Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Anatomia Artística , Dermatopatias , Ilustração Médica , Pele/lesões , Dermatite , Dermatite Atópica , Eczema , Líquen Plano , Micoses , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Prurido , UrticáriaRESUMO
There is little written about the history of women in dermatology. In this paper, we summarize the information obtained from archival records from the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, one of the first medical schools for women, where several of the early prominent women in dermatology obtained their medical degrees and practiced. Among others, graduates include Rose Hirschler, MD, and Margaret Gray Wood, MD. The school and its graduates made important contributions to dermatology and to the advancement of women in the field. The history of women in dermatology is not well documented, and this historical research provides background in the biographies of pioneering women in an effort to preserve and honor their important work.
Assuntos
Humanos , Dermatologia/métodos , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/terapia , Pele , Dermatite , Dermatite Atópica , Eczema , Fármacos Dermatológicos , Líquen Plano , Micoses , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Pele/lesões , Prurido , UrticáriaRESUMO
Tacrolimus is one of the newer immunosuppressants that act by inhibiting T-cell activation and cytokine release. It is approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, and its safety and efficacy have been extensively studied in large-scale randomized controlled trials and open-label studies worldwide involving over 12,000 patients and up to 3 years of follow-up. Since its introduction, anecdotal reports and case series have found topical tacrolimus also to be effective and well tolerated in patients with a variety of other skin disorders, including other types of eczema, papulosquamous disorders, disorders of cornification, rosacea, other inflammatory skin conditions, vesiculobullous diseases, vitiligo, connective-tissue diseases, graft-versus-host disease, and follicular disorders. This paper reviews the currently available evidence on the use of topical tacrolimus for these conditions, as well as its safety profile and cost-effectiveness. Tacrolimus does appear to offer a safe and efficacious alternative that minimizes the need for topical glucocorticoids and does not cause skin atrophy. However, the risk of systemic absorption is increased with generalized disruption of the skin barrier. Further large-scale studies are needed to clarify the efficacy of topical tacrolimus in a variety of conditions for which anecdotal reports of success exist, especially in regard to different racial groups and in comparison to (as well as in combination with) other existing therapies. Long-term safety data should continue to be monitored and reported.
Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Tacrolimo/administração & dosagem , Administração Cutânea , Dermatite Atópica/patologia , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
Despite an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of rosacea, therapeutic modalities continue to expand. The principal subtypes of rosacea include erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, papulopustular rosacea, phymatous rosacea, and ocular rosacea. These phenotypic expressions are probably caused by divergent pathogenic factors and consequently respond to different therapeutic regimens. A subtype-directed approach to therapy is discussed in part II of this review. We provide an overview of the available topical, oral, laser, and light therapies in the context of these cutaneous subtypes, review the evidence that supports their use, and outline their therapeutic approach. Suggestions for future areas of study also are provided
Assuntos
Humanos , Clindamicina/administração & dosagem , Clindamicina/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Enxofre/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Enxofre/uso terapêutico , Eritromicina/administração & dosagem , Eritromicina/uso terapêutico , Isotretinoína/administração & dosagem , Isotretinoína/uso terapêutico , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Peróxido de Benzoíla/administração & dosagem , Peróxido de Benzoíla/uso terapêutico , Rosácea/prevenção & controle , Rosácea/terapia , Rosácea/tratamento farmacológico , Sulfacetamida/administração & dosagem , Sulfacetamida/uso terapêutico , Tetraciclina/administração & dosagem , Tetraciclina/uso terapêutico , Tretinoína/administração & dosagem , Tretinoína/uso terapêutico , Óxido de Zinco/administração & dosagem , Óxido de Zinco/uso terapêutico , Fototerapia , Lasers/uso terapêutico , Titânio/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Rosacea is one of the most common conditions dermatologists treat. Rosacea is most often characterized by transient or persistent central facial erythema, visible blood vessels, and often papules ans pustules. Based on patterns of physical findings, rosacea can be classified into 4 broad subtypes: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular. The cause of rosacea remains somewhat of a mystery. Several hypotheses have been documented in the literature and include potential roles for vascular abnormalities, dermal matrix degeneration, environmental factors, and microorganisms such as Demodex folliculorum and Helicobacter pylory. This article reviews the current literature on rosacea with emphasis placed on the new classification system and the main pathogenic theories.