RESUMO
Background: Endophytic bacteria are ubiquitous in all plant species contributing in host plant's nutrient uptake and helping the host to improve its growth. Moringa peregrina which is a medicinal plant, growing in arid region of Arabia, was assessed for the presence of endophytic bacterial strains. Results: PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA of bacterial endophytes revealed the 5 endophytic bacteria, in which 2 strains were from Sphingomonas sp.; 2 strains from Bacillus sp. and 1 from Methylobacterium genus. Among the endophytic bacterial strains, a strain of Bacillus subtilis LK14 has shown significant prospects in phosphate solubilization (clearing zone of 56.71 mm after 5 d), ACC deaminase (448.3 ± 2.91 nM α-ketobutyrate mg-1 h-1) and acid phosphatase activity (8.4 ± 1.2 nM mg-1 min-1). The endophytic bacteria were also assessed for their potential to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Among isolated strains, the initial spectrophotometry analysis showed significantly higher IAA production by Bacillus subtilis LK14. The diurnal production of IAA was quantified using multiple reactions monitoring method in UPLC/MS-MS. The analysis showed that LK14 produced the highest (8.7 uM) IAA on 14th d of growth. Looking at LK14 potentials, it was applied to Solanum lycopersicum, where it significantly increased the shoot and root biomass and chlorophyll (a and b) contents as compared to control plants. Conclusion: The study concludes that using endophytic bacterial strains can be bio-prospective for plant growth promotion, which might be an ideal strategy for improving growth of crops in marginal lands.
Assuntos
Bacillus subtilis/fisiologia , Solanum lycopersicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Bacillus subtilis/isolamento & purificação , Bacillus subtilis/enzimologia , Bacillus subtilis/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Cromatografia/métodos , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiologia , Endófitos , Ácidos Indolacéticos/análiseRESUMO
Three lipid extraction methods of hexane Soxhlet (Sox-Hex), Halim (HIP), and Bligh and Dyer (BD) were applied on freeze-dried (FD) and oven-dried (OD) Chlorella vulgaris biomass to evaluate their effects on lipid yield, fatty acid profile, and algal biodiesel quality. Among these three methods, HIP was the preferred one for C. vulgaris lipid recovery considering both extraction efficiency and solvent toxicity. It had the highest lipid yields of 20.0 and 22.0% on FD and OD biomass, respectively, with corresponding neutral lipid yields of 14.8 and 12.7%. The lipid profiling analysis showed that palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids were the major fatty acids in the algal lipids, and there were no significant differences on the amount of these acids between different drying and extraction methods. Correlative models applied to the fatty acid profiles concluded that high contents of palmitic and oleic acids in algal lipids contributed to balancing the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and led to a high-quality algal biodiesel.
Assuntos
Biocombustíveis/análise , Fracionamento Químico/métodos , Chlorella vulgaris/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/química , Ácidos Graxos/isolamento & purificação , Liofilização/métodos , Biomassa , Chlorella vulgaris/química , Chlorella vulgaris/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Lipídeos/química , Lipídeos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Four lipid extraction methods (Bligh & Dyer, hexane & isopropanol, dichloromethane & methanol, and hexane) were evaluated to extract lipid from freeze- and oven-dried fungus Mortierella isabellina ATCC42613. The highest lipid yield (41.8%) was obtained from Bligh & Dyer extraction on the oven-dried fungal biomass with a methanol:chloroform:water ratio of 2:1:0.8. Other lipid extraction methods on both freeze- and oven-dried samples had lipid yields ranging from 20.7% to 35.9%. Non-polar lipid was the main lipid class (more than 90% of total lipid) in M. isabellina. Regarding fatty acid profile, there was no significant difference on fatty acid concentration between different drying and extraction methods. Estimation of biodiesel fuel properties using correlative models further demonstrated that the fungal biodiesel is a good alternative to fossil diesel.
Assuntos
Biocombustíveis/microbiologia , Biotecnologia/métodos , Lipídeos/biossíntese , Lipídeos/isolamento & purificação , Mortierella/metabolismo , Biomassa , Fracionamento Químico , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , LiofilizaçãoRESUMO
CONTEXT: Many herbal remedies have been employed in the treatment and management of various human ailments since the beginning of human civilization. Vismia is an extensive genus of the family Hypericaceae and consists of small trees inhabiting the tropical and subtropical regions of South and Central America. Within the framework of an International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups project, three Vismia species were studied for their potential anticancer activity. OBJECTIVES: This review is an extensive study of the available scientific literature published and comprises of the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and therapeutic potential of genus of plants under the umbrella Vismia. METHODS: The present review includes 134 natural products with 47 references compiled from the major databases, viz., Chemical Abstracts, Science Direct, SciFinder, PubMed, Dr. Dukes Phytochemical and Ethnobotany, CIMER, and InteliHealth. RESULTS: An exhaustive survey of the accessed literature revealed that flavonoids, flavanols, xanthones, anthraones, anthraquinones, benzophenones, lignans, steroids, monoterpenes and triterpenes constituted the major classes of phytoconstituents of this genus. Pharmacological reports revealed that it is used for skin diseases such as dermatitis, leprosy, syphilis, herpes, scabies and eczemas, and as an anticancer for human breast, CNS, and lung cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION: Genus Vismia plants seem to hold great potential for an in-depth investigation towards discovering biological activities, especially for the treatment of cancers affecting our society. Through this review, the authors hope to attract the attention of natural product researchers throughout the world to focus on the unexplored potential of Vismia plants, with the view of developing new formulations with an improved therapeutic value.