RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the stability of the unstimulated saliva flow rate (USFR) and the stimulated saliva flow rate (SSFR) in children followed from age 7 to 12 years old. METHODS: Longitudinal study. Whole saliva samples were collected from school children (50 girls and 50 boys). Forty-four girls and 32 boys remained in this cohort for 6 years (dropout rate 24%). Variables that could influence USFR or SSFR patterns were analyzed in a repeated-measures manova. RESULTS: Over a 6-year follow-up, the children's USFR ranged from 0.41 to 0.46 mL/min in the initial and final observation, respectively, and showed no significant differences (P = 0.4455) during the follow-up. The children consistently belonged to one of three distinct SSFR groups (P < 0.0001). A repeated-measures manova model showed that USFR and SSFR were not associated with sex, body mass index, or indoor temperature during sampling. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that USFR and SSFR patterns were stable from 7 to 12 years old. This finding may be useful in oral health prevention or treatment and in the search for biomarkers in saliva for screening or diagnostic purposes.
Assuntos
Saliva/metabolismo , Salivação/fisiologia , Taxa Secretória , Fatores Etários , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , México , Valores de Referência , Fatores Sexuais , Estimulação Química , XerostomiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), an increase in the frequency of human papillomavirus-associated oral lesions (HPV-OL) has been observed. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with HPV-OL in Mexican HIV-infected patients, as well as its genotyping, in the HAART era. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study developed at an HIV/AIDS referral center in Mexico City, HIV-infected patients were consecutively included from 2004 to 2011. An oral exam was performed; lymphocyte CD4(+) count, HIV-viral load, CDC-stage, and HAART use were recorded. HPV-OL samples were taken for routine histopathological analysis (H-E) and HPV-DNA amplification/sequencing. Logistic regression models were performed and the interactions tested using the STATA software. RESULTS: Among 787 HIV patients, 55 (6.9%) showed HPV-OL. HPV-OLs were independently associated with age (≥40 years) and with a longer time of HAART use (≥12 months). The most frequent lesion was squamous cell papilloma in 22 (40%) cases, followed by multifocal epithelial hyperplasia in 15 (27.3%) cases. Labial mucosa was the most common site involved (56.4%). Of the sequences obtained, 65.4% corresponded to low risk and 11.5% to high risk. Mixed high- and low-risk infection were identified in 7.7% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Human papillomavirus-associated oral lesions were associated with older age and longer HAART use. All lesions were benign in nature and most of the HPV sequences corresponded to low-risk types. The rise of HPV-OLs in HIV patients on HAART may be related with the longer life expectancy of individuals with an impaired immune system rather than a direct effect of HAART.
Assuntos
Alphapapillomavirus/fisiologia , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças da Boca/virologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Alphapapillomavirus/classificação , Alphapapillomavirus/genética , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/estatística & dados numéricos , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Estudos Transversais , DNA Viral/análise , Feminino , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal/epidemiologia , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal/virologia , HIV/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Doenças Labiais/epidemiologia , Doenças Labiais/virologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Doenças da Boca/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Bucais/virologia , Papiloma/epidemiologia , Papiloma/virologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Carga ViralRESUMO
Objetivo: Establecer el impacto potencial de los procedimientos clínicos y de salud pública en cuanto a caries, en términos de lineamientos explícitos de evaluación y en el contexto de la investigación científica/profesional directamente relevante a México. Métodos: Revisión estructurada de la literatura sobre temas de prevención y salud de caries en México (1990-2004); se cotejaron los hallazgos con esquemas actualizados de evaluación de la calidad de la evidencia científica y recomendaciones asociadas (Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care). Resultados: Los esquemas de evaluación arrojaron una clasificación cualitativa de la evidencia científica/profesional y de recomendaciones directamente relevantes a intervenciones preventivas de caries. Ciento diecinueve artículos publicados entre 1990 y 2004 (inclusive) cumplieron con criterios de solidez metodológica y fueron agrupados en dos áreas temáticas y cinco niveles de calidad de evidencia. Grosso modo, esta literatura no cubre con la diversidad suficiente ni a profundidad la multiplicidad de temas y retos pertinentes a la salud dental en México. Conclusiones: Este enfoque, permitió identificar la necesidad de continuar documentando ciertos problemas de salud epidemiológicamente importantes. Es fundamental establecer acciones y métodos claramente definidos para extender el conocimiento actualmente disponible, así como operacionalizar esta información en las actividades clínicas y de salud pública
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/tendências , Odontologia Preventiva/tendências , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Fluoretos Tópicos/administração & dosagem , Higiene Bucal/educação , México/epidemiologia , Selantes de Fossas e FissurasRESUMO
Resumen Introducción. El objetivo de este reporte es presentar las asociaciones iniciales de los factores de riesgo inmutable (género y edad) y los factores de riesgo biológico en la línea basal de un modelo diagnóstico de predicción de riesgo a caries. Material y métodos. Se registró en 110 niños entre 6 y 7 años que asisten a 2 escuelas públicas de la Ciudad de México, los siguientes indicadores: clínicos o dentales (morfología, índices de caries y lesiones activas); salivales (flujo salival estimulado y prueba de Snyder); y bacteriológicos (cuentas de Lactobacillus y Streptococcus mutans en saliva y placa dentobacteriana). Resultados. La experiencia de caries se asoció con los siguientes indicadores: morfología, prueba de Snyder y 3 de los indicadores bacteriológicos (ANOVA). Los puntos de corte de riesgo más altos en esta muestra fueron: conteo de S. mutans en saliva (0.96), prueba de Snyder (0.61) y experiencia de caries (0.58). Se usaron 3 modelos de ANOVA con y sin ponderación de los factores de riesgo inmutables, identificando que los indicadores: morfología, lesiones de caries activa y conteo de Lactobacillus salivales son los factores que se asocian de manera significativa con la experiencia de caries en los 3 modelos. Conclusión. El modelo que mejor explica la caries es el que pondera el género R² 62%.
Introduction. The objective of this report is to present the initial associations between age and gender and the biological risk factors at the baseline of a diagnostic model to predict the risk for caries. Material and methods. The following indicators were registered in 110 elementary school children between 6-7 years of age, who attended to 2 public schools in Mexico City: dental (morphology, caries indexes and active caries lesions); salivary (stimulated flow rate and Snyder test); and bacteriological (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts in plaque and saliva). Results. Caries experience was associated with dental morphology, Snyder test and with 3 of the bacterial indicators (ANOVA). When the biological risk factors were analyzed by the cut off point for risk, the following variables were identified: salivary S. mutans counts (0.96), Snyder test (0.61) and history of caries (0.58) as highest. Three models of ANOVA were used with/without weighted immutable risk factors, identifying that the indicators: morphology, active lesions and salivary Lactobacillus counts as the factors significantly associated with the caries experience in the 3 models. Conclusion. The model that best explains the risk for caries is the 1 that weighted for gender R² 62%.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of oral lesions and its association with HIV serological status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between 1998 and 1999 in Mexico City, among 512 subjects attending two information centers of Centro Nacional para la Prevención del VIH/SIDA e ITS (CONASIDA, National Center for Prevention of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections) for HIV serologic testing. The oral examination was performed without knowledge of the HIV status. Statistical analysis was conducted using Student's t test, Fisher's exact test and the chi 2 test; odds ratios and 95% CI were also calculated. RESULTS: A total of 512 individuals were examined, 68 of whom were HIV-positive. HIV-related oral lesions (OL), were evident in 65% (44/68) of the HIV-positive individuals; 95% of them consisted in oral candidosis (OC) and hairy leukoplakia (HL). OC and HL were strongly associated with seropositivity to HIV. CONCLUSIONS: OC and HL were the oral lesions most strongly associated to HIV seropositivity. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.
Assuntos
Soronegatividade para HIV , Soropositividade para HIV/epidemiologia , Doenças da Boca/epidemiologia , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Estudos Transversais , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fumar/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of oral lesions and its association with HIV serological status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between 1998 and 1999 in Mexico City, among 512 subjects attending two information centers of Centro Nacional para la Prevención del VIH/SIDA e ITS (CONASIDA, National Center for Prevention of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections) for HIV serologic testing. The oral examination was performed without knowledge of the HIV status. Statistical analysis was conducted using Student's t test, Fisher's exact test and the chi 2 test; odds ratios and 95 CI were also calculated. RESULTS: A total of 512 individuals were examined, 68 of whom were HIV-positive. HIV-related oral lesions (OL), were evident in 65 (44/68) of the HIV-positive individuals; 95 of them consisted in oral candidosis (OC) and hairy leukoplakia (HL). OC and HL were strongly associated with seropositivity to HIV. CONCLUSIONS: OC and HL were the oral lesions most strongly associated to HIV seropositivity. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Soropositividade para HIV , Soronegatividade para HIV , Doenças da Boca/epidemiologia , Fumar , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , México , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Método Duplo-CegoRESUMO
Estimar valores antropométricos en un grupo de hombres y mujeres de la tercera edad en la Ciudad de México. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en 508 sujetos mayores de 60 años, registrados como jubilados y pensionados del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social o asistentes al Instituto Nacional de la Senectud, durante el segundo semestre de 1995. Se utilizaron protocolos de estandarización para registrar sus caractarísticas antropométricas. Se realizaron pruebas t de Student para detectar diferencias en los valores promedio entre hombres y mujeres, en general, como en cada subgrupo de edad conformado; también el análisis de correlación de Pearson del índice de masa corporal (IMC) con las variables antropométricas; se tomó un nivel de significancia de p<0.05. Resultados. Doscientos treinta individuos de la población de estudio correspondieron al sexo masculino y 278 al femenino, la edad promedio fue de 66.9 y 67.3 años, respectivamente. El promedio de peso en los hombres fue de 70.7 kg, con una desviación estándar (DE) de 9.9, la estatura de 164 cm (DE 6.5) y el IMC de 26.4 (DE 3.7). La distribución del IMC mostró que 50.9 por ciento de los hombres y 54 por ciento de las mujeres evaluados se ubicaron en el rango de 25.0 a 29.9; se obtuvo un coeficiente de correlación superior a r 0.70 (p<0.001) entre el IMC con las circunferencias de cintura y cadera. Conclusiones. Con base en el IMC, aproximadamente tres cuartas partes de la población de estudio presentó sobrepeso u obesidad. Es posible que la evaluación tanto de sobrepeso como de obesidad en el anciano requiera de un ajuste en los valores de normalidad de este índice
The aim of the present study was to estimate basic anthropometric measurements in a group of elderly men and women from Mexico City. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out among senior citizens registered in the National Institute of the Elderly and National Institute of Social security in Mexico City. Standardized protocols were used to measure the anthropometric characteristics of the study group. The analysis included Student t tests to detect differences in average values between men and women in general and in each age subgroup formed. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis of the body mass index (BMI) with anthropometric variables was performed; p<0.05 was taken as the level of significance. Results. A total of 508 people aged 60 or older participated in the study; 230 were males and 278 were females. The average age was 66.9-years-old in the male group and 67.3-years-old in the female group. Among men the average weight was 70.7 kg, standard deviation (SD 9.9), height was 164 cm (SD 6.5) and BMI was 26.4 (SD 3.7). Among women the average weight was 60.8 kg (SD 9.9), height was 150 cm (SD 5.9) and BMI was 27.1 (SD 4.0). The distribution of the BMI showed that 50.9% of men and 54% of women were between 25.0 and 29.9. A correlation coefficient over r 0.70 (