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OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disability insurance grants and related costs for workers with cancer. METHODS: This ecological time series study uses the inflection point regression model and the federal government's open-access dataset. We analyze the annual grant and cost rates of cancer-related disability insurance in Brazil (2010-2021). RESULTS: In 2020, the number of disability insurance grants due to malignant neoplasms decreased by 62.26%, and the total annual cost decreased by 62.94% compared to 2019. All illnesses and injuries were reduced by 2.56% and 20.02%, respectively. Between 2010 and 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic has reversed the increasing trend in annual disability insurance granted due to cancer and its associated expenses to a stable trend. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has harmed the provision of disability insurance for workers with cancer.

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OBJECTIVE: There is a lack of studies evaluating the COVID-19 pandemic effect on breast cancer detection according to age-group. This study aimed to assess the pandemic impact on the trend of mammograms, breast biopsies, and breast cancer stage at diagnosis according to age-group. METHODS: This was an ecological time series study by inflection point regression model. We used data from women aged between 30 and 49, 50 and 69, and 70 years or more available in an open-access dataset of the Brazilian public healthcare system (2017-2021). We analyzed the trend of the variables in the pre-pandemic and the pandemic effect on the total time series. RESULTS: The decreasing or stationary trend of mammograms in the pre-pandemic has changed to a decreasing trend in the total time series in all age-groups. Before the pandemic, the increasing trend of breast biopsies has changed to stationary in the total time series in all age-groups. The increasing trend of tumors at stages 0 to II in the pre-pandemic has changed to decreasing or stationary in the total time series. Finally, the increasing trend of tumors at stage III or IV remained increasing in the total time series in all age-groups. CONCLUSION: The pandemic has changed the stationary or increasing trend to a decreasing or stationary trend of mammograms, breast biopsies, and tumors at stages 0 to II but has not influenced the increasing trend of tumors at stages III and IV in all age-groups.

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BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has overloaded the healthcare systems of many countries and reduced the population's access to treatment and prevention of other diseases. This study aims to assess whether the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively interfered with the trend and the direct costs of screening and chemotherapy treatment of breast cancer in a public and universal healthcare system. METHOD: This was an ecological time series study using an open database of a public and universal health system from 2017 to 2021. RESULTS: In 2020, there was a 41% reduction in the coverage rate of breast cancer screening in women aged 50 to 69 years (about 1 million mammograms missed). The total direct cost of breast cancer screening reduced proportionally to the number of tests (BRL 67 million). On the other hand, the cost of chemotherapy treatment was higher in 2020, both in advanced (BRL 465 million) and localized (BRL 113 million) diseases. In the time series, mammograms' trend and direct costs changed from stationary to decreasing after the COVID-19 pandemic. The trend of direct costs with chemotherapy treatment for the advanced disease has been increasing and has not changed after the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, in the case of localized disease, there was a trend toward reducing direct costs after the pandemic. CONCLUSION: After COVID-19, there was a downward trend in breast cancer screening and its direct costs, an upward trend in chemotherapy costs for advanced disease, and a downward trend in chemotherapy costs for localized disease.

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BACKGROUND: Immunopreventable diseases are a public health reality in Brazil and worldwide, a reality that is not exclusive to children, but affects the adult population. OBJECTIVES: Discriminating the total costs of hospitalizations from immunopreventable diseases in the population aged 20 to 59 years. METHODS: A population, observational, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted with secondary information from DATASUS to discriminate the hospitalizations associated with immunopreventable diseases in Brazil and their care costs, within the Scope of the SUS, between 2008 and 2018, in the economically active population (20 to 59 years). RESULTS: It was analyzed 127,746 hospitalizations for immunopreventable diseases, (27.92% of all hospitalizations) were observed in the adult population, totaled R$115,682,097.54 (29.72% of the total costs). Of this population studied, 51.48% were registered as male; 66.74% were associated with influenza disease; 16.05% to chickenpox/herpes zoster infection and 7.55% to acute hepatitis B infections. The trend analysis of the time series of hospitalizations in this population showed a stationary trend. CONCLUSIONS: The 127,746 hospitalizations could be avoided with immunization, and 127,746 workers who could be working and not hospitalized. There were also R$115,682,097.54 that could be invested in other public health needs, which became necessary for the treatment of preventable diseases.

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INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of the immunopreventable diseases in a population global reality. OBJECTIVE: To discriminate the direct costs of the hospitalizations from the immunopreventable diseases in the Unified Health System (SUS), in Brazil and their areas, between 2008 and 2018. METHODS: A population, observational, descriptive and retrospective study, with data from the information supplied by the DATASUS website, these data were collected during the 2019. RESULTS: It was identified 457,479 hospitalizations in the period; with a total of 2,450,870 days of hospital stay, with total costs of R$389,243,264.85. Only the disease mumps presented a growing tendency in whole areas; the chickenpox was decreasing; the illness whooping cough, yellow fever and tetanus were stationary in this period. CONCLUSIONS: The costs related to immunopreventable diseases were relevant in all the Brazil areas, with tendencies different between the geographic areas and between the several illnesses analysed.

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Objetivo: Avaliar os custos da terapia nutricional de acordo com os diferentes tipos de composi- ções e formulações de dieta enteral e parenteral industrializada. Além disso, comparar os custos da terapia nutricional com a antibioticoterapia. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, documental, retrospectivo, com estratégia qualitativa e quantitativa, a partir da análise de contas hospitalares em uma operadora de saúde do sul do Brasil. Resultados: Foram analisadas 301 contas hospitalares referentes à terapia nutricional de 159 indivíduos. Houve 208 contas apenas com dieta enteral, 32 apenas com dieta parenteral e 61 com dieta enteral e parenteral (uso concomitante ou não). O custo total em dieta foi de 34,30% do valor total das contas hospitalares, comparado com 12,62% em antibioticoterapia (p < 0,0001). A média de custo por dia em dieta enteral especializada foi maior que a padrão (R$ 1.166,91 versus R$ 1.006,45; p = 0,0010); a não polimérica foi maior que a polimérica (R$ 1.210,94 versus R$ 1.063,79; p = 0,0014); a normo ou hipercalórica e hiperproteica foi maior que a normocalórica normoproteica (R$ 1.158,84 e R$ 1.133,61 versus R$ 654,21; p = 0,0036). A média do custo por dia da dieta parenteral especializada foi superior à da padrão (R$ 2.525,44 versus R$ 1.211,21; p < 0,0001), principalmente em razão da dieta imunomoduladora (R$ 3.575,62; p = 0,0001). Conclusão: O custo em terapia nutricional foi significativamente maior que o custo em antibioticoterapia. As formulações de dieta especializadas, com maior complexidade, maior densidade calórica e proteica apresentaram custo significativamente maior.

Objective: To evaluate the costs of nutritional therapy according to the different types of compositions and formulations of industrialized enteral and parenteral diet. In addition, to compare the cost of nutritional therapy in relation to antibiotic therapy. Methods: It is a cross-sectional, documental, retrospective study with a qualitative and quantitative design, based on analysis of hospital accounts from a healthcare service in southern Brazil. Results: We analyzed 301 hospital accounts related to nutritional therapy of 159 individuals. There were 208 accounts with enteral diet, 32 accounts with parenteral diet and 61 accounts with enteral and parenteral diet (concomitant use or not). The total diet cost was 34.30% of the total value of hospital bills, compared to 12.62% in antibiotic therapy (p < 0.0001). The average cost per day of the specialized enteral diet was higher than the standard diet (BRL 1,166.91 versus BRL 1,006.45; p = 0.0010); The non-polymer diet was higher than the polymer diet (BRL 1,210.94 versus BRL 1,063.79, p = 0.0014); The normocaloric or hypercaloric and hyperproteic diet was higher than normocaloric and normoproteic diet (BRL 1,158.84 and BRL 1,133.61 versus BRL 654,21, p = 0.0036). The mean cost per day of the specialized parenteral diet was higher than the standard diet (BRL 2,525.44 versus BRL 1,211.21, p < 0.0001), mainly due to the immunomodulatory diet (R $ 3,575.62, p = 0,0001). Conclusion: The cost of nutritional therapy was significantly higher than the cost of antibiotic therapy. The formulations of specialized diet, with greater complexity, higher caloric density and protein presented a significantly higher cost. The cost of nutritional therapy was significantly higher than the cost of antibiotic therapy.

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OBJECTIVE: To conduct an economic analysis of enteral and parenteral diet costs according to the type of disease and outcome (survivors versus deaths). METHODS: It is a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study with a qualitative and quantitative design, based on analysis of hospital accounts from a healthcare insurance provider in the Southern region of Brazil. RESULTS: We analyzed 301 hospital accounts of individuals who used enteral and parenteral diets. The total cost of the diet was 35.4% of hospital account total costs. The enteral modality accounted for 59.8% of total dietary costs. The major costs with diets were observed in hospitalizations related to infections, cancers and cerebro-cardiovascular diseases. The major costs with parenteral diet were with admissions related by cancers (64.52%) and dementia syndromes (46.17%). The highest ratio between total diet costs with the total of hospital account costs was in dementia syndromes (46.32%) and in cancers (41.2%). The individuals who died spent 51.26% of total of hospital account costs, being 32.81% in diet (47.45% of total diet value and 58.81% in parenteral modality). CONCLUSION: Enteral and parenteral nutritional therapies account for a significant part of the costs with hospitalized individuals, especially in cases of cancers and dementia syndromes. The costs of parenteral diets were higher in the group of patients who died. OBJETIVO: Realizar uma análise econômica de custos da terapia nutricional enteral e parenteral, conforme o tipo de doença e o desfecho (sobreviventes versus óbitos). MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, observacional, retrospectivo, com estratégia qualitativa e quantitativa, a partir da análise de contas hospitalares de uma operadora de saúde da Região Sul do Brasil. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 301 contas hospitalares de usuários que utilizaram dieta enteral e parenteral. O custo total com dieta foi de 35,4% do custo total das contas hospitalares. A modalidade enteral representou 59,8% do custo total em dieta. Os maiores custos com dieta foram observados em internações relacionadas a infecções, cânceres e doenças cérebro-cardiovasculares. Os maiores custos com dieta parenteral foram observados nas internações relacionadas aos cânceres (64,52%) e às síndromes demenciais (46,17%). A maior relação entre o custo total com dieta e o custo total da conta foi na síndrome demencial (46,32%) e no câncer (41,2%). Os usuários que foram a óbito consumiram 51,26% dos custos totais das contas, sendo 32,81% com dieta (47,45% do valor total com dieta e 58,81% do custo na modalidade parenteral). CONCLUSÃO: As terapias nutricionais enteral e parenteral representaram uma parte importante dos custos no tratamento de indivíduos hospitalizados, principalmente nos casos dos cânceres e nas síndromes demenciais. O custo com dieta parenteral foi maior no grupo de usuários que foram a óbito.

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Contexto: O aumento da prevalência das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e o seu impacto negativo no ambiente de trabalho promovem a necessidade de ações para o cuidado com a saúde integral dos trabalhadores. Objetivos: Avaliar a relação da ergonomia com as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e seus fatores de risco no cuidado à saúde integral do trabalhador. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura por meio da busca de artigos indexados nas bases LILACS, SciELO e PubMed, no período de janeiro de 2000 a janeiro de 2016. Resultados: Identificaram-se 1.083 publicações científicas a partir dos descritores utilizados. Vinte e dois artigos estavam em conformidade com o critério de inclusão do estudo. Houve 11 artigos identificados com o descritor "ergonomia" associado com "obesidade", 10 com "sedentarismo", 4 com "doença crônica", 6 com "doença cardiovascular", 2 com "tabagismo" e 1 com "câncer". Os principais assuntos discutidos nos artigos foram o trabalho e os riscos para as doenças cardiovasculares (4 textos), os riscos não ocupacionais e as doenças relacionadas ao trabalho (2), o impacto da obesidade e do sedentarismo na atividade laboral (12), e a importância da ergonomia no cuidado à saúde integral dos trabalhadores (15). Conclusão: As ações ergonômicas são importantes para reduzir o impacto das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e seus fatores de risco nas empresas, por meio das intervenções nos postos de trabalho, na organização laboral, no cuidado à saúde integral do trabalhador e na promoção do autoconhecimento e autocuidado à saúde.

Background: The increase in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases and their negative impact on the workplace result in the need of actions targeting the integral care of the workers' health. Objectives: To assess the relationship between ergonomics and chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors within the context of integral workers' health care. Methods: We performed an integrative review of the literature through a search of articles included in databases LILACS, SciELO and PubMed published from January 2000 to January 2016. Results: Based on the keywords used, 1,083 scientific articles were located, 22 of which met the inclusion criteria. Combination of keywords "ergonomics" and "obesity" allowed locating 11 articles, with "sedentarism" 10 articles, with "chronic disease" 4 articles, with "cardiovascular disease" 6 articles, with "smoking" 2 articles and with "cancer" 1 article. The main topics addressed in the studies were work and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (4 articles), non-occupational risks and work-related diseases (2), impact of obesity and sedentarism on work (12) and relevance of ergonomics in integral workers' health care (15). Conclusion: Ergonomic actions are relevant to reduce the impact of chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in companies through interventions in the workplace, work organization, integral workers' health care and promotion of self-knowledge and self-care in health matters.

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Contexto: Conhecer a relação entre o suporte organizacional e as doenças crônicas e seus fatores de risco pode contribuir no planejamento ações de prevenção e promoção à saúde integral dos trabalhadores. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre o suporte organizacional percebido (SOP) e os fatores de risco para as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em um serviço de saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal, observacional e descritivo, com delineamento correlacional e abordagem quantitativa, através de dados de um questionário de autopreenchimento. Resultados: A taxa de participação da pesquisa foi de 80,24%, com média etária de 36,9 anos, 52,3% com contrato de trabalho por tempo determinado, 38,5% em turno noturno e 69,3% com trabalho exclusivo no serviço. Os riscos mais prevalentes para as DCNT foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica (29,2%), tabagismo (13,8%), sedentarismo (73,8%), dislipidemia (29,2%) e mais de um fator de risco associado (61,6%). O SOP na população estudada foi favorável, principalmente devido ao salário e às relações sociais no trabalho. Não houve relação significativa do SOP, mais de um emprego, turno noturno ou contratação temporária com os riscos para DCNT. Conclusão: O suporte organizacional percebido não aumentou ou reduziu o risco para as DCNT na população estudada.

Background: Accurate knowledge on the relationship between organizational support and chronic diseases and their risk factors might contribute to the planning of prevention and promotion actions focusing on the integral health of workers. Objective: To investigate the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS) and risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCD) in a health service. Methods: The present was a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study, with correlational design and quantitative approach that data collected by means of a self-report questionnaire. Results: The participation rate was 80.24%; the average age of the participants was 36.9 years old; 52.3% of the sample had temporary jobs, 38.5% worked the night shift and for 69.3% this was their only job. The most prevalent risks for NCD were systemic hypertension (29.2%), smoking (13.8%), sedentary lifestyle (73.8%), dyslipidemia (29.2%) and more than one associated risk factor (61.6%). The POS score was favorable, mainly due to the salary and social relationships at the workplace. There was no significant relation between risk for NCD and POS score, more than one job, night shift or temporary job. Conclusion: The perceived organizational support did not increase or reduced the risk for chronic noncommunicable diseases in the study sample.

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ABSTRACT Objective To conduct an economic analysis of enteral and parenteral diet costs according to the type of disease and outcome (survivors versus deaths). Methods It is a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study with a qualitative and quantitative design, based on analysis of hospital accounts from a healthcare insurance provider in the Southern region of Brazil. Results We analyzed 301 hospital accounts of individuals who used enteral and parenteral diets. The total cost of the diet was 35.4% of hospital account total costs. The enteral modality accounted for 59.8% of total dietary costs. The major costs with diets were observed in hospitalizations related to infections, cancers and cerebro-cardiovascular diseases. The major costs with parenteral diet were with admissions related by cancers (64.52%) and dementia syndromes (46.17%). The highest ratio between total diet costs with the total of hospital account costs was in dementia syndromes (46.32%) and in cancers (41.2%). The individuals who died spent 51.26% of total of hospital account costs, being 32.81% in diet (47.45% of total diet value and 58.81% in parenteral modality). Conclusion Enteral and parenteral nutritional therapies account for a significant part of the costs with hospitalized individuals, especially in cases of cancers and dementia syndromes. The costs of parenteral diets were higher in the group of patients who died.

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar uma análise econômica de custos da terapia nutricional enteral e parenteral, conforme o tipo de doença e o desfecho (sobreviventes versus óbitos). Métodos Estudo transversal, observacional, retrospectivo, com estratégia qualitativa e quantitativa, a partir da análise de contas hospitalares de uma operadora de saúde da Região Sul do Brasil. Resultados Foram analisadas 301 contas hospitalares de usuários que utilizaram dieta enteral e parenteral. O custo total com dieta foi de 35,4% do custo total das contas hospitalares. A modalidade enteral representou 59,8% do custo total em dieta. Os maiores custos com dieta foram observados em internações relacionadas a infecções, cânceres e doenças cérebro-cardiovasculares. Os maiores custos com dieta parenteral foram observados nas internações relacionadas aos cânceres (64,52%) e às síndromes demenciais (46,17%). A maior relação entre o custo total com dieta e o custo total da conta foi na síndrome demencial (46,32%) e no câncer (41,2%). Os usuários que foram a óbito consumiram 51,26% dos custos totais das contas, sendo 32,81% com dieta (47,45% do valor total com dieta e 58,81% do custo na modalidade parenteral). Conclusão As terapias nutricionais enteral e parenteral representaram uma parte importante dos custos no tratamento de indivíduos hospitalizados, principalmente nos casos dos cânceres e nas síndromes demenciais. O custo com dieta parenteral foi maior no grupo de usuários que foram a óbito.

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