligno (sarcoma). Estudios recientes demuestran que la mayoría de las veces el componente sarcomatoso se origina de una diferenciación metaplásica del componente epitelial. Debido a su poca frecuencia, no se conoce con certeza la relación entre las distintas presentaciones histológicas con los posibles factores de riesgo asociados, el pronóstico y la respuesta terapéutica. En este trabajo se reportaron las características histopatológicas y la expresión inmunohistoquímica de un caso de carcinosarcoma uterino en una paciente de 73 años que se presentó inicialmente como una masa cervical. El patrón microscópico documentado fue el de un tumor epitelial de bajo grado asociado a un componente mesenquimal con diferenciación rabdomiosarcomatosa (inmunohistoquímica positiva para desmina y miogenina). La documentación fenotípica es importante para en un futuro desarrollar posibles opciones terapéuticas dirigidas a los distintos patrones histológicos y determinar su posible asociación con factores de riesgo. (provisto por Infomedic International)

Carcinosarcoma is a rare tumor occurring mainly in the female genital tract. Its most important characteristic is the synchronous presence of a malignant epithelial component (carcinoma) and a malignant mesenchymal component (sarcoma). Recent studies show that most of the time the sarcomatous component originates from a metaplastic differentiation of the epithelial component. Due to its infrequency, the relationship between the different histologic presentations with possible associated risk factors, prognosis and therapeutic response is not known with certainty. In this paper we report the histopathologic features and immunohistochemical expression of a case of uterine carcinosarcoma in a 73-year-old female patient who initially presented as a cervical mass. The microscopic pattern documented was that of a low-grade epithelial tumor associated with a mesenchymal component with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation (positive immunohistochemistry for desmin and myogenin). Phenotypic documentation is important for future development of possible therapeutic options targeting the different histologic patterns and determining their possible association with risk factors. (provided by Infomedic International)

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Resumen La localización extranodal gastrointestinal del linfoma de Hodgkin comprende el 5% de todos los linfomas. Dentro de este grupo, el linfoma anal primario representa menos del 0,05%, siendo por tanto una entidad extremadamente rara. Por otro lado, los tumores neuroendocrinos son un grupo heterogéneo de neoplasias relativamente poco frecuentes, pero de localización fundamentalmente digestiva. La asociación entre un linfoma de Hodgkin de localización anal y un tumor neuroendocrino intestinal no ha sido descrita previamente en la literatura, pero no es en absoluto raro que los tumores neuroendocrinos puedan coexistir con otro tipo de neoplasias. Los autores presentan el caso infrecuente de presentación de linfoma Hodgkin de localización anal asociado a un tumor neuroendocrino intestinal en una paciente mujer de 74 años, describiéndose la clínica, resultados de pruebas complementarias y tratamiento recibido.

Abstract Extranodal gastrointestinal Hodgkin's lymphoma comprises 5% of all lymphomas. In this group, primary rectal lymphoma represents less than 0.05%; thus, it is an extremely rare entity. On the other hand, neuroendocrine tumors are a heterogeneous group of infrequent neoplasms, mainly of digestive location. The association between a rectal Hodgkin's lymphoma and an intestinal neuroendocrine tumor has not been previously described in the literature, but it is not at all uncommon for neuroendocrine tumors to coexist with other types of neoplasms. The authors present a rare case of rectal Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with an intestinal neuroendocrine tumor in a 74-year-old female patient, describing the symptoms, complementary test results, and treatment.

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Abstract Background: The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative has proven to be effective to increase exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding. Material and methods: Longitudinal study, in two hospitals of second level, in the period from 2015 to 2018. A percentage above 85% in each step was considered acceptable. The statistical analysis was descriptive using student's t test to compare the mean between the two hospitals and ANOVA to compare the mean throughout time in SPSS v.25. Results: Steps 1 and 7 were different between the hospitals with p = 0.010 and p = 0.023, respectively. In the follow-up, General Zone Hospital No. 5 kept steps 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, and 9 above 85%, while those who did not were steps 4, 5, 6, and 10, p = 0.37. Steps of General Hospital No. 15 that remained over 85% were 1, 3, 7, and 9; those that oscillated over time with a <85% rating were steps 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10, p = 0.003. Conclusion: Monitoring child-friendly hospitals allow us to observe areas of opportunity to strengthen training for both clinical and non-clinical staff, pregnant women, the general population, and to improve exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding.

Resumen Introducción: La Iniciativa Hospital Amigo del Niño y la Niña ha probado ser efectiva para mejorar la lactancia materna exclusiva y prolongada. Material y métodos: Estudio longitudinal, en dos hospitales de segundo nivel, en el periodo de 2015 a 2018. Un porcentaje superior al 85% en cada paso se consideró aceptable. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo, utilizando la prueba t de Student para comparar las medias entre los dos hospitales y el análisis de la varianza para compararlas a lo largo del tiempo empleando el programa SPSS v.25. Resultados: Los pasos 1 y 7 variaron entre los hospitales (con p = 0.010 y p = 0.023, respectivamente). En el seguimiento, el Hospital General de Zona (HGZ) 5 mantuvo los pasos 1, 2, 3, 7, 8 y 9 por encima del 85%, y < 85% los pasos 4, 5, 6 y 10 (p = 0.37). Las medidas del HGZ 15 que se mantuvieron > 85% fueron 1, 3, 7 y 9; aquellos que oscilaron a lo largo del tiempo con una calificación < 85% fueron los pasos 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 y 10 (p = 0.003). Conclusión: Estos seguimientos permiten observar áreas de oportunidad para reforzar la capacitación al personal clínico y no clínico como a las mujeres embarazadas, a la población en general y para mejorar la lactancia materna exclusiva y prolongada.

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Aspergillus flavipes FP-500 is a Mexican native strain that has been reported as a good producer of xylanases and pectinases; therefore, it promises a strong impact on biotechnology. To provide an overview of protein secretion by A. flavipes, we carried out a comparative proteome analysis of extracellular proteins in liquid cultures with two heterogeneous agro-industrial residues; corn cob (CC) and wheat bran (WB), as carbon sources. Extracellular proteins obtained from both cultures were identified using MS/MS spectrometry. We identified 134 proteins, which were classified into four groups: glycosyl hydrolases (GH), esterases/proteases, miscellaneous proteins, and unidentified proteins. Around 50% of the total proteins identified were GH such as xylanases, ß-xylosidases, ß-galactosidases, cellulolytic enzymes like ß-glucosidase, endoglucanases, and cellobiohydrolases. From this family, a core of 22 (16%) of the proteins identified were found in both substrates, CC and WB, whereas 30% and 54% were unique for CC and WB, respectively. In the esterases/proteases group, proteases, lipases and esterases like feruloylesterases, and acetyl-xylanesterase were identified. Proteins with diverse functions such as monophosphate dehydrogenase or N-acetylglucosaminidase were present. Here, we present strong evidences indicating that the composition and heterogeneity of the used carbon source determine the specific set of protein secreted by the fungus.

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La pancreatitis aguda o crónica puede resultar en lesiones del conducto pancreático, además, la corrosión por el jugo pancreático puede provocar la ruptura de la pared vascular periférica, lo que conduce a hemosuccus pancreático (HP) definido como el sangrado del conducto pancreático a través de la ampolla de Vater. El sangrado suele ser intermitente, repetitivo y, a menudo, no lo suficientemente grave, como para causar inestabilidad hemodinámica. La mayoría de los pacientes tiene antecedentes de enfermedades pancreáticas originales y cuando esto no se cumple, debe incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial para alcohólicos crónicos con hemorragia digestiva alta intermitente. Presentamos una forma clínica atípica en un paciente masculino de 55 años de edad, con antecedentes de HTA, alcoholismo y aneurisma de la aorta abdominal, quien consultó por dolor tipo cólico en abdomen superior, náuseas y vómitos; luego se asoció disminución del estado de conciencia, alternando con episodios de agitación psicomotriz y primo convulsión generalizada. Una vez ingresado, sucedieron varios episodios de melena. La tomografía abdominal mostró aumento de tamaño y densidad (unidades hounsfield de 58-61) en cabeza y cuerpo del páncreas, por lo que se realizó una angiografía abdominal con protocolo de páncreas y se evidenció doble lesión aneurismática de la arteria esplénica y la arteria gástrica. Falleció en el postoperatorio(AU)

Acute or chronic pancreatitis can result in lesions of the pancreatic duct; in addition, corrosion by the pancreatic juice can cause the rupture of the peripheral vascular wall, which leads to pancreatic hemosuccus defined as bleeding from the pancreatic duct through the Vater ampulla. Bleeding is often intermittent, repetitive, and often not severe enough to cause hemodynamic instability. Most of the cases have a history of strictly pancreatic original diseases, when this is not the case, the PH should be included in the differential diagnosis for chronic alcoholics with intermittent upper gastrointestinal bleeding, We report here an atypical presentation in a 55-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension, alcoholism and an abdominal aortic aneurysm. He consulted for colicky abdominal pain in the upper abdomen, nausea and vomiting; subsequently he presented decreased consciousness, alternating with episodes of psychomotor agitation and generalized seizures. Once hospitalized he had several bouts of melena. The abdominal tomography showed an increase in the size and density (hounsfield units of 58-61) of the head and body of the pancreas. An abdominal angiography with a pancreas protocol was performed, which evidenced a double aneurismal lesion of the splenic and gastric arteries. The patient died after surgery(AU)

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Resumen El linfoma MALT es una forma poco frecuente de linfoma no Hodking de células B de bajo grado, que se desarrolla a expensas del tejido linfoide de las membranas mucosas. La localización más frecuente a nivel gastrointestinal es el estómago relacionando con la infección por Helicobacter pylori. El linfoma MALT colónico es una entidad extremadamente rara y cuya incidencia no supera el 5% de los casos en países asiáticos, con series porcentualmente menores al 2,5%, siendo la ubicación de este tipo de linfoma la más inusual de todo el tracto digestivo en comparación con otras neoplasias malignas que afectan al colon. Los autores exponen el caso infrecuente de presentación de linfoma tipo MALT de localización colónica en un paciente varón de 51 años, describiendo la clínica, los resultados de pruebas complementarias y el tratamiento recibido por el paciente.

Abstract MALT lymphoma is a rare form of low-grade non-Hodking B-cell lymphoma, which develops at the expense of lymphoid tissue of the mucous membranes. The most frequent location at the gastrointestinal level is the stomach related to the infection by Helicobacter pylori. Colonic MALT lymphoma is an extremely rare entity and the incidence of which does not exceed 5% of cases in Asian countries, with a series of less than 2.5%, with the location of this type of lymphoma being the most unusual of the entire digestive tract compared to other malignant neoplasms that affect the colon. The authors present the infrequent case of presentation of MALT-type lymphoma of colonic location in a 51-year-old male patient, describing the clinic, the results of complementary tests and the treatment received by the patient.

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La gangrena de Fournier es una fascitis necrotizante perineal grave atribuida a la acción sinérgica de diversos patógenos asociados a factores predisponentes del huésped, como la inmunosupresión. A pesar de que se han descripto manifestaciones extraintestinales de salmonelosis, es infrecuente su identificación como agente causal de infecciones de partes blandas; menos común aún es su implicación en la gangrena de Fournier. Nuestro objetivo es describir la presentación, manejo y desenlace de un caso de gangrena de Fournier con cultivos positivos para Salmonella enteritidis.

Fournier's Gangrene is a severe perineal necrotizing fasciitis attributed to the synergistic action of various pathogens associated with host predisposing factors, such as immunosuppression. Although extraintestinal manifestations of salmonellosis have been described, its identification as a causative agent of soft tissue infections is infrequent and its involvement in the Fournier's Gangrene is even less common. Our objective is to describe the presentation, management and outcome of a Fournier's Gangrene case with positive cultures for Salmonella enteritidis.

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Resumen El carcinoma neuroendocrino (CNE) es una entidad infrecuente encontrándose usualmente al diagnóstico en estadios avanzados. El tratamiento suele ser combinado, quirúrgico junto a quimiorradioterapia. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 73 años estudiada por síndrome constitucional y rectorragias. Tras completar estudios fue diagnosticada de CNE rectal pobremente diferenciado a 5 cm del margen anal con adenopatías mesorrectales. Inicio quimioterapia de inducción con respuesta parcial y se realizó resección anterior de recto ultrabaja con anastomosis primaria e ileostomia en asa derivativa, con histología de CNE de células grandes pT2N0 Mx. Posteriormente recibió quimioterapia adyuvante. El CNE rectal es una neoplasia rara, presente entre la 4o-7o década de la vida y con sintomatología similar al adenocarcinoma colorrectal, siendo un tumor poco diferenciado y muy agresivo. El papel de la neo adyuvancia es fundamental dado que suele ser una enfermedad avanzada al diagnóstico, disminuye el tamaño del tumor primario y permite realizar posteriormente resecciones oncológicas.

Abstract Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NC) is an infrequent pathology that is usually found in the advanced stages. The treatment is surgery, and combined chemotherapy andradiotherapy. A 73-year old woman was being studied for constitutional syndrome and rectal bleeding. After which, she was diagnosed with a poorly differentiated rectal NC, 5 cm from de anal margin with mesorectal lymph nodes. Induction chemotheraphy was started with partial response. A low anterior resection of rectum was performed with primary anastomoses and diverting loop ileostomy. The histology result was a large-cell NC, staged as pT2N0 Mx. She then received adjuvant chemotherapy. Rectal NC is infrequent, and usually presents between the fourth and seventh decade of life. Its symptoms are similar to colorectal adenocarcinoma, but it has a lower grade of differentiation, and is more aggressive. Neoadjuvant treatment is essential as it usually a metastatic disease at diagnosis, and helps to decrease the tumor size, and allows oncological surgery to be performed later.

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Resumen Mujer infértil, de 39 años, con diagnóstico de disminución de la reserva ovárica. Tenía 4 intentos previos de fertilización in vitro, sin éxito. Se le realizó fertilización in vitro con donación de óvulos. Fueron transferidos 2 embriones, y la paciente resultó embarazada. Dos semanas después se efectuó un ultrasonido vaginal y se encontró un saco gestacional intrauterino, con embrión y actividad cardiaca. El embarazo evolucionó bien hasta 3 semanas después de la prueba de embarazo, cuando presentó dolor en la fosa iliaca izquierda. Al revisarla se encontró resistencia muscular y rebote en la zona referida. Se efectuó un ultrasonido vaginal y se encontró un feto intrauterino con actividad cardiaca y embarazo ectópico tubario izquierdo. A la paciente se le practicó una laparotomía con incisión Pfannenstiel y se le realizó una salpingectomía izquierda. Después de la cirugía, fue tratada con inhibidores de las contracciones uterinas. El embarazo evolucionó satisfactoriamente hasta la semana 35, cuando presentó ruptura prematura de membranas. Se le realizó una cesárea y se obtuvo un producto masculino que pesó 2,500 g. El recién nacido desarrolló síndrome de dificultad respiratoria leve e hipertensión de la arteria pulmonar, que fueron tratados con agente surfactante y sildenafil; se le egresó en buenas condiciones.

Abstract We present the case of a 39-year-old infertile woman with the diagnosis of diminished ovarian reserve and a history of four previous attempts of in vitro fertilization, which were unsuccessful. She was treated by means of in vitro fertilization with oocyte donation, two embryos being transferred. Two weeks after embryo transfer, the pregnancy test was positive. Two weeks later a vaginal ultrasound was performed, finding an intrauterine gestational sac, within which an embryo with cardiac beat was detected. The pregnancy had a normal evolution until three weeks after the pregnancy test when the patient presented with left-sided lower abdominal pain. On examination, guarding and rebound signs in the left iliac fossa were positive. A vaginal ultrasound was performed, encountering both an intrauterine fetus with cardiac beat and a left tubal ectopic pregnancy. The patient was treated by means of Pfannenstiel incision laparotomy with a left salpingectomy. After surgery, the patient was treated with uterine contractility inhibitors. The pregnancy progressed without complications until the thirty-fifth week, when the patient presented premature rupture of membranes. A cesarean section was performed obtaining a live male, weighing 2500g. The newborn developed mild respiratory distress and pulmonary artery hypertension, for which a surfactant agent and sildenafil were administered. He was deemed healthy and egressed.

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Mexico is a megadiverse country that has 3,600 to 4,000 species of medicinal plants, of which approximately 800 are used to treat conditions related to diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is a chronic degenerative disease of energy metabolism that exists as two types: type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2). DM is considered a public health problem that affects 7% of the Mexican population older than 20 years. DM is clinically controlled with hypoglycaemic drugs, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin secretion stimulants or the direct application of insulin. The hypoglycaemic effectiveness of specific molecules has been determined only for some medicinal plants in Mexico used to treat DM2. The presence of molecules called glucokinins, wich are similar to animal insulin molecules, has been reported in some plant species; glucokinins act as both growth factors and regulators of glucose metabolism in plants. Therefore, we hypothesized that the hypoglycaemic effectiveness of some of the popularly used species for the control of DM could be due to the presence of glucokinin, as reported for Bauhinia variegata. The goal of this work was to use histochemistry to detect, the accumulation of protein that is immunocytochemically compatible with glucokinin in slide sections of hypoglycaemic species used as remedies for DM2. The top fourteen most used medicinal plants in Mexico were selected for study via microscopic sections. Proteins were histochemically detected using naphthol blue black and Johansen's quadruple stain, and the immunocytochemical correspondence of the proteins with glucokinin was investigated using an insulin antibody. All species studied reacted positively to proteins and glucokinin in the same structures. The presence of glucokinin in these structures and the corresponding hypoglycaemic effects are discussed in the contex of the actions of other compounds.

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