RESUMO
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury often triggers ventricular arrhythmia. Citrate binds calcium ions, forming a soluble calcium citrate complex that may reduce I/R injury by affecting calcium ion concentration. We tested the effects of citrate pretreatment on ventricular heart rate and related factors in a rat I/R model. Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 350-400 g were randomly divided into equally sized control (A), model (B), and 0.1 M (C), 0.05 M (D), and 0.025 M (E) citrate groups. An I/R model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Serum calcium ion concentration was measured before and after citrate treatment. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and spectrophotometry were used to determine infarction area and caspase-3 protein levels in myocardial tissue, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to test myocardial calmodulin (CAM) expression. The frequency of ventricular arrhythmia in group B was significantly higher than in the sham surgery group (P < 0.05). Citrate pretreatment resulted in lower and higher frequencies than those observed in the model and control groups, respectively, in a dose-independent manner. The most obvious reduction in ventricular arrhythmia was seen in Group D. Serum calcium ion concentration decreased markedly after citrate treatment (P < 0.05), with a specific pattern emerging over time. Infarction area and caspase-3 and CAM levels were significantly lower in the citrate groups compared with the model group (P < 0.05). Citrate can reduce myocardial cell apoptosis, alleviating ventricular arrhythmia and protecting the myocardium by reducing serum calcium ion concentration and downregulating caspase-3 and CAM expression.
Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/tratamento farmacológico , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Ácido Cítrico/uso terapêutico , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/tratamento farmacológico , Miocárdio/enzimologia , Animais , Arritmias Cardíacas/complicações , Arritmias Cardíacas/enzimologia , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrilação Atrial/enzimologia , Cálcio/sangue , Calmodulina/metabolismo , Ácido Cítrico/farmacologia , Ventrículos do Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Íons , Masculino , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/enzimologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Taquicardia/complicações , Taquicardia/tratamento farmacológico , Taquicardia/enzimologia , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/complicações , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/tratamento farmacológico , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/enzimologiaRESUMO
Bama Xiang and Landrace pigs are the local fatty and lean breeds, respectively, in China. We compared differences in carcass traits, meat quality traits, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) types in the longissimus dorsi muscles between Bama Xiang and Landrace pigs. This was done in pigs of the same age, using real-time PCR, to investigate the relationship between MyHC fiber types and carcass characteristics, meat quality traits, and the key factors regulating muscle fiber type. Bama Xiang pigs exhibited smaller size and slower growth than Landrace pigs (P < 0.01). We found that the superior meat quality, especially the high intramuscular fat (IMF) content in Bama Xiang pig, was related to elevated type I oxidative muscle fiber content (P < 0.01). In contrast, Landrace pig muscle had a higher glycolytic type IIb muscle fiber content (P < 0.01). MyHC I gene expression was significantly positively correlated with backfat thickness and IMF content (P < 0.01). MyHC IIb was significantly negatively correlated with IMF content (P < 0.05), and positively correlated with carcass yield (P < 0.05). AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-g coactivator-1a are suggested to be the two key factors regulating muscle fiber type in pigs. Our results indicate that muscle fiber composition is one of the key differences leading to the differences of meat quality between Bama Xiang and Landrace pigs. These results may provide a theoretical basis for further studies of the molecular mechanism underlying the excellent meat quality of the Bama Xiang pig.
Assuntos
Carne/normas , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/fisiologia , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/genética , Suínos/fisiologia , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/genética , Animais , Peso Corporal/genética , Cruzamento , China , Expressão Gênica , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/biossíntese , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Suínos/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genéticaRESUMO
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in lipid metabolism. This study investigated LPL gene expression, LPL enzyme activity, and the correlation of each with intramuscular fat (IMF) in Chinese Guangxi san-huang (GXSH) and Arbor Acres (AA) chickens. The results showed that age and breed had significant effects on LPL expression and enzyme activity. Correlation analyses showed significant positive correlations between LPL expression levels and IMF contents in the breast and thigh tissues of both GXSH (r = 0.712, P = 0.001; r = 0.792, P < 0.001, respectively) and AA (r = 0.644, P < 0.001; r = 0.545, P < 0.001, respectively) chickens. The results also indicated a significant positive correlation between LPL enzyme activity and IMF contents in the breast and thigh tissues of both GXSH (r = 0.615, P = 0.001; r = 0.685, P < 0.001, respectively) and AA (r = 0.600, P = 0.001; r = 0.528, P = 0.003, respectively) chickens. The results indicated that the LPL gene was significantly correlated with IMF in these two breeds. The results presented here could contribute to knowledge of LPL mRNA developmental expression patterns and enzyme activity, and it could facilitate further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying IMF deposition in chickens.
Assuntos
Galinhas/genética , Lipase Lipoproteica/genética , Carne/normas , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animais , Lipase Lipoproteica/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismoRESUMO
Matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP-1) has been reported to be involved in the coexistence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary heart disease (CHD). We sought to examine the association between the MMP-1 gene polymorphism and coexistence of T2DM and CHD in a Han Chinese population. We extracted genomic DNA from the peripheral blood of 794 subjects, including 378 patients with coexisting T2DM and CHD and 416 healthy controls. We selected several single nucleotide polymorphisms of the MMP-1 gene and genotyped them using the MassARRAY system, before analyzing the data with Haploview 4.0 and SPSS 20.0. A statistical difference was found in the distribution of rs1799750 genotypes between the patient and control groups (P = 0.041). The frequency of the 2G/2G genotype was 44.25 and 37.0% among patients and control subjects, respectively. Moreover, the frequency of the 2G allele was 65.9% among patients and 59.6% in the control group, and this difference was found to be significant (P = 0.010). Elevated body mass index was also associated with the 2G/2G genotype. Thus, MMP-1 rs1799750 may be involved in the development of coexisting T2DM and CHD in the Han Chinese population.
Assuntos
Doença das Coronárias/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Alelos , Povo Asiático , Doença das Coronárias/complicações , Doença das Coronárias/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-like protein 5 (GALNTL5) is a newly identified protein that is specifically expressed in testis tissue and participates in spermatogenesis. In this study, we characterized a novel bovine GALNTL5 splice variant, designated as GALNTL5-AS, by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and clone sequencing methods. The novel GALNTL5 isoform was derived from the complete transcript, GALNTL5-complete, via alternative splicing (AS). The pattern of the splice variant was exon skipping. Bovine GALNTL5 transcripts were expressed in the testis, as demonstrated by RT-PCR. The expression levels of both transcripts were higher in adult testes than in calf testes (P < 0.05). In addition, prediction analysis showed that the GALNTL5-AS transcript only encoded 122 amino acids and lost its glycosyltransferase 1 and Gal/GalNAc-T motifs, which may result in a dysfunctional protein compared with the predominant transcript GALNTL5-complete. This study improves our understanding of the bovine GALNTL5 gene function during bull sperm formation.
Assuntos
Processamento Alternativo , N-Acetilgalactosaminiltransferases/genética , Testículo/metabolismo , Motivos de Aminoácidos , Animais , Bovinos , Éxons , Isoenzimas/química , Isoenzimas/genética , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Masculino , N-Acetilgalactosaminiltransferases/química , N-Acetilgalactosaminiltransferases/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismoRESUMO
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) leukocytes are primary phagocytic cells of the bovine mammary gland and a first line of defense against invading pathogens during bovine mastitis infection. Cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) is mainly expressed in macrophages and neutrophils and acts as a co-receptor that binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and recruits PMNs to CD14-LPS complexes in mammary epithelial cells. In this study, we identified a novel splice variant in PMNs, named CD14-SV, characterized by a deleted region from c.143-579 nt compared to the CD14 reference mRNA sequence. Moreover, a single nucleotide polymorphism (c.523 A>G) in exon 2 of CD14 was identified and found to modify the secondary structure and hydrophilicity of the CD14 protein. Association analysis also showed that the milk somatic cell score, an indicator of mastitis, of cows with the GG genotype was lower than that of cows with the AA and AG genotypes. Our findings suggest that the expression of CD14 in bovine blood PMNs is regulated by alternative splicing, and that CD14-SV is a candidate functional marker that may influence mastitis-resistance in dairy cows.
Assuntos
Bovinos/genética , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos/genética , Mastite Bovina/genética , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Processamento Alternativo , Animais , Feminino , Variação Genética , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos/metabolismo , Masculino , Mastite Bovina/sangue , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismoRESUMO
The hypothalamus is an important component of the nervous system, and neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and neuromedin U (NMU) are key players in physiological regulation. Puerarin is important for nerve regulation. We investigated the effect of puerarin on the expression of NMU, NPY, and POMC genes in the hypothalamus. The results showed that the puerarin low-dose group and the other groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in NMU, POMC, and NPY among the groups.
Assuntos
Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Isoflavonas/farmacologia , Neuropeptídeo Y/genética , Neuropeptídeos/genética , Pró-Opiomelanocortina/genética , Animais , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Hipotálamo/efeitos dos fármacos , Neuropeptídeo Y/efeitos dos fármacos , Neuropeptídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Pró-Opiomelanocortina/efeitos dos fármacos , RatosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Elevated plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer levels indicate activation of hemostasis and fibrinolysis, and this activation is required for tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion. Previous studies demonstrated that the plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer levels correlate with patient's prognosis in several solid tumors. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer levels before and during chemotherapy and treatment response and survival in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). METHODS: Plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer levels before and during chemotherapy were prospectively measured in 74 SCLC patients who received first-line therapy. The results were analyzed for correlation between fibrinogen and D-dimer levels and treatment response, as well as progressive-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: The levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer in SCLC patients before (C0) and after two cycles (C2) of chemotherapy were significantly higher than those in controls. Fibrinogen and D-dimer levels decreased during chemotherapy, and changes in fibrinogen and D-dimer levels between at C0 and at C2 were associated with treatment response. No matter which disease stage, patients with fibrinogen or D-dimer positivities at C0 and C2 time points had worse PFS and OS than those with fibrinogen or D-dimer negativities. Multivariate analyses revealed that fibrinogen and D-dimer positivities after two chemotherapy cycles were independently unfavorable factors for PFS and OS. CONCLUSION: Fibrinogen and D-dimer levels after two cycles of chemotherapy are predictors for response on chemotherapy and prognosis in SCLC patients.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/sangue , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/fisiologia , Etoposídeo/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/análise , Fibrinogênio/análise , Humanos , Imunoensaio , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/mortalidadeRESUMO
In the present study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Cyclemys dentata was determined using PCR reactions. The structural organization and gene order of C. dentata were equivalent to those of most other vertebrates. The mt genome was 16,489 bp in length, has rich A+T content, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). All protein-coding genes started with ATG, many genes have complete stop codons, except ND2, COX3, ND3, and cyt-b genes had incomplete stop codons of T. The light-strand replication origin (OL) of C. dentata might fold into a stable stem-loop secondary structure, and its loop had 2 nt less than that of the Cyclemys atripons OL sequence. The D-Loop of C. dentata contained a central domain (CD), 2 extended termination associated sequences (ETAS1, ETAS2) and 3 conserved sequence blocks (CSB1, CSB2, CSB3). The average length of 20 turtles' mt genomes was 16,692.5 bp, including 34.1% A, 27.0% T, 26.0% C and 12.9% G. The C. dentata mitochondrial genome could provide useful data for further studies on phylogenetics and conservation genetics of this species. The phylogenetic relationships of the family Geoemydidae were analyzed by maximum-likelihood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) based on concatenated sequences of 13 protein-coding genes from 20 turtle species. The ML and NJ trees had homologous topologies. The results support the existing classification of the genera of Geoemydidae, that C. dentata was a sister species of C. atripons, Pyxidea nested in Cuora, and Chinemys was synonymous with Mauremys.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Filogenia , Tartarugas/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , DNA Circular/química , DNA Circular/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/química , DNA Mitocondrial/classificação , Ordem dos Genes , Genes Mitocondriais/genética , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Tartarugas/classificaçãoRESUMO
The influence of ruminal acidosis on ruminal microbiology and metabolite production has received considerable attention, but little is known regarding the systemic manifestations that arise from ruminal acidosis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is released in the gastrointestinal tract upon ingestion of high-grain or high-fat diets, and it has been implicated in the etiology of multiple energy- and lipid-related metabolic disturbances in ruminants. The liver plays a crucial role in the acute phase response to intruding pathogens. The effect of blood LPS in subacute ruminal acidosis on lipid metabolism in the liver has not been established. In this study, cell cultures were photographed using an inverted microscope. We observed that hepatocytes changed their morphologies from irregular triangle to circular (contraction) shapes; the number of contracted cells increased with the increasing LPS doses. This suggests that LPS can promote cell contraction and take off the wall, ultimately leading to cell apoptosis. With changes in LPS exposure, hepatocyte number also changes. We explored lipid metabolism in the liver using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to detect the expression of key lipid metabolism enzymes in hepatocytes. We found that Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway mediated by LPS could attenuate mRNA expression of fatty acid synthesis genes and increase the expression of fatty acid transport genes in primary hepatocytes following LPS treatment in dairy cows.