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Case Summary: Female nurse, 44-years-old with a weight of 127 pounds. She attended our emergency clinic for an urgent care due to post COVID-19 vertigo and anxiety. Her problem began with severe, short-lived attacks of objective-circular type vertigo, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The symptoms occurred when she assumed a lying position, turn right and sat or stood upright. Interventions: The patient received medical prescription for hypothyroidism, vertigo and anxiety symptoms. Oral route feeding was started and was well tolerated. Outcomes: The patient showed good evolution with the treatment. Currently, she is at home with daily intake of levothyroxine and losartan without complications. Conclusion: The clinical case suggests that in patients with hypothyroidism, COVID-19 infection may trigger and exacerbate vertigo and anxiety.
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Research on the relationships between oligoelements (OE) and the development of cancer or its prevention is a field that is gaining increasing relevance. The aim was to evaluate OE and their interactions with oncology treatments (cytarabine or etoposide) to determine the effects of this combination on biogenic amines and oxidative stress biomarkers in the brain regions of young Wistar rats. Dopamine (DA), 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-Hiaa), Glutathione (Gsh), Tiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and Ca+2, Mg+2 ATPase enzyme activity were measured in brain regions tissues using spectrophometric and fluorometric methods previously validated. The combination of oligoelements and cytarabine increased dopamine in the striatum but decreased it in cerebellum/medulla-oblongata, whereas the combination of oligoelements and etoposide reduced lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that supplementation with oligoelements modifies the effects of cytarabine and etoposide by redox pathways, and may become promising therapeutic targets in patients with cancer.
Assuntos
Encéfalo , Citarabina , Dopamina , Etoposídeo , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos Wistar , Animais , Etoposídeo/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Citarabina/farmacologia , Dopamina/metabolismo , Ratos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Glutationa/metabolismoRESUMO
The ability and facility of magnesium (Mg2+) and zinc (Zn2+) to interact with phosphate ions confer them the characteristics of essential trace elements. Trace elements are extremely necessary for the basic nucleic acid chemistry of cells of all known living organisms. More than 300 enzymes require zinc and magnesium ions for their catalytic actions, including all the enzymes involved in the synthesis of ATP. In addition, enzymes such as isomerases, oxidoreductases, lyases, transferases, ligases and hydrolases that use other nucleotides to synthesize DNA and RNA require magnesium and zinc. These nucleotides may trigger oxidative damage or important changes against free radicals. In the same way, nucleotides may play an important role in the pathophysiology of degenerative diseases, including in some clinical disorders, where vascular risk factors, oxidative stress and inflammation work to destabilize the patients` homeostatic equilibrium. Indeed, reduced levels of zinc and magnesium may lead to inadequate amount of antioxidant enzymes, and thus, acts as an important contributing factor for the induction of oxidative stress leading to cellular or tissue dysfunction. Hence, the development of zinc or magnesium enzyme inhibitors could be a novel opportunity for the treatment of some human disorders. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to assess the clinical benefits of zinc and magnesium in human health and their effects in some clinical disorders.
Assuntos
Oligoelementos , Zinco , Humanos , Magnésio/farmacologia , Nucleotídeos , ÍonsRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of sildenafil on dopamine, 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA) and selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in the brain of hypoglycemic rats. The animals were treated intraperitoneally as follows: group 1 (control), saline solution; group 2, insulin (10 U per rat or 50 U kg-1); group 3, insulin + single dose of sildenafil (50 U kg-1 + 50 mg kg-1); group 4, insulin + three doses of sildenafil every 24 hours (50 U kg-1 + 50 mg kg-1). In groups 2, 3 and 4, insulin was administered every 24 hours for 10 days. Blood glucose was measured after the last treatment. On the last day of the treatment, the animals´ brains were extracted to measure the levels of oxidative stress markers [H2O2, Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase, glutathione and lipid peroxidation (TBARS)], dopamine and 5-HIAA in the cortex, striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata by validated methods. The results suggest that administration of insulin in combination with sildenafil induces hypoglycemia and hypotension, enhances oxidative damage and provokes changes in the brain metabolism of biogenic amines. Administration of insulin and sildenafil promotes biometabolic responses in glucose control, namely, it induces hypoglycemia and hypotension. It also enhances oxidative damage and provokes changes in the brain metabolism of biogenic amines.
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Aminas Biogênicas/metabolismo , Hipoglicemia/fisiopatologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Citrato de Sildenafila/toxicidade , Animais , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/patologia , Dopamina/metabolismo , Ácido Hidroxi-Indolacético/metabolismo , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Insulina/farmacologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The aim was to determine the effect of zinc (Zn) and insulin on oxidative stress and levels of dopamine in brain of rats. Wistar rats were treated either with zinc alone or combined with insulin during 10â¯days. After the last dose blood glucose was measured. Their brains were extracted to measure H2O2, Ca+2, Mg+2 ATPase, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (Tbars) and Dopamine. Zn does not possess anti-glycemic effect like Insulin however, it is noticeable that the combination of Insulin plus Zn induces a major glucose reduction (pâ¯<â¯0.0001) than Insulin alone. In cerebellum/medulla oblongata, the groups treated with Insulin and Zn show a significantly increase in dopamine (pâ¯<â¯0.005). Insulin plus Zn reduced GSH level in cortex. Insulin plus Zn reduced level of H2O2 in Striatum and in cerebellum/medulla oblongata. Lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced by the administration of Insulin as in the combination of Insulin and Zn in all regions (pâ¯<â¯0.0001). In cerebellum medulla oblongata, ATPase activity showed an increase only in the group treated with Insulinâ¯+â¯Zn. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the use of insulin plus Zn produce favorable changes on oxidative stress and this as consequence on the levels of dopamine.
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Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Insulina/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Zinco/farmacologia , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Interações Medicamentosas , Glucose/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to measure the effect on brain biomarkers after treatment with anticancer compounds - cytarabine (CT) and ferric carboxymaltose (FC) (Fe+3) in Wistar rats. METHODS: The Wistar rats were treated as follows: group 1 (control), NaCl 0.9%; group 2, CT (25 mg/k), group 3, FC(Fe+3) (50 mg/k) and group 4, CT + FC(Fe+3). The animals were sacrificed and their brains were obtained and used to measure lipoperoxidation (TBARS), H2O2, Na+, K+ ATPase, glutathione (GSH), serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA) and dopamine. The results indicated an enhancement of lipid peroxidation in the cortex and striatum of groups treated with FC(Fe+3) and CT, while GSH decreased in the cortex of group treated with CT + FC(Fe+3). Dopamine decreased in the cortex of the rats that received CT, while in the striatum, 5HIAA increased in all groups. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the treatment with CT and FC(Fe+3) boosted oxidative stress and led to an alteration in momoamine concentrations in the brain.
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Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Citarabina/farmacologia , Compostos Férricos/farmacologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Maltose/análogos & derivados , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Maltose/farmacologia , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Wistar , Serotonina/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Neurological disorders suggest that the excitotoxicity involves a drastic increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and the formation of reactive oxygen species. The presence of these free radicals may also affect the dopaminergic system. The aim of this work was to determine if riboflavin (B2) and pyridoxine (B6) provide protection to the brain against free radicals generated by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) by measuring the levels of dopamine (DA) and selected oxidative stress markers. METHODS: Male Fisher rats were grouped (n = 6) and treated as follows: group 1, control (NaCl 0.9%); group 2, 3-NPA (20 mg/kg); group 3, B2 (10 mg/kg); group 4, B2 (10 mg/kg) + 3-NPA (20 mg/kg); group 5, B6 (10 mg/kg) and group 6, B6 + 3-NPA. All treatments were administered every 24 h for 5 days by intraperitoneal route. After sacrifice, the brain was obtained to measure DA, GSH, and lipid peroxidation, Ca2+, Mg2+, ATPase and H2O2. MAIN FINDINGS: Levels of dopamine increased in cortex, striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata of animals that received 3-NPA alone. The lipid peroxidation increased in cortex, striatum, and cerebellum/medulla oblongata, of animals treated with B2 vitamin alone. ATPase dependent on Ca+2, Mg+2 and H2O2 increased in all regions of animals that received 3-NPA alone. CONCLUSION: The results confirm the capacity of 3-NPA to generate oxidative stress. Besides, the study suggests that B2 or B6 vitamins restored the levels of DA and reduced oxidative stress in brain of rats. We believe that these results would help in the study of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Dopamina/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Piridoxina/farmacologia , Riboflavina/farmacologia , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Doença de Huntington/metabolismo , Masculino , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Nitrocompostos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Propionatos , Ratos Endogâmicos F344 , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cyclodextrins are active pharmaceutical ingredients to treat neurological diseases by reducing neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to test if combined consumption of ß-cyclodextrin (BCD) and Oleic acid (OA) potentiates brain antioxidant protection. METHODS: Four groups of young Wistar rats, grouped in 6 animals each, were treated as follows: Group (G) 1, saline solution 0.9% (control); G2, BCD (0.7 g/kg); G3, OA (15 ml/kg); G4, BCD + OA. The same design was assayed for groups of adult rats. Treatments were daily administered by oral means for five consecutive days. On the last day of administration, brains of the animals were extracted to measure dopamine, 5-HIAA, glutathione (GSH), ATPase, Lipoperoxidation and H2O2. RESULTS: Oleic acid and ß-cyclodextrin upgraded the levels of dopamine, 5-HIAA and lipid peroxidation and downgraded the concentrations of GSH and H2O2 in cortex, hemispheres (striatum) and cerebellum/medulla oblongata regions. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that combined use of oleic acid and ß-cyclodextrin may increase oxidative damage in brain regions and promote alteration in dopamine and 5-HIAA amines and hence, constitutes health risks among age of subjects.
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Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Ácido Oleico/farmacologia , beta-Ciclodextrinas/farmacologia , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Fatores Etários , Animais , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Ácido Hidroxi-Indolacético/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oseltamivir and indomethacin on lipid peroxidation (LP), GABA levels, and ATPase activity in brain and stomach of normal and infected rats (IR), as novel inflammation model. Female Sprague Dawley rats grouped five each, either in the absence or presence of a live culture of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typh), were treated as follows: group 1 (control), PBS buffer; group 2, oseltamivir (100 mg/kg); group 3, indomethacin (67 µg/rat); group 4, oseltamivir (100 mg/kg) + indomethacin (67 µg/rat). All drugs were given intraperitoneally for 5 days. IR received the same treatments and the brain and stomach of the rats were removed in order to measure levels of GABA, LP, and total ATPase, using validated methods. Levels of GABA increased in stomach and cortex of IR with oseltamivir, but decreased in striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata of IR with indomethacin. LP decreased in the three brain regions of IR with oseltamivir. ATPase increased in stomach of IR and non-IR with oseltamivir and in striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata of IR with indomethacin. Results suggest that the effect of free radicals produced in an infection and inflammatory condition caused by S. typh could be less toxic by a combination of oseltamivir and indomethacin.
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Encéfalo/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Indometacina/farmacologia , Oseltamivir/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonelose Animal/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Salmonelose Animal/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Hypertension causes neuronal damage and apoptosis in the brain. Diazoxide is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension however, its effect on 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) and dopamine amines in adult animal models remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oligoelements on 5-HIAA and dopamine in the brain of adult rats treated with diazoxide METHODS: Male Fisher rats (weight 250g) were treated as follows: Group I, NaCl 0.9% (control); group II, tracefusin® (1.5mL/rat); group III, diazoxide (20mg/rat) and group IV, tracefusin® (1.5mL/rat)+diazoxide (20mg/rat). All doses were intraperitoneally administered on daily basis for four consecutive days. After the last administration, the brain of the animals was obtained and dissected in cortex, hemispheres (striatum) and cerebellum/medulla oblongata to measure the levels of 5-HIAA, dopamine, lipid peroxidation and total ATPase activity through validated methods. RESULTS: Dopamine and 5-HIAA levels decreased significantly in the group that received trace elements and diazoxide in the hemisphere regions, while in cerebellum/medulla oblongata, dopamine levels increased significantly in the groups that received diazoxide alone in. Lipid peroxidation in all brain regions increased significantly in the groups that received trace elements and diazoxide. ATPase dependent of calcium and magnesium decreased in the groups that received diazoxide alone or combined with trace elements in cerebellum/medulla oblongata regions. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that the use of trace elements and diazoxide alters metabolism of dopamine and 5-HIAA amines. Free radicals may be involved in this effect.