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Introducción: la Rinosinusitis Crónica se define como la inflamación crónica de la nariz y los senos paranasales por más de 12 semanas. La prevalencia varía entre el 5% - 30% de acuerdo con la zona geográfica según un estudio de carga de enfermedad (2012-2014), la prevalencia de las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas (rinitis y sinusitis crónica) varió entre el 10% y el 25%. Objetivo: establecer un conjunto de consideraciones basadas en consenso de expertos, para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la rinosinusitis crónica en pacientes adultos, en el contexto colombiano. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un consenso formal (Delphi y nominal). Se conformó un grupo de expertos, se definieron el alcance y las preguntas. Se realizaron dos rondas de calificación anónimas, y una discusión para las preguntas sin consenso. En las preguntas con opciones de uno a nueve, se consideró consenso con una mediana de uno a tres o de siete a nueve. En las preguntas tipo Likert, se consideró consenso un porcentaje igual o superior al 80% en acuerdos o desacuerdos. Resultados: se definieron y calificaron 18 preguntas, con la participación de 17 otorrinolaringólogos, de 8 ciudades colombianas, todos miembros de la Asociación Colombiana de Otorrinolaringología y con un promedio de experticia de 19.2 años (Desviación estándar [DE]: 10,2). Se obtuvieron 18 recomendaciones para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de esta patología. Conclusiones: las recomendaciones emitidas por los expertos permiten orientar y estandarizar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la rinosinusitis crónica en adultos, en el contexto de los servicios de salud en Colombia.
Introduction: Chronic Rhinosinusitis is defined as chronic inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses for more than 12 weeks. The prevalence varies between 5% - 30% depending on the geographical area according to a disease burden study (2012-2014), the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases (rhinitis and chronic sinusitis) varied between 10% - 25%. Objective: To establish a set of considerations based on expert consensus, for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis in adult patients, in the Colombian context. Methods: A formal consensus (Delphi and nominal) was carried out. A group of experts was formed, the scope and questions were defined. Two anonymous grading rounds were conducted, and a discussion for questions without consensus. In the Questions with options from one to nine were considered consensus with a median of one to three or seven to nine. In the Likert-type questions, a percentage equal to or greater than 80% in agreements or disagreements was considered consensus. Results: 18 questions were defined and scored, with the participation of 17 otorhinolaryngologists, from eight Colombian cities, all members of the Colombian Association of Otorhinolaryngology and with an average experience of 19.2 years (Standard desviation [SD]: 10.2). 18 recommendations were obtained for the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Conclusions: The recommendations issued by the experts allow to guide and standardize the diagnosis and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis in adults, in the context of health services in Colombia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Sinusite , Terapêutica , DiagnósticoRESUMO
Abstract Background: qSOFA is a score to identify patients with suspected infection and risk of complications. Its criteria are like those evaluated in prognostic scores for pneumonia (CRB-65 - CURB-65), but it is not clear which is best for predicting mortality and admission to the ICU. Objective: Compare three scores (CURB-65, CRB-65 and qSOFA) to determine the best tool to identify emergency department patients with pneumonia at increased risk of mortality or intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods: Secondary analysis of three prospective cohorts of patients hospitalized with diagnosis of pneumonia in five Colombian hospitals. Validation and comparison of the score´s accuracies were performed by means of discrimination and calibration measures. Results: Cohorts 1, 2 and 3 included 158, 745 and 207 patients, with mortality rates of 32.3%, 17.2% and 18.4%, and admission to ICU was required for 52.5%, 43.5% and 25.6%, respectively. The best AUC-ROC for mortality was for CURB-65 in cohort 3 (AUC-ROC=0.67). The calibration was adequate (p>0.05) for the three scores. Conclusions: None of these scores proved to be an appropriate predictor for mortality and admission to the ICU. Furthermore, the CRB 65 exhibited the lowest discriminative ability.
RESUMEN Introducción: el qSOFA es un nuevo puntaje propuesto para ayudar a identificar pacientes con sospecha de infección y con alta probabilidad de desarrollar complicaciones graves. Los criterios del qSOFA son similares a los evaluados en los puntajes de pronóstico usados tradicionalmente en neumonía (CRB-65 y CURB-65), pero no está claro cuál es mejor para predecir la mortalidad y la admisión a la UCI en pacientes con neumonía en el servicio de urgencias Objetivo: comparar tres puntajes (CURB-65, CRB-65 y qSOFA) para determinar la mejor herramienta para identificar en servicios de urgencias a los pacientes con neumonía con mayor riesgo de mortalidad o ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Métodos: análisis secundario de datos de tres estudios de cohorte prospectivos con pacientes atendidos por urgencias con diagnóstico de neumonía en 5 hospitales de Colombia. Se realizó validación y comparación de la exactitud de los puntajes por medio de medidas de discriminación y de calibración. Resultados: las cohortes 1, 2 y 3 incluyeron 158, 745 y 207 pacientes, con mortalidad de 32.3%, 17.2% y 18.4%, respectivamente. Se requirió la admisión a la UCI para 52.5%, 43.5% y 25.6% pacientes3, respectivamente. La mejor AUC-ROC para mortalidad fue para CURB-65 en la cohorte 3 (AUC-ROC= 0.67). La calibración de los modelos fue adecuada para los tres puntajes (P>0.05). Conclusiones: Ninguno de estos puntajes demostró ser un predictor adecuado de mortalidad e ingreso en UCI. Además, el CRB 65 mostró la capacidad discriminativa más baja.
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BACKGROUND: Infective endocarditis (IE) secondary to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) has high morbidity and mortality. The systematic use of echocardiography in SAB is controversial. We aimed to validate VIRSTA and Predicting Risk of Endocarditis Using a Clinical Tool (PREDICT) scores for predicting the risk of IE in Colombian patients with SAB and, consequently, to determine the need for echocardiography. METHODS: Cohort of patients hospitalized with SAB in 2 high complexity institutions in Medellin, Colombia, between 2012 and 2018. The diagnosis of IE was established based on the modified Duke criteria. The VIRSTA and PREDICT scores were calculated from the clinical records, and their operational performance was calculated. RESULTS: The final analysis included 922 patients, 62 (6.7%) of whom were diagnosed with IE. The frequency of IE in patients with a negative VIRSTA scale was 0.44% (2/454). The frequency of IE in patients with a negative PREDICT scale on day 5 was 4.8% (30/622). The sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of the VIRSTA scale was 96.7% and 99.5%, respectively. For the PREDICT scale on day 5, the sensitivity and NPV were 51.6% and 95.1%, respectively. The discrimination, given by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, was 0.86 for VIRSTA and 0.64 for PREDICT. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with negative VIRSTA, screening echocardiography may be unnecessary because of the low frequency of IE. In PREDICT-negative patients, despite the low frequency of IE, it is not safe to omit echocardiography.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia , Endocardite Bacteriana , Endocardite , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Ecocardiografia , Endocardite Bacteriana/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMO
Background: qSOFA is a score to identify patients with suspected infection and risk of complications. Its criteria are like those evaluated in prognostic scores for pneumonia (CRB-65 - CURB-65), but it is not clear which is best for predicting mortality and admission to the ICU. Objective: Compare three scores (CURB-65, CRB-65 and qSOFA) to determine the best tool to identify emergency department patients with pneumonia at increased risk of mortality or intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods: Secondary analysis of three prospective cohorts of patients hospitalized with diagnosis of pneumonia in five Colombian hospitals. Validation and comparison of the score´s accuracies were performed by means of discrimination and calibration measures. Results: Cohorts 1, 2 and 3 included 158, 745 and 207 patients, with mortality rates of 32.3%, 17.2% and 18.4%, and admission to ICU was required for 52.5%, 43.5% and 25.6%, respectively. The best AUC-ROC for mortality was for CURB-65 in cohort 3 (AUC-ROC=0.67). The calibration was adequate (p>0.05) for the three scores. Conclusions: None of these scores proved to be an appropriate predictor for mortality and admission to the ICU. Furthermore, the CRB 65 exhibited the lowest discriminative ability.
Introducción: el qSOFA es un nuevo puntaje propuesto para ayudar a identificar pacientes con sospecha de infección y con alta probabilidad de desarrollar complicaciones graves. Los criterios del qSOFA son similares a los evaluados en los puntajes de pronóstico usados tradicionalmente en neumonía (CRB-65 y CURB-65), pero no está claro cuál es mejor para predecir la mortalidad y la admisión a la UCI en pacientes con neumonía en el servicio de urgencias. Objetivo: comparar tres puntajes (CURB-65, CRB-65 y qSOFA) para determinar la mejor herramienta para identificar en servicios de urgencias a los pacientes con neumonía con mayor riesgo de mortalidad o ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Métodos: análisis secundario de datos de tres estudios de cohorte prospectivos con pacientes atendidos por urgencias con diagnóstico de neumonía en 5 hospitales de Colombia. Se realizó validación y comparación de la exactitud de los puntajes por medio de medidas de discriminación y de calibración. Resultados: las cohortes 1, 2 y 3 incluyeron 158, 745 y 207 pacientes, con mortalidad de 32.3%, 17.2% y 18.4%, respectivamente. Se requirió la admisión a la UCI para 52.5%, 43.5% y 25.6% pacientes3, respectivamente. La mejor AUC-ROC para mortalidad fue para CURB-65 en la cohorte 3 (AUC-ROC= 0.67). La calibración de los modelos fue adecuada para los tres puntajes (P>0.05). Conclusiones: Ninguno de estos puntajes demostró ser un predictor adecuado de mortalidad e ingreso en UCI. Además, el CRB 65 mostró la capacidad discriminativa más baja.
Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Pneumonia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To analyze the prognostic role of positive cultures in patients with sepsis. METHODS: A prospective cohort study in a tertiary referral hospital in Medellín, Colombia. Adults older than 18 years of age with a bacterial infection diagnosis according to Centers for Disease Control criteria and sepsis (evidence of organ dysfunction) were included. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association between positive cultures and hospital mortality, and a Cox regression with a competing risk modeling approach was used to determine the association between positive cultures and hospital stay as well as secondary infections. RESULTS: Overall, 408 patients had positive cultures, of which 257 were blood culture, and 153 had negative cultures. Patients with positive cultures had a lower risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-0.68), but this association was not maintained after adjusting for confounding factors (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.31-1.01). No association was found with the hospital stay (adjusted subhazard ratio [SHR], 1.06; 95% CI, 0.83-1.35). There was no association between positive cultures and the presence of secondary infections (adjusted SHR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.58-1.71). CONCLUSION: Positive cultures are not associated with prognosis in patients with sepsis.
Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/mortalidade , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Sepse/mortalidade , Idoso , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Colômbia , Resultados de Cuidados Críticos , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Sepse/microbiologia , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between the primary site of infection and in-hospital mortality as the main outcome, or the need for admission to the intensive care unit as a secondary outcome, in patients with sepsis admitted to the emergency department. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort. Patients included in the study were older than 18 years with a diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock who were admitted to the emergency departments of three tertiary care hospitals. Of the 5022 eligible participants, 2510 were included. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed for mortality. RESULTS: The most common site of infection was the urinary tract, present in 27.8% of the cases, followed by pneumonia (27.5%) and intra-abdominal focus (10.8%). In 5.4% of the cases, no definite site of infection was identified on admission. Logistic regression revealed a significant association between the following sites of infection and in-hospital mortality when using the urinary infection group as a reference: pneumonia (OR 3.4; 95%CI, 2.2 - 5.2; p < 0.001), skin and soft tissues (OR 2.6; 95%CI, 1.4 - 5.0; p = 0.003), bloodstream (OR 2.0; 95%CI, 1.1 - 3.6; p = 0.018), without specific focus (OR 2.0; 95%CI, 1.1 - 3.8; p = 0.028), and intra-abdominal focus (OR 1.9; 95%CI, 1.1 - 3.3; p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant association between the different sites of infection and in-hospital mortality or the need for admission to an intensive care unit in patients with sepsis or septic shock. Urinary tract infection shows the lowest risk, which should be considered in prognostic models of these conditions.
OBJETIVO: Determinar en pacientes con sepsis admitidos en el servicio de urgencias la asociación entre el foco infeccioso principal y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria como desenlace principal o requerimiento de ingreso a unidad de cuidados intensivos como desenlace secundario. MÉTODOS: Análisis secundario de cohorte prospectiva multicéntrica. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de sepsis grave o choque séptico atendidos en las salas de urgencias de 3 hospitales de alta complejidad. De 5022 elegibles, se incluyeron 2510 participantes. Análisis de regresión logística múltiple para mortalidad. RESULTADOS: El sitio de infección más frecuente fue tracto urinario, presente en el 27,8% de los casos, seguido de neumonía en el 27,5% y foco intraabdominal en el 10,8%. En el 5,4% de los casos no se identificó foco claro al ingreso. Mediante regresión logística se encontró asociación significativa entre los siguientes sitios de infección y mortalidad intrahospitalaria al tomar como referencia el grupo de infección urinaria: neumonía (OR 3,4; IC95%, 2,2 - 5,2; p < 0,001), piel y tejidos blandos (OR 2,6; IC95%, 1,4 - 5,0; p = 0,003), torrente sanguíneo (OR 2,0; IC95%, 1,1 - 3,6; p = 0,018), sin foco claro (OR 2,0; IC95%, 1,1 - 3,8; p = 0,028), e intraabdominal (OR 1,9; IC95%, 1,1 - 3,3; p = 0,024). CONCLUSIONES: Existe una asociación significativa entre los diferentes sitios de infección y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria o requerimiento de unidad de cuidados intensivos en pacientes con sepsis o choque séptico, siendo la infección de vías urinarias la que confiere el menor riesgo, lo que se deberá tener en cuenta en los modelos pronósticos de estas condiciones.
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Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Sepse/epidemiologia , Choque Séptico/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Colômbia , Feminino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia/complicações , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Sepse/mortalidade , Choque Séptico/mortalidade , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Infecções Urinárias/complicações , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologiaRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar en pacientes con sepsis admitidos en el servicio de urgencias la asociación entre el foco infeccioso principal y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria como desenlace principal o requerimiento de ingreso a unidad de cuidados intensivos como desenlace secundario. Métodos: Análisis secundario de cohorte prospectiva multicéntrica. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de sepsis grave o choque séptico atendidos en las salas de urgencias de 3 hospitales de alta complejidad. De 5022 elegibles, se incluyeron 2510 participantes. Análisis de regresión logística múltiple para mortalidad. Resultados: El sitio de infección más frecuente fue tracto urinario, presente en el 27,8% de los casos, seguido de neumonía en el 27,5% y foco intraabdominal en el 10,8%. En el 5,4% de los casos no se identificó foco claro al ingreso. Mediante regresión logística se encontró asociación significativa entre los siguientes sitios de infección y mortalidad intrahospitalaria al tomar como referencia el grupo de infección urinaria: neumonía (OR 3,4; IC95%, 2,2 - 5,2; p < 0,001), piel y tejidos blandos (OR 2,6; IC95%, 1,4 - 5,0; p = 0,003), torrente sanguíneo (OR 2,0; IC95%, 1,1 - 3,6; p = 0,018), sin foco claro (OR 2,0; IC95%, 1,1 - 3,8; p = 0,028), e intraabdominal (OR 1,9; IC95%, 1,1 - 3,3; p = 0,024). Conclusiones: Existe una asociación significativa entre los diferentes sitios de infección y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria o requerimiento de unidad de cuidados intensivos en pacientes con sepsis o choque séptico, siendo la infección de vías urinarias la que confiere el menor riesgo, lo que se deberá tener en cuenta en los modelos pronósticos de estas condiciones.
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association between the primary site of infection and in-hospital mortality as the main outcome, or the need for admission to the intensive care unit as a secondary outcome, in patients with sepsis admitted to the emergency department. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort. Patients included in the study were older than 18 years with a diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock who were admitted to the emergency departments of three tertiary care hospitals. Of the 5022 eligible participants, 2510 were included. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed for mortality. Results: The most common site of infection was the urinary tract, present in 27.8% of the cases, followed by pneumonia (27.5%) and intra-abdominal focus (10.8%). In 5.4% of the cases, no definite site of infection was identified on admission. Logistic regression revealed a significant association between the following sites of infection and in-hospital mortality when using the urinary infection group as a reference: pneumonia (OR 3.4; 95%CI, 2.2 - 5.2; p < 0.001), skin and soft tissues (OR 2.6; 95%CI, 1.4 - 5.0; p = 0.003), bloodstream (OR 2.0; 95%CI, 1.1 - 3.6; p = 0.018), without specific focus (OR 2.0; 95%CI, 1.1 - 3.8; p = 0.028), and intra-abdominal focus (OR 1.9; 95%CI, 1.1 - 3.3; p = 0.024). Conclusions: There is a significant association between the different sites of infection and in-hospital mortality or the need for admission to an intensive care unit in patients with sepsis or septic shock. Urinary tract infection shows the lowest risk, which should be considered in prognostic models of these conditions.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Choque Séptico/epidemiologia , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Sepse/epidemiologia , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Pneumonia/complicações , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Choque Séptico/metabolismo , Infecções Urinárias/complicações , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Colômbia , Sepse/mortalidade , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the true association between appropriate prescription of antibiotics and prognosis in patients with sepsis, a key issue in health care and quality improvement strategies. METHODS: Prospective cohort study in three university hospitals to determine whether the empirical prescription of antibiotics was adequate or inadequate, and to compare hospital death rates and length of stay according to different classifications of antibiotics prescription. Logistic regression models for risk estimation were fitted. RESULTS: A total of 705 patients with severe sepsis were included. No differences were found in positive-culture patients (n = 545) regarding the risk of death with insufficient spectrum antibiotics, compared to patients who received adequate spectrum antibiotics (OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.55-1.48). Delay in initiating antibiotics was not associated with the risk of death in patients with adequate spectrum of antibiotics, either with positive (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.99-1.08) or negative cultures (OR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.92-1.04). There were no differences in the length of hospital stay, according to the antibiotic prescription (median 11 days, IQR = 7-18 days for the whole cohort). CONCLUSIONS: No associations were found between inadequate antibiotic prescription or delay to initiate therapy and mortality or length of stay.
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Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Choque Séptico/mortalidade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Sepse/microbiologia , Sepse/mortalidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Choque Séptico/tratamento farmacológico , Choque Séptico/microbiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To estimate the effect of each of the EGDT components, as well as of the antibiotics, on length-of-stay and mortality. METHODS: Prospective cohort in three hospitals. Adult patients admitted by the Emergency Rooms (ER) with infection and any of systolic blood pressureâ¯<â¯90â¯mmHg or lactate >4â¯mmol/L. An instrumental analysis with hospital of admission as the instrumental variable was performed to estimate the effect of each intervention on hospital mortality and secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Among 2587 patients evaluated 884 met inclusion criteria, with a hospital mortality rate of 17% (nâ¯=â¯150). In the instrumental analysis, the only intervention associated with an absolute reduction in mortality (21%) was the use of antibiotics in the first 3â¯h. In patients with lactate values ≥4â¯mmol/L in the ER, a non-decrease of at least 10% at six hours was independently associated with mortality (ORâ¯=â¯3.1; 95%CIâ¯=â¯1.5-6.2). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients entering ER with infection and shock or hypoperfusion criteria, the use of appropriate antibiotics in the first 3â¯h is the measure that has the greatest impact on survival. In addition, among patients with hyperlactatemia >4â¯mmol/L, the clearance of >10% of lactate during resuscitation is associated with better outcomes.
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Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Admissão do Paciente , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Estudos de Coortes , Colômbia , Esquema de Medicação , Terapia Precoce Guiada por Metas , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Sepse/mortalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lactate has shown utility in assessing the prognosis of patients admitted to the hospital with confirmed or suspected shock. Some findings of the physical examination may replace it as screening tool. We have determined the correlation and association between clinical perfusion parameters and lactate at the time of admission; the correlation between the change in clinical parameters and lactate clearance after 6 and 24âh of resuscitation; and the association between clinical parameters, lactate, and mortality. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of adult patients hospitalized in the emergency room with infection, polytrauma, or other causes of hypotension. We measured serum lactate, capillary refill time, shock index, and pulse pressure at 0, 6, and 24âh after admission. A Spearman's correlation was performed between clinical variables and lactate levels, as well as between changes in clinical parameters and lactate clearance. The operative characteristics of these variables were determined by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and the association between lactate, clinical variables, and mortality through logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 1,320 patients met the inclusion criteria, 66.7% (nâ=â880) confirmed infection, 19% (nâ=â251) polytrauma, and 14.3% (nâ=â189) another etiology. No significant correlation was found between any clinical variable and lactate values (râ<â0.28). None of the variable had an adequate discriminatory capacity to detect hyperlactatemia (AUCâ<â0.62). In the multivariate model, lactate value at admission was the only variable independently associated with mortality (OR 1.2; 95% CIâ=â1.1-1.1). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with hypoperfusion risk or shock, no correlation was found between clinical variables and lactate. Of the set of parameters collected, lactate at admission was the only independent marker of mortality.