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BACKGROUND: The Skin Laxity Severity Scale for the buttocks was previously developed to separately assess buttock ptosis, a scalloped appearance of the skin, infragluteal fold, localized fat on the lower third of the buttocks, and linear depressed lesions. A more objective, faster and shorter version of this scale, to be evaluated visually, would be more feasible to apply in daily practice. OBJECTIVES: To present a new skin laxity scale for the buttocks: the Skin Laxity Visual Scale (SLVS). MATERIALS & METHODS: To establish the scale, investigators chose, by consensus, the most representative cases of each skin laxity grade. The images were graphically edited to better represent the degree of skin laxity identified in a previous study. Scale validity and reliability were assessed in two validation cycles, performed by eight dermatologists assessing 50 clinical cases. RESULTS: Overall, Kendall's, weighted-kappa, and intraclass correlation coefficients indicated very good reliability and consistent inter- and intra-rater agreement (p<0.001). The scale validity was confirmed by criteria validity tests (rs: 0.76, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The SLVS for the buttocks is a reliable, reproducible, accurate and valid scale to identify skin laxity severity and its different features. It will very likely be an easy-to-use and convenient tool to appropriately assess improvement obtained with treatment and follow patients.

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INTRODUCTION: Studies have suggested that botulinum toxin A may improve skin quality, and application protocols using hyper-diluted doses of botulinum toxin (microdosing) have been studied as a way to achieve therapeutic goals without fully paralyzing the targeted muscles. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of a combined protocol utilizing both the standard dosing and the microdosing of AbobotulinumtoxinA for the improvement of skin quality, measured by objective and subjective measurements. METHODS: Thirty patients were treated with botulinum toxin using both the standard technique and the microdosing technique. Objective (Sebumeter®, Mexameter® and digital dermoscopy pictures) and subjective (Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale and a clinical scale for evaluating the quality of facial skin) measurements of the effects in the treated areas were taken to assess the efficacy of the treatment. RESULTS: Digital dermoscopy showed a marked reduction of erythema and telangiectasias. Erythema and telangiectasias improved both on objective and subjective measurements. Skin oleosity, static rhytids, papules and pustules and enlarged pores improved on subjective measurements. Patient satisfaction was high (93%) despite the high rate of adverse events (56%). CONCLUSIONS: The combined application of standard doses and microdoses of AbobotulinumtoxinA is effective in improving the overall quality of facial skin. The effects on erythema and telangiectasias suggest that it is an effective treatment option for patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. When applying microdoses of botulinum toxin in the lower and mid-face, the doses and pattern of injection should be customized for each patient to reduce the occurrence of adverse events.

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Introdução: O tratamento com campo eletromagnético focado de alta intensidade (HIFEM) usa ondas eletromagnéticas de baixa frequência para induzir contrações musculares, causando hipertrofia muscular e reduzindo a gordura subcutânea. Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos de um tratamento com HIFEM na celulite nos glúteos. Métodos: trinta mulheres foram recrutadas e randomizadas em 2 grupos que receberam 8 ou 12 sessões de HIFEM na região dos glúteos. A celulite foi avaliada utilizando a Cellulite Severity Scale, a Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale e um questionário de satisfação. Mudanças na composição corporal foram avaliadas com bioimpedância e medidas da circunferência do quadril. Resultados: a aparência global da região glútea das pacientes melhorou com o tratamento. Houve melhora na celulite de algumas pacientes, mas para a maioria a melhora não foi grande o suficiente para resultar em uma mudança de classificação na Cellulite Severity Scale. A satisfação foi alta e os eventos adversos foram poucos, não-graves e transitórios. Conclusão: os efeitos do tratamento com HIFEM na celulite da região glútea são sutis. Contudo, este tratamento é capaz de melhorar globalmente a aparência da região glútea, melhorando a percepção das pacientes sobre a gravidade de sua celulite

Introduction: High-intensity focused electromagnetic field treatment (HIFEM) uses low-frequency electromagnetic waves to induce supramaximal muscle contractions, causing muscle hypertrophy and reducing fat. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a HIFEM treatment for the improvement of cellulite on the buttocks. Methods: Thirty patients were divided into two groups that received eight or 12 HIFEM sessions on the buttocks for six weeks. We assessed the improvement in cellulite and the buttocks' global appearance through the Cellulite Severity Scale (CSS), the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), and a satisfaction questionnaire. Changes in body composition were evaluated through bioimpedance and hip circumference measurements. Results: Patients from both groups improved the global appearance of their buttocks. Cellulite lesions of some patients improved, but for most patients, the improvement wasn't great enough to change the grade on the Cellulite Severity Scale. Patient satisfaction was high and adverse events were few, minor, and transitory. Conclusion: The effects of HIFEM on cellulite are subtle, as this treatment modality cannot address the fibrous septa that cause the depressed lesions of cellulite. Nevertheless, HIFEM procedures can improve the buttocks' global appearance, enhancing the patients' subjective perception of their cellulite.

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BACKGROUND: Clinical scales are useful to assess skin laxity in different areas of the body. OBJECTIVE: To elaborate and validate a photonumeric scale to assess buttocks skin laxity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Buttocks' Skin Laxity Severity Scale (SLSS) was developed based on a sample of 120 patients. The SLSS validity and reliability were assessed in 2 validation cycles, performed by 8 dermatologists assessing 50 clinical cases. Both criteria and construct validity were tested. RESULTS: The Buttocks' SLSS is composed by 5 clinical aspects of skin laxity graded from absent (0) to severe (3): buttocks ptosis, skin scalloped appearance, infragluteal fold, localized fat on the lower third of the buttocks, and linear depressed lesions. Final skin laxity classification results from the sum of each item grade multiplied by its weight and varies from 0 to 24. Overall, Kendall, weighted kappa, and intraclass correlation coefficients indicated very good reliability and consistent interrater and intrarater agreement (p < .001). Cronbach alpha of 0.82 indicates high scale reliability. The scale validity was confirmed by criteria validity tests (rs: 0.72, p < .05). CONCLUSION: Buttocks' SLSS is a reliable and valid scale to identify skin laxity severity and its different features, and it is an accurate tool for clinical research.

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BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a recognized method to assess the morphological characteristics of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). This study aimed to assess objectively different characteristics of SAT of women with different ages and body mass index (BMI) using MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, observational study. Pelvic-MRI exams of 133 women aged between 15 and 80 years, with BMI 16-30 kg/m2 were assessed. RESULTS: There was a moderate positive correlation between the total fat thickness and the BMI (r = 0.64; p < 0.0001) considering the entire sample. Within the different age groups, strong positive correlation was observed for age groups 15 to 30 years (r = 0.76; p < 0.0001) and 46 to 60 years (r = 0.75; p < 0.0001), and moderate positive correlation in the others (r = 0.61; p < 0.0001 [31-45 years] and r = 0.53; p < 0.0001 [>61 years-old]). There was no correlation between age and fat layer thickness. Correlation between deep fat layer thickness and BMI showed similar pattern to that of the total fat layer. Within the different BMI groups, SAT thickness tends to decrease with aging in patients with low BMI. CONCLUSION: Inside each age group, the average thickness of the total fat layer increases according to BMI. The results suggest that BMI influences the thickness of SAT throughout life and how SAT changes with age in patients with different BMI. In patients with moderate BMI, the thickness of SAT remains stable.

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Durante o processo de envelhecimento, as rotas intracelulares que regulam a homeostase do colágeno são influenciadas pelo expossoma, resultando na sua degradação e diminuição de síntese, levando à flacidez da pele. As evidências atuais disponíveis apontam que a suplementação oral de colágeno poderia promover redução de rugas na região dos olhos, cicatrização de feridas, melhora da elasticidade e hidratação da pele, melhora da celulite, de algumas dermatites e da fragilidade das unhas. Ainda são necessários mais estudos em larga escala e metodologicamente mais robustos para afirmar que o uso do colágeno oral para tratamento adjuvante de diferentes condições dermatológicas seja realmente eficaz.

In the aging process, the intracellular routes that regulate collagen homeostasis are influenced by the exposome, resulting in its degradation and decreased synthesis, leading to sagging skin. Current evidence indicates that oral collagen supplementation may promote wrinkles reduction in the eye area, wound healing, skin elasticity and hydration improvement, enhancement of cellulite, some dermatitis, and nails fragility. Large-scale and methodologically more robust studies are still needed to consider the use of oral collagen as an effective adjuvant treatment to different dermatological conditions

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Cellulite affects almost all women, and it is characterized by surface relief alterations, mainly located on the thighs and buttocks, and other areas. Whereas depressed lesions occur due to the presence of thick subcutaneous fibrous septa that pull the skin surface down, raised areas result from the projection of underlying fat to the skin surface. We support that the absence of cellulite can be defined as the ideal balance between the mechanical forces that act between the subcutaneous structures, such as fat and fibrous septa and muscles, and the overlying skin.

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BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive procedures that prevent and delay the aging process can be an alternative to more invasive surgical procedures. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of L-Lift technique to improve skin firmness, facial global aesthetics, and the patient and investigator satisfaction. METHODS: Prospective, open, single-center study. Thirty participants underwent 3 treatment sessions 1 month apart and were assessed 8, 16, and 24 weeks after first injections. Assessments included the Facial Laxity Rating Scale (FLRS), Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), objective measurement of skin elasticity, and the Skin Distension Test. RESULTS: At Week 24, 60% of the patients had at least 1-class improvement in the FLRS for the middle face and 33% for the lower face. At Week 24, investigators considered that 90.0% of the patients improved according to the GAIS and 90.0% of the subjects considered they have improved. Skin elasticity (at Week 8 and at Week 16) and Skin Distension Test (at Week 24) assessments indicated improvement in skin firmness. Both patients and investigators were satisfied with the treatment at the study end. CONCLUSION: The technique is safe and efficacious. It may be particularly suitable for patients presenting initial signs of facial skin laxity.

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