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In December 2014, the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology under the umbrella of the World Health Organization convened an expert meeting to re-examine, update and expand the infertility glossary previously published in 2009. Thus, the International Glossary of Infertility and Fertility Care was developed and published in 2017 simultaneously in Fertility and Sterility and Human Reproduction. In this article, we present the glossary translated into Spanish, obtained after evaluation by Argentinian experts in the field of assisted reproductive technologies, reviewed by Dr. Zegers-Hochschild and approved by the board of the Argentinian Society of Reproductive Medicine (SAMeR). The translation of the glossary to Spanish will facilitate communication between professionals responsible for the practice of ART in Spanish-speaking communities. Moreover, it will lend support to promote better understanding as well as safer and better care for Spanish-speaking minorities and those experiencing cross-border reproductive care.

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5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and oral fluoropyrimidines, such as capecitabine, are widely used in the treatment of cancer, especially gastrointestinal tumors and breast cancer, but their administration can produce serious and even lethal toxicity. This toxicity is often related to the partial or complete deficiency of the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme, which causes a reduction in clearance and a longer half-life of 5-FU. It is advisable to determine if a DPD deficiency exists before administering these drugs by genotyping DPYD gene polymorphisms. The objective of this consensus of experts, in which representatives from the Spanish Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Society and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology participated, is to establish clear recommendations for the implementation of genotype and/or phenotype testing for DPD deficiency in patients who are candidates to receive fluoropyrimidines. The genotyping of DPYD previous to treatment classifies individuals as normal, intermediate, or poor metabolizers. Normal metabolizers do not require changes in the initial dose, intermediate metabolizers should start treatment with fluoropyrimidines at doses reduced to 50%, and poor metabolizers are contraindicated for fluoropyrimidines.

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RESUMEN La Pitiriasis Rubra Pilaris es una enfermedad papuloescamosa, secundaria a un trastorno de la cornificaciónde causa desconocida, se manifiesta clínicamente por pápulas hiperqueratósicas y queratodermiapalmoplantar. Existen diferentes formas de clasificar la enfermedad,en función de la edad deinicio, morfología, curso clínico y pronóstico. La forma de presentación más frecuente corresponde a la clásica del adulto (Tipo I), alrededor del 55% de todos los casos. Por tratarse de una enfermedad con baja incidencia, de etiología poco clara y con la posibilidad de remisión espontánea, no existe un tratamiento universalmente aceptado, la mayor parte de la evidencia proviene de reportes de casos, series de casos y algunos estudios retrospectivos. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente de 57 años de edad con diagnóstico de Pitiriasis Rubra Pilaris con respuesta favorable a retinoides.

SUMMARY PityriasisRubra Pilaris is a papulosquamous disease, secondary to a cornification disorder of unknown cause, clinically manifested by hyperkeratosic papules and palmoplantar keratoderma. There are different ways to classify the disease, it corresponds to six subtypes depending on the age of onset, morphology, clinical course and prognosis. The most frequent form of presentation corresponds to the classic one of the adult (Type I), around 55% of all cases. Due to it is a low incidence disease, with an unclear etiology and the possibility of spontaneous remission, there is no universally accepted treatment and most of the evidence comes from individual case reports, small case series, and some retrospective studies. We present the clinical case of a 57-year-old patient diagnosed with PityriasisRubra Pilaris with a favorable response to retinoids.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Low back pain is a prevalent condition with health, social and occupational impact. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of social and occupational factors on worker patients with low back pain. Method: A descriptive study was conducted on 349 subjects with low back pain. The main independent variable was being a manual or non-manual worker. Other social-occupational and lifestyle variables were also considered. The level of disability was established according to the Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire, and the association between the type of job and the test was evaluated using multiple linear regressions. Results: Manual workers are heavier smokers (47%), experience more pain (74.3%), have a lower economic status (89.3%), use more drugs (57.7%), have limitations in walking (17.5%) and standing (25.6%), used carrying protocols (85.5%), make repetitive movements (77.4%). They made trunk (52.6%) and upper limb movements (24.8%), and received less prevention training (51.7%), but used low back protection (19.6%). The non-manual workers had greater limitation in handling loads (37.4%) and sitting (43.5%), and computer screen user protocols were applied (94.8%), and had a lower social class classification (57.1 low-middle class). Performing manual tasks at work is significantly associated with an increase of 2 points in the Oswestry test compared to non-manual workers, when adjusted for age and gender (coefficient β: 2, 95% CI: 0.6-3.36). Conclusion: Low back pain is a prevalent condition, with an unfavorable prognosis that has an individual, social, and occupational impact. Performing manual tasks is associated with an increase in the disability scale, regardless of age and gender.

RESUMEN Introducción: El dolor lumbar es una dolencia prevalente con repercusión sanitaria, social y laboral. Es objetivo de este trabajo valorar la influencia de las variables sociolaborales en pacientes con lumbalgia que trabajan. Método: Estudio descriptivo en 349 sujetos con lumbalgia. Es variable independiente principal ser trabajador manual y no manual; también son recogidas otras variables sociolaborales y de estilo de vida. La incapacidad se obtuvo mediante la escala del cuestionario de Oswestry y la asociación entre el tipo de tarea y el test se evaluó con regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: Los trabajadores manuales consumen más tabaco (47%), tienen más dolor (74,3%), peor situación económica (89,3%), consumen más fármacos (57,7%), tienen limitación en deambulación (17,5%) y bipedestación (25,6%), se les aplican protocolos de cargas (85,5%) y movimientos repetidos (77,4%), realizan movimientos de tronco (52,6%) y miembros superiores (24,8%) y reciben menor formación preventiva (51,7%), pero utilizan protección lumbar (19,6%). Los trabajadores no manuales tienen mayor limitación en cargas (37,4%) y sedestación (43,5%) se les aplican protocolos de usuarios de pantallas (94,8%) y tienen peor tipificación en clase social (57,1 clase media-baja). Realizar tareas manuales en el trabajo se asocia significativamente con un aumento de 2 puntos en el test de Oswestry respecto a los no manuales, ajustado por edad y género (coeficiente β: 2, IC 95%: 0,65-3,36). Conclusión: La lumbalgia es una dolencia prevalente, de curso desfavorable, que implica impacto individual, social y laboral. Realizar tareas manuales se asocia con un aumento en la escala de incapacidad, independientemente de la edad y el género.

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Resumen El pénfigo vulgar es una enfermedad ampollar crónica de etiología autoinmune, en la cual el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz disminuye la morbimortalidad de los pacientes. Actualmente se utilizan corticosteroides de primera línea asociados a inmunosupresores. Sin embargo,se ha visto que el uso de Rituximab como terapéutica de primera elección en los países desarrollados ha disminuido las reacciones adversas, con lo que mejora la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Se presentan cinco pacientes con diagnóstico de pénfigo vulgar refractario a tratamientos convencionalesque requirieron tratamiento con Rituximab.

Abstract Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune chronic blistering disease. Its early diagnosis and treatment help reduce patient mortality and morbidity. Corticosteroids associated with immunosuppressants remain the standard treatment for pemphigus vulgaris. However, the use of Rituximab as first-line therapy in developed countries has been effective in reducing adverse effects improving the quality of life of patients. We report five patients with a diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris refractory to conventional treatments requiring treatment with Rituximab.

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Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades reumáticas son patologías de alta prevalencia, impacto y repercusión, caracterizadas por dolor y limitación funcional. Para valorar la limitación, la historia clínica es el punto de partida, junto con las pruebas específicas necesarias, según el tipo de padecimiento. De forma complementaria, se recomienda el uso de herramientas clinimétricas. Objetivo: Comparar algunas herramientas o cuestionarios usados en las enfermedades reumáticas más prevalentes, revisando la bibliografía para destacar sus aportes y su utilidad en la labor del médico con finalidad clínica o pericial. Método: Se revisan las características básicas de los cuestionarios y herramientas más usadas en: osteoartritis, artritis reumatoide y artritis psoriásica, espondilitis anquilosante y lupus eritematoso sistémico. Se revisa en Medline la experiencia de los autores con algunos cuestionarios en función de la patología y de sus diversos usos. Resultados: Los cuestionarios se utilizan en su mayoría para la valoración de la calidad de vida, la discapacidad y la evolución clínico-terapéutica de los pacientes. No hay acuerdo entre los autores sobre si existe prioridad en el uso de algún cuestionario concreto por patología y se tiende a combinar varios. Los cuestionarios genéricos más utilizados son SF-36, NHP y EQ-5D. Por enfermedades: en artritis reumatoide, HAQy DAS28; en osteoartritis, WOMAC y Knoos; en Lupus, SLEDAI y BICLA, y en espondilitis, BASDAI y ASDAS. Conclusiones: En reumatología los cuestionarios son de uso habitual y resultan de utilidad de forma complementaria a la historia clínica y a las pruebas específicas. La elección por el profesional médico se basa en su experiencia y en la adecuación al objetivo buscado.

Abstract Introduction: Rheumatic diseases are high prevalence, high impact and repercussion pathologies characterised by pain and functional limitation. To assess the limitation, the starting point is the clinical history, together with the specific tests required according to the type of condition. The use of complimentary clinometric tools is recommended. Objective: To compare some tools or questionnaires used in the most prevalent rheumatic diseases, and a review of the literature to highlight their contributions and usefulness in medical practice by the clinician or expert. Method: A review is made of the basic characteristics of the questionnaires and the most used tools in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The experience of the authors is reviewed in Medline, with some questionnaires depending on the pathology and its various uses. Results: The questionnaires are used mainly to assess the quality of life, disability, and clinical-therapeutic evolution of patients. There is no agreement among the authors on whether there is a priority in the use of a specific questionnaire by pathology, and there is a tendency to combine several. The most commonly used generic questionnaires are SF-36, NHP and EQ-5D. For diseases: in rheumatoid arthritis, the HAQ and DAS28; in osteoarthritis, WOMAC and Knoos; in lupus, SLEDAI and BICLA; and in spondylitis, BASDAI and ASDAS. Conclusions: In rheumatology, questionnaires are commonly used, and are useful as a complement to the clinical history and specific tests. The choice by the medical professional is based on their experience and on the adaptation to the objective sought.

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INTRODUCTION: Hip fracture is a cause of major morbidity and mortality and is often associated with high blood transfusion rate, non-complication-free therapy. The objective of the study is to evaluate the factors dependent and independent of the transfusional act, as well as to elaborate an algorithm that allows us to make a decision making based on a statistical model rationalizing the use of blood. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study on 100 patients older than 65 years intervened for hip fracture consecutively. We analyzed demographic data, drug taking, comorbidity, pre- and postoperative analytics, type of fracture and those related to surgery valuing uni- and bivariate determinants of the Transfusional Act to control the possible bias of confusion. RESULTS: Following the application of the bivariate logistic regression model only the HB at the admission (p = 0.04, or = 0.451) and the type of fracture (p = 0.003, or = 5.479) were considered associated with the transfusion act. The value of initial HB generates a ROC curve with an area under the curve of 0.848, acceptable to assess the probability of transfusion. An initial HB value lower of 12.15 g/dl will predict the transfusion with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 85%. CONCLUSION: The presence of preoperative anemia and extracapsular hip fractures generate a high risk of transfusion need, while it is unlikely in intracapsular fractures without anemia at admission. In our series there is an analytical value that predicts satisfactorily 80% of blood transfusions.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La fractura de cadera es una causa de importante morbimortalidad y a menudo se asocia a una elevada tasa de transfusión sanguínea, terapia no exenta de complicaciones. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar los factores dependientes e independientes del acto transfusional, así como elaborar un algoritmo que nos permita realizar una toma de decisiones basada en un modelo estadístico racionalizando el empleo de sangre alogénica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo sobre 100 pacientes mayores de 65 años intervenidos por fractura de cadera de forma consecutiva. Se analizaron datos demográficos, toma de fármacos, comorbilidad, analítica pre- y postoperatoria, tipo de fractura y los relativos a la cirugía valorando de forma uni- y bivariada los factores determinantes del acto transfusional para controlar el posible sesgo de confusión. RESULTADOS: Tras la aplicación del modelo bivariante de regresión logística sólo la Hb al ingreso (p = 0.04, OR = 0.451) y el tipo de fractura (p = 0.003, OR = 5.479) se consideraron asociadas al acto transfusional. El valor de la Hb al ingreso genera una curva ROC con un área bajo la curva de 0.848, aceptable para valorar la probabilidad de transfusión. Un valor de Hb al ingreso inferior a 12.15 g/dl predeciría de forma correcta la transfusión con una sensibilidad de 80% y una especificidad de 85 %. CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de anemia preoperatoria y la fractura extracapsular de cadera generan un alto riesgo de necesidad transfusional, mientras que es improbable en fracturas intracapsulares sin anemia al ingreso. En nuestra serie existe un valor analítico que predice de forma satisfactoria 80% de las transfusiones sanguíneas.

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Helicoverpa gelotopoeon, the South American bollworm, is a polyphagous pest of the Heliothinae complex that causes damage to soybean, cotton, and chickpea crops. Some species within this complex have developed resistance to genetically modified crops and insecticides, which has led to increased interest in their genetic diversity and population structure. The objective of this study was to characterize biological and reproductive parameters of two populations of H. gelotopoeon collected in two different provinces of Argentina. Intra- and inter-population crosses revealed that H. gelotopoeon populations from both regions of Argentina did not present evidence of pre-zygotic and post-zygotic incompatibility, suggesting that Tucumán and Córdoba populations of H. gelotopoeon belong to a single wide-ranging species. Our data support the occurrence of substantial gene flow between H. gelotopoeon populations, probably due to the widely documented, long-range migratory capacity of Heliothinae species.

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Resumen Introducción: El síndrome fibromiálgico se caracteriza por dolor crónico asociado a sintomatología somática no específica y con las limitaciones asociadas a su impacto personal, social, laboral y económico. Su valoración se realiza de forma independiente, analizando sus aspectos clínicos, de severidad, los tratamientos y su efectividad, la repercusión en las actividades de la vida diaria y la repercusión o afectación laboral. La herramienta FM-Check es una escala subjetiva que puede ser de ayuda para valorar de forma conjunta todos estos aspectos y servir de apoyo al profesional en el seguimiento del paciente y facilitar la colaboración conjunta interprofesional. Método: Para elaborar la FM-Check se parte de la historia clínica en la que se definen las variables que se van a utilizar agrupándolas en 4 bloques a los que se asignan porcentajes de limitación para cada variable y cada bloque, para llegar a un porcentaje global de limitación en los roles de las personas. Resultados: La distribución de porcentajes por cada bloque es en máximos: 10% para aspectos personales, 55% para clínico-terapéuticos, 24% para laborales y 10% para repercusión en la vida diaria. En función del porcentaje global obtenido tras la valoración del paciente se asignan grados de limitación: grado 1 hasta un porcentaje global < 20%, grado 2 del 20-40%, grado 3 entre el 41-70% y grado 4 > 70%. Conclusión: FM-Check pretende facilitar la labor médica en la evolución del paciente y la toma de decisiones clínico-terapéuticas tras una valoración global de la limitación del paciente con fibromialgia, siguiendo una metodología unificada que permita comparar resultados evolutivos individuales y la realización de estudios epidemiológicos colectivos.

Abstract Introduction: Fibromialgia syndrome is characterised by chronic pain associated with nonspecific somatic symptoms, and has a personal, social, occupational, and economic impact. The assessment is performed independently, by analysing the clinical aspects, severity, therapies, and their effectiveness, as well as the impact on daily life activities and its effect on employment. The FM-Check tool is a subjective scale that can be helpful in jointly assessing all these aspects, and provide professional support in monitoring the patient, as well as contribute to a multidisciplinary approach. Method: To develop FM-Check is developed by starting with the clinical history in which the variables that are going to be used are defined, and grouped into 4 blocks to which a percentage limitation rate is assigned for each variable and each block. An overall percentage limitation is then calculated for the activities in each person. Results: The distribution of assigned percentages was: a maximum of 10% for personal appearance, 55% for clinical-therapeutic aspects, 24% for work aspects, and 10% for impact on everyday life. The limitation levels were classified according to the overall percentage obtained after assessing the patient; grade 1: an overall percentage < 20%, grade 2: 20-40%, grade 3: 41-70%, and grade 4: > 70%. Conclusion: FM-Check aims to make it easier for the clinician to monitor the patient and making medical-therapeutic decisions after an overall assessment of the limitation of the fibromialgia patient. This achieved by following a unified methodology that can compare individual developmental outcomes, as well as for conducting joint epidemiological studies.

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