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Tissue Banks have become the main source for bone grafts, due to preference for homologous tissues. Notwithstanding the use of aseptic techniques for procurement of tissues and judicious selection of donors, microorganisms are frequently found in procured bones. Purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors that increase safety of procurement and minimize discard of procured tissues. Microbiological contamination was analyzed in 1271 musculoskeletal tissues removed from 138 multi-organ donors over a period extending from 2006 to 2016. Effects of various risk factors related with contamination were estimated using a logistic regression model. Microbiological contamination rate in the tissues was 17.1%; low pathogenic microorganisms were cultivated in 12.9% of the tissues, while highly pathogenic ones were cultivated in 4.2% of the tissues. Evolution of one single team was monitored during that period, verifying a fall in the general contamination level from 22.5 to 9.2%. Absence of antibiotics increased low pathogenic contamination risk. Every additional day in intensive care unit (ICU) increased the risk of highly pathogenic contamination. Time elapsed between death and the beginning of removal procedures was found to be relevant for both low pathogenic and highly pathogenic microorganisms. Among the studied factors, the following contributed for a significant increase in contamination by microorganisms in removed tissues: lack of use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in donors, quantity of removed tissues, length of admission in ICU and the time elapsed between aortic clamping and beginning of the removal procedure.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency and type of intra-operative periprosthetic fractures and to describe risk factors in a single tertiary, public hospital, so that these events could be prevented, even among less experienced surgeons. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, based on medical records and imaging exams from the archives of a public, tertiary hospital, from April 1998 to October 2013. All consecutive patients submitted to total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the study period were evaluated, excluding unipolar or bipolar arthroplasty, surgery for the osteosynthesis of periprosthetic fractures, surgical procedure to clean infection site without component substitution and not arthroplastic surgery. Data were analyzed with chi-squared test and multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS: In the study period, 1,872 THA (1,728 patients) were performed and analyzed, with 144 bilateral cases. In 173 cases, patients had undergone surgical procedures other than THA previously, and in only 260 the surgery consisted of revision THA. There were only two cases of resection THA. Among all patients 101 intra-operative periprosthetic fractures occurred. The univariate analysis revealed a significantly higher risk of intra-operative fractures in female patients, aged more than 65 years, with indication of primary THA and the presence of a previous hip surgery. It indicated also that revision surgeries were associated with a 2.8-fold higher risk of intra-operative fracture, 2.18-fold risk in a previously operated hip and 3.9-fold in cases of resection THA or revision surgery in two stages. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative periprosthetic fracture is a rare event, and it is associated with revision type surgery and THA in a previously operated hip.

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BACKGROUND: While many authors have recommended surgery for patients with persistent symptoms of external snapping hip, it is unclear which one best relieves symptoms. Concerns with iliotibial band (ITB)-modifying techniques include altering the shape of the lateral thigh and overload of the contralateral abduction mechanism. We describe a new endoscopic technique that decreases the tension of the ITB complex by releasing the femoral insertion of the gluteus maximus tendon (GMT). DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUE: Via an endoscopic approach, we tenotomize the GMT near its insertion at the linea aspera through two trochanteric portals, developing a space beneath the ITB. METHODS: We reviewed eight patients (nine hips) with external snapping hip nonresponsive to nonoperative treatment treated by endoscopic GMT release. There were seven women (one bilateral) and one man, with a mean ± SD age of 35 ± 13.1 years (range, 18-55 years). Mean symptom duration was 36 ± 20.3 months (range, 16-84 months). Minimum followup was 22 months (mean, 32 ± 9.3 months; range, 22-45 months). RESULTS: Snapping and pain resolved in seven patients after the initial procedure. We performed one revision procedure with complete relief of symptoms. All eight patients returned to their previous level of activity. Average modified Harris hip score was 61 points (range, 45-70 points) preoperatively and 78 points (range, 62-93 points) at latest followup. We observed no neurovascular complications. CONCLUSIONS: Our small series suggests endoscopic release of the GMT resolves pain and snapping symptoms in most patients.

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OBJETIVOS: O propósito deste estudo é avaliar os resultados em curto prazo do tratamento artroscópico do impacto femoroacetabular. A hipótese é a de que os resultados do tratamento artroscópico são favoráveis. MÉTODOS: Entre agosto de 2003 e agosto de 2007, 28 quadris foram submetidos ao tratamento do impacto femoroacetabular pela via artroscópica. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 34 anos, com média de seguimento de 27 meses. Quanto à melhora clínica, os pacientes foram avaliados pré e pósoperatoriamente pelo Harris Hip Score (HHS) modificado por Byrd. Os pacientes foram avaliados pré e pós-operatoriamente em relação à rotação interna do quadril acometido. Os valores obtidos nos índices acima foram analisados estatisticamente através do método de Wilcoxon para a avaliação de variáveis não paramétricas. RESULTADOS: O Harris Hip Score médio pré-operatório foi de 54,2 e o pós-operatório, de 94,8 (p < 0,001). O aumento médio do HHS foi de 37,5 pontos. Houve quatro resultados bons (15 por cento) e 24 excelentes (85 por cento). Pré-operatoriamente os pacientes apresentavam rotação interna do quadril média de 17º e pós-operatoriamente, de 36º. O aumento médio de rotação interna foi de 19º (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento artroscópico do impacto femoroacetabular tem resultados satisfatórios.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the short-term follow-up results of arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement. Our hypothesis is that arthroscopic treatment results are favorable. METHODS: Between August 2003 and August 2007, 28 hips had femoroacetabular impingement treated by hip arthroscopy. The mean age was 34 years, with mean follow-up period of 27 months. Clinical results were graded with the modified Harris hip score, which was measured pre-and postoperatively. Patients had also their internal rotation analyzed. These parameters were calculated by using Wilcoxon's t test for analysis of nonparametric paired samples performed. RESULTS: The mean preoperative Harris Hip Score was 54.2, improving to 94.8 postoperatively (p<0,001). The mean increase was 37.5 points. We had 4 good results (15 percent) and 24 excellent results (85 percent). Preoperatively, the patients had a mean internal rotation of 17º, and, postoperatively, 36º. The average internal rotation increase was 19º (p<0,001). CONCLUSIONS: The arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement presents satisfactory results.

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A fratura subcondral da cabeça femoral é afecção pouco conhecida e, consequentemente, pouco diagnosticada. O quadro clínico de dor aguda ou insidiosa com piora progressiva na região inguinal, exacerbada com carga e com alívio em repouso, deve levar à suspeita diagnóstica. O erro comumente feito com o diagnóstico de necrose avascular da cabeça do fêmur pode induzir a indicação de procedimentos invasivos desnecessários no quadril. Com o advento da ressonância nuclear magnética, o diagnóstico dessa afecção pode ser realizado observando os diferentes padrões de edema medular na cabeça do fêmur, possibilitando o tratamento precoce correto.

Subchondral fracture of the femoral head is an uncommon and underdiagnosed affection. The abrupt or gradual onset of groin pain with functional disability on weight-bearing that improves with a resting period should alert the orthopedic surgeon to the possibility of this diagnosis. The differential diagnosis from osteonecrosis of the femoral head can be provided by assessing the different patterns of bone edema on MRI studies of the hip, thus avoiding unnecessary invasive operations on the hip.

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Subchondral fracture of the femoral head is an uncommon and underdiagnosed affection. The abrupt or gradual onset of groin pain with functional disability on weight-bearing that improves with a resting period should alert the orthopedic surgeon to the possibility of this diagnosis. The differential diagnosis from osteonecrosis of the femoral head can be provided by assessing the different patterns of bone edema on MRI studies of the hip, thus avoiding unnecessary invasive operations on the hip.

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the short-term follow-up results of arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement. Our hypothesis is that arthroscopic treatment results are favorable. METHODS: Between August 2003 and August 2007, 28 hips had femoroacetabular impingement treated by hip arthroscopy. The mean age was 34 years, with mean follow-up period of 27 months. Clinical results were graded with the modified Harris hip score, which was measured pre- and postoperatively. Patients had also their internal rotation analyzed. These parameters were calculated by using Wilcoxon's t test for analysis of nonparametric paired samples performed. RESULTS: The mean preoperative Harris Hip Score was 54.2, improving to 94.8 postoperatively (p<0,001). The mean increase was 37.5 points. We had 4 good results (15%) and 24 excellent results (85%). Preoperatively, the patients had a mean internal rotation of 17°, and, postoperatively, 36°. The average internal rotation increase was 19° (p<0,001). CONCLUSIONS: The arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement presents satisfactory results.

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From May 1990 to November 1997, 24 cases of severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis were treated by an osteotomy that is a modification of the Hungria-Kramer intertrochanteric osteotomy proposed by Sugioka (Hungria-Kramer-Sugioka osteotomy or HKS osteotomy). The degree of displacement as seen on the frog-leg lateral radiograph of the proximal femur was measured according to the deviation of the longitudinal axis of the epiphysis from the center line of the neck (Fish classification). All hips were considered as grade III and underwent HKS osteotomy. Sugioka's radiographic study (true AP view with the limb internally rotated until the patella is perpendicular to the x-ray beam, and lateral view with the hip in 90 degrees flexion and 45 degrees abduction) was performed before surgery to show that the real direction of the slip was posterior in relation to the neck. Clinical results were assessed according to Merle-D'Aubigné and Postel system modified by Charnley (hip score system that takes into consideration pain, gait, and joint motion). Roentgenographic results were considered good if none of the following was present: joint space decreased by more than 2 mm (chondrolysis), avascular necrosis of the femoral head, neck-shaft angle of less than 120 degrees, nonunion at the osteotomy site, and a epiphyseal plate still open. Follow-up varied from 31 to 120 months (average 65.1 months).

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Os autores descrevem uma tecnica cirurgica que denominam osteotomia de Hungria e Kramer modificada por Sugioka (HKS). Apresentam os métodos radiogr ficos que permitem estudar a real posição da cabeça femoral nos escorregamentos graves. Acreditam no principio de que a maioria das epifisi¢lises apresenta desvio para posterior, sendo raros os casos associados com o desvio em varo. Analisam 24 quadris com epifisiolise grave, cronica ou cronica agudizada, operados com essa tecnica, encontrando, respectivamente, 83 por cento de resultados clinicos e radiogr ficos satisfatorios, com acompanhamento medio de 65 meses. Comparativamente a outros métodos operatorios, os resultados são considerados bons, com dois casos de condrolise, uma consolidação em varo, uma pseudartrose e nenhum caso de necrose

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Os autores relatam um caso de hemocromatose associado a artropatia, tecem comentários sobre a raridade da doença, diagnóstico, exames complementares, quadro clínico, evoluçäo e o tratamento artroplástico realizado

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