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We achieve a successful transition of Co4O4 molecules from a homogeneous to a heterogeneous system by modifying the functional groups at their termini. The resulting cocatalyst, denoted as Co4O4-poly, not only preserved the catalytic sites of Co4O4 molecules but also exhibited outstanding performance in catalyzing water oxidation.
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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: We initiated this multicenter study to integrate important risk factors to create a nomogram for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for clinician decision-making. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between April 2011 and March 2022, 2281 HCC patients with an HBV-related diagnosis were included. All patients were randomly divided into two groups in a ratio of 7:3 (training cohort, n = 1597; validation cohort, n = 684). The nomogram was built in the training cohort via Cox regression model and validated in the validation cohort. RESULTS: Multivariate Cox analyses revealed that the portal vein tumor thrombus, Child-Pugh class, tumor diameter, alanine aminotransferase level, tumor number, extrahepatic metastases, and therapy were independent predictive variables impacting overall survival. We constructed a new nomogram to predict 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates based on these factors. The nomogram-related receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.809, 0.806, and 0.764 in predicting 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates, respectively. Furthermore, the calibration curves revealed good agreement between real measurements and nomogram predictions. The decision curve analyses (DCA) curves demonstrated excellent therapeutic application potential. In addition, stratified by risk scores, low-risk groups had longer median OS than medium-high-risk groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The nomogram we constructed showed good performance in predicting the 1-year survival rate for HBV- related HCC.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiologia , Vírus da Hepatite B , Nomogramas , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiologia , Área Sob a CurvaRESUMO
A facile and efficient strategy is described in this communication for preparing a molecular catalyst/semiconductor hybrid photoanode by immobilizing a cobalt cubane water oxidation catalyst onto a porous BiVO4 electrode via electrochemical polymerization. With the introduction of Vpa as the anchoring linkage, the poly-1/Vpa/Al2O3/BiVO4 photoanode exhibits high performance as well as stability for photoelectrochemical water oxidation.
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A highly sensitive and selective colorimetric assay based on a multifunctional molecular beacon with palindromic tail (PMB) was proposed for the detection of target p53 gene. The PMB probe can serve as recognition element, primer, and polymerization template and contains a nicking site and a C-rich region complementary to a DNAzyme. In the presence of target DNA, the hairpin of PMB is opened, and the released palindromic tails intermolecularly hybridize with each other, triggering the autonomous polymerization/nicking/displacement cycles. Although only one type of probe is involved, the system can execute triple and continuous polymerization strand displacement amplifications, generating large amounts of G-quadruplex fragments. These G-rich fragments can bind to hemin and form the DNAzymes that possess the catalytic activity similar to horseradish peroxidase, catalyzing the oxidation of ABTS by H2O2 and producing the colorimetric signal. Utilizing the newly proposed sensing system, target DNA can be detected down to 10 pM with a linear response range from 10 pM to 200 nM, and mutant target DNAs are able to be distinguished even by the naked eye. The desirable detection sensitivity, high specificity, and operation convenience without any separation step and chemical modification demonstrate that the palindromic molecular beacon holds the potential for detecting and monitoring a variety of nucleic acid-related biomarkers.
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Colorimetria/métodos , DNA Catalítico/química , DNA/análise , Genes p53/genética , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Sequência de Bases , Benzotiazóis/química , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Compostos Cromogênicos/química , DNA/genética , DNA Catalítico/genética , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/genética , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Ácidos Sulfônicos/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Unlike arteries, in which regionally distinct hemodynamics are associated with phenotypic heterogeneity, the relationships between endocardial endothelial cell phenotype and intraventricular flow remain largely unexplored. We investigated regional differences in left ventricular wall shear stress and their association with endocardial endothelial cell gene expression. METHODS AND RESULTS: Local wall shear stress was calculated from 4-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging in 3 distinct regions of human (n=8) and pig (n=5) left ventricle: base, adjacent to the outflow tract; midventricle; and apex. In both species, wall shear stress values were significantly lower in the apex and midventricle relative to the base; oscillatory shear index was elevated in the apex. RNA sequencing of the endocardial endothelial cell transcriptome in pig left ventricle (n=8) at a false discovery rate ≤10% identified 1051 genes differentially expressed between the base and the apex and 327 between the base and the midventricle; no differentially expressed genes were detected at this false discovery rate between the apex and the midventricle. Enrichment analyses identified apical upregulation of genes associated with translation initiation including mammalian target of rapamycin, and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signaling. Genes of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation were also consistently upregulated in the left ventricular apex, as were tissue factor pathway inhibitor (mean 50-fold) and prostacyclin synthase (5-fold)-genes prominently associated with antithrombotic protection. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first spatiotemporal measurements of wall shear stress within the left ventricle and linked regional hemodynamics to heterogeneity in ventricular endothelial gene expression, most notably to translation initiation and anticoagulation properties in the left ventricular apex, in which oscillatory shear index is increased and wall shear stress is decreased.
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Endocárdio/metabolismo , Ventrículos do Coração/metabolismo , RNA/genética , Resistência ao Cisalhamento/fisiologia , Animais , Técnicas de Imagem Cardíaca , Endocárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Endocárdio/fisiologia , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Biblioteca Genômica , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Suínos , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Understanding the recovery dynamics of ecosystems presents a major challenge in the human-impacted tropics. We tested whether secondary forests follow equilibrium or non-equilibrium dynamics by evaluating community reassembly over time, across different successional stages, and among multiple life stages. Based on long-term and static data from six 1-ha plots in NE Costa Rica, we show that secondary forests are undergoing reassembly of canopy tree and palm species composition through the successful recruitment of seedlings, saplings, and young trees of mature forest species. Such patterns were observed over time within sites and across successional stages. Floristic reassembly in secondary forests showed a clear convergence with mature forest community composition, supporting an equilibrium model. This resilience stems from three key factors co-occurring locally: high abundance of generalist species in the regional flora, high levels of seed dispersal, and local presence of old-growth forest remnants.