RESUMO

Given the scarcity of studies addressing substance consumption and its relationship with attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas in adolescents, the present study is proposed. Aims of this study are to analyze the relationship among attachment styles, early maladaptive schemas, and substance use; test the predictive role of attachment styles on substance use; and observe the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between attachment and substance use. The sample consisted of 1533 adolescents from Ecuador (53.9% males) aged between 14 and 18 years (M = 15.76; SD = 1.25). The attachment styles of security, value to parental authority, parental permissiveness, parental interference, self-sufficiency and resentment against parents, childhood trauma, and family concern predict substance use (tobacco, alcohol, tranquilizers/sedatives or sleeping pills, hashish or marijuana, cocaine, GHB or liquid ecstasy, ecstasy, amphetamines/speed, hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants/volatiles), and the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas is confirmed (explained variance up to 33.33%). Identifying risk or vulnerability factors, such as attachment and early maladaptive schemas related to substance consumption, is especially relevant for designing and implementing preventive interventions in the adolescent population.

Assuntos

Comportamento do Adolescente , Apego ao Objeto , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Adolescente , Equador , Masculino , Feminino , Relações Pais-Filho

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction/objective: Few studies address the relationship between attachment and impulsiveness in adolescence. Therefore, the objectives of this study have been to study the relationship between attachment, early maladaptive schemas, and impulsiveness, as well as to verify the predictive role of the first two on impulsiveness. Lastly, the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between attachment and impulsiveness is studied. Method: The sample is 1533 adolescents from Ecuador (826 men and 707 women), between 14 and 18 years of age (M = 15.76, SD = 1.25). The following questionnaires were used to measure the study variables: CaMir-R, YSQ-S3, BIS 11. Results: The results reflect how safety, the value of parental authority, parental permissiveness, self-sufficiency and resentment against parents, childhood trauma and the negative/pessimistic schema predict impulsive behaviour. The mediating role of early maladaptive schemas is also confirmed. Conclusions: Knowledge of the role of early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles as risk or vulnerability factors involved in the establishment of impulsive behaviour is very useful in order to implement preventive strategies and an appropriate therapeutic approach.

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Resumen Introducción/objetivo: Son escasos los estudios que abordan la relación entre el apego y la impulsividad en la adolescencia. Por ello, los objetivos del estudio han sido estudiar la relación entre el apego, las estructuras inadaptadas tempranas y la impulsividad, así como comprobar el papel predictivo de los dos primeros sobre la impulsividad. Por último, se estudia el papel mediador de los esquemas inadaptados tempranos en la relación entre el apego y la impulsividad. Método: La muestra es de 1533 adolescentes de Ecuador (826 hombres y 707 mujeres), con edades entre los 14 y 18 años (M = 15.76, DT = 1.25). Se emplearon los siguientes cuestionarios para medir las variables de estudio: CaMir-R, YSQ-S3, BIS 11. Resultados: Los resultados reflejan como la seguridad, el valor a la autoridad parental, la permisividad parental, la autosuficiencia y rencor contra los padres, el traumatismo infantil y el esquema negatividad/pesimismo predicen la conducta impulsiva. Asimismo, se confirma el papel mediador de los esquemas inadaptados tempranos. Conclusiones: El conocimiento del papel que cumplen los esquemas inadaptados tempranos y los estilos de apego como factores de riesgo o vulnerabilidad implicados en el establecimiento de la conducta impulsiva resulta de gran utilidad de cara a implementar estrategias preventivas y un enfoque terapéutico adecuado.