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The environmental and economic impact of an oil spill can be significant. Biotechnologies applied during a marine oil spill involve bioaugmentation with immobilised or encapsulated indigenous hydrocarbonoclastic species selected under laboratory conditions to improve degradation rates. The environmental factors that act as stressors and impact the effectiveness of hydrocarbon removal are one of the challenges associated with these applications. Understanding how native microbes react to environmental stresses is necessary for effective bioaugmentation. Herein, Micrococcus luteus and M. yunnanensis isolated from a marine oil spill mooring system showed hydrocarbonoclastic activity on Maya crude oil in a short time by means of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) at 144 h: M. luteus up to 98.79 % and M. yunnanensis 97.77 % removal. The assessment of Micrococcus biofilms at different temperature (30 °C and 50 °C), pH (5, 6, 7, 8, 9), salinity (30, 50, 60, 70, 80 g/L), and crude oil concentration (1, 5, 15, 25, 35 %) showed different response to the stressors depending on the strain. According to response surface analysis, the main effect was temperature > salinity > hydrocarbon concentration. The hydrocarbonoclastic biofilm architecture was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Subtle but significant differences were observed: pili in M. luteus by SEM and the topographical differences measured by AFM Power Spectral Density (PSD) analysis, roughness was higher in M. luteus than in M. yunnanensis. In all three domains of life, the Universal Stress Protein (Usp) is crucial for stress adaptation. Herein, the uspA gene expression was analysed in Micrococcus biofilm under environmental stressors. The uspA expression increased up to 2.5-fold in M. luteus biofilms at 30 °C, and 1.3-fold at 50 °C. The highest uspA expression was recorded in M. yunnanensis biofilms at 50 °C with 2.5 and 3-fold with salinities of 50, 60, and 80 g/L at hydrocarbon concentrations of 15, 25, and 35 %. M. yunnanensis biofilms showed greater resilience than M. luteus biofilms when exposed to harsh environmental stressors. M. yunnanensis biofilms were thicker than M. luteus biofilms. Both biofilm responses to environmental stressors through uspA gene expression were consistent with the behaviours observed in the response surface analyses. The uspA gene is a suitable biomarker for assessing environmental stressors of potential microorganisms for bioremediation of marine oil spills and for biosensing the ecophysiological status of native microbiota in a marine petroleum environment.

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OBJECTIVES: To describe the burden and causes of disease in Mexican women in 1990 and 2019, based on the data disaggregation by age groups and states. Also, to evaluate the relationship of years of healthy life lost with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index. STUDY DESIGN: This was an ecological descriptive study. METHODS: Based on the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study study, the age-standardized and age-specific rates for mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were reported. RESULTS: At the national level, the all-cause age-standardized rates for Mexican women decreased in mortality -28.8%; YLLs -39.8%; YLDs -1.3%; and DALYs -26.2%. For 2019, the indicators analyzed had the worst performances in Chiapas and Chihuahua, while women in Sinaloa had the lowest age-standardized rates. In 1990, it is worth noting that there was a remarkable presence of CDs, mainly in YLLs. In all age groups, diabetes mellitus was the leading cause of DALYs in Mexico's 32 states, followed by CKD (in 24 states), and ischemic heart disease (in 18 states). In both 1990 and 2019, a negative and statistically significant correlation between DALYs and the HAQ Index was evident. The correlation between DALYs and the SDI was only significant in 1990. CONCLUSION: In the last 30 years, the burden of disease on Mexican women has undergone substantial changes that reflect progress in the improvement of their health conditions. However, the current scenario is complex because the convergence of communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, and injuries is evident, which implies important challenges that must be addressed as soon as possible.

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JUSTIFICATION: In Mexico, the number of unidentified bodies has been steadily rising for years. By now, more than 50,000 bodies are considered unidentified. Forensic laboratories that could perform comparative molecular genetic investigation are often overburdened and examinations can take months. Therefore, pragmatic approaches that can help to identify more unknown bodies must be sought. The increased use of distinctive physical features might be one, and the high rate of tattooed people in Mexico points towards a great potential of tattoos as a tool for identification. The prerequisite for a comparison of antemortem (missing persons) and postmortem (unknown bodies) data is an objective description of the particularities, e.g., of the tattoos. The aim of this study was to establish an objective classification for tattoo motives, taking into consideration local preferences. METHODS: In the database of the medicolegal services of the Instituto Jaliscience de Ciencias Forenses (IJCF) in Guadalajara, postmortem data of 1000 tattooed bodies from 2019 were evaluated. According to sex and age, the tattooed body localization and the tattoo motives were categorized. RESULTS: The 1000 tattooed deceased showed tattoos on 2342 body localizations. The motives were grouped and linked to the following 11 keywords (with decreasing frequency): letters/numbers, human, symbol (other), plant, symbol (religious), animal, object, fantasy/demon/comic, tribal/ornament/geometry, other, unrecognizable. CONCLUSION: Using the proposed classification, tattoo motives can be described objectively and classified in a practical way. If used for antemortem (missing persons) and postmortem (unknown bodies) documentation, motives can be searched and compared efficiently-helping to identify unknown bodies.

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Many surgical techniques have been used to address unstable distal third clavicle fractures. Complications and the need for hardware removal are still a concern. We propose a surgical technical using high-strength sutures to restore vertical and horizontal stability in Neer type II and Neer type V distal-third clavicle fractures. It has been used in three cases; two type V and one type II. In all cases, bone healing was achieved uneventfully and all patients resumed their pre-injury activities including sports at sixmonths postoperatively. The coraco-clavicular loop and tension band suture technique is a simple procedure that allows vertical and horizontal stabilization of the fracture. It achieves good clinical results and it may be a costeffective alternative to other techniques although a longer series and longterm followup is required to adequately assess the results.

Se han descrito diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas para el tratamiento de las fracturas inestables del tercio distal de la clavícula. Las complicaciones asociadas y la necesidad de retirar los implantes siguen siendo motivo de preocupación. Proponemos una técnica quirúrgica que utiliza suturas de alta resistencia para restaurar la estabilidad vertical y horizontal en las fracturas del tercio distal de la clavícula de tipo II y V de la clasificación de Neer. Esta técnica se ha utilizado en tres casos; dos de tipo V y uno de tipo II. En todos se obtuvo la consolidación ósea y todos reanudaron sus actividades previas a la lesión, incluyendo actividad deportiva, a los seis meses de la cirugía. La técnica de cerclaje coracoclavicular y banda de tensión con sutura es un procedimiento sencillo que permite la estabilización vertical y horizontal de la fractura. Permite obtener buenos resultados clínicos y puede ser una alternativa coste-efectiva eficaz en el tratamiento de estas lesiones aunque se requiere una serie más larga y un seguimiento a largo plazo para evaluar adecuadamente los resultados.

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Resumen: Se han descrito diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas para el tratamiento de las fracturas inestables del tercio distal de la clavícula. Las complicaciones asociadas y la necesidad de retirar los implantes siguen siendo motivo de preocupación. Proponemos una técnica quirúrgica que utiliza suturas de alta resistencia para restaurar la estabilidad vertical y horizontal en las fracturas del tercio distal de la clavícula de tipo II y V de la clasificación de Neer. Esta técnica se ha utilizado en tres casos; dos de tipo V y uno de tipo II. En todos se obtuvo la consolidación ósea y todos reanudaron sus actividades previas a la lesión, incluyendo actividad deportiva, a los seis meses de la cirugía. La técnica de cerclaje coracoclavicular y banda de tensión con sutura es un procedimiento sencillo que permite la estabilización vertical y horizontal de la fractura. Permite obtener buenos resultados clínicos y puede ser una alternativa coste-efectiva eficaz en el tratamiento de estas lesiones aunque se requiere una serie más larga y un seguimiento a largo plazo para evaluar adecuadamente los resultados.

Abstract: Many surgical techniques have been used to address unstable distal third clavicle fractures. Complications and the need for hardware removal are still a concern. We propose a surgical technical using high-strength sutures to restore vertical and horizontal stability in Neer type II and Neer type V distal-third clavicle fractures. It has been used in three cases; two type V and one type II. In all cases, bone healing was achieved uneventfully and all patients resumed their pre-injury activities including sports at six-months postoperatively. The coraco-clavicular loop and tension band suture technique is a simple procedure that allows vertical and horizontal stabilization of the fracture. It achieves good clinical results and it may be a cost-effective alternative to other techniques although a longer series and long-term follow-up is required to adequately assess the results.

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RESUMEN Introducción: El tutor es fundamental en la formación de estudiantes del posgrado, su trabajo no se enfoca únicamente en la dirección de la tesis; además debe fomentar el desarrollo de otras habilidades en el alumno al incorporarlo al conocimiento tácito en comunidades de investigación. Esto implica que el tutor muestre competencias en la tutoría, de ahí la importancia de reconocerlas y autoevaluarlas tanto en forma crítica como reflexiva para su mejora. Objetivo: Analizar y autoevaluar las competencias de los tutores de un posgrado en enfermería. Método: Los tutores fueron invitados a participar de manera libre y voluntaria en grupos focales, con el propósito de analizar, discutir y autoevaluar sus competencias; se empleó una rúbrica como elemento detonador, que describe cualitativamente diez competencias que deben tener los tutores de posgrado, en cuatro niveles de dominio. Resultados: La discusión sostenida al interior de los grupos focales fue documentada para su codificación y análisis, se obtuvieron categorías que aludieron a: 1) aspectos éticos y el respeto a las autorías de los estudiantes en publicaciones; 2) la relevancia de la transferencia del conocimiento a problemas específicos del campo de enfermería; 3) la relación tutor-alumno destacando vínculos de menor y mayor dependencia. Conclusiones: Se identificó el reconocimiento de las competencias que requieren los tutores en este nivel, se generó una autoevaluación crítica y reflexiva, sobre lo que se ha realizado en la práctica educativa. Los tutores ubicaron sus niveles de competencia en desarrollo y consumado.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tutors are fundamental in the formation of graduate students and their work is not only focused on the direction of the students' theses. Tutors also encourage the development of other skills, including the integration of students into research communities. This implies that tutors must demonstrate tutoring competencies; and therefore, it is important to recognize and assess these competencies from critical and reflexive points of view. Objective: To analyze and self-assess the competencies of tutors in a nursing graduate program. Method: Tutors were invited to participate in a free and voluntary manner in diverse focal groups with the aim of analyzing, discussing, and self-assessing their own competencies. Ten competencies in four domain levels were qualitatively assessed. Results: The discussion within the focal groups were documented and coded, and the following categories were identified: 1) ethical aspects and the respect of the authorship of students in publications; 2) the relevance of the transference of knowledge to specific problems in the field of nursing; 3) the tutor-student relationship highlighting the different levels of dependence associations. Conclusions: The identification of the competencies which tutors need to demonstrate at this curricular level was acknowledged. A critical and reflexive self-evaluation regarding the education practice was generated. Tutors identified their levels of competency.

RESUMO Introdução: O tutor é fundamental na formação de estudantes de pós-graduação, seu trabalho não se concentra unicamente na direção da tese; aliás deve fomentar o desenvolvimento de outras habilidades no aluno incorporando-o ao conhecimento tácito em comunidades de pesquisa. Isso implica que o tutor mostre competências na tutoria, daí a importância de reconhecê-las e auto avaliá-las de forma crítica e reflexiva para seu aprimoramento. Objetivo: Analisar e autoavaliar as competências dos tutores de uma pós-graduação em enfermagem. Método: Os tutores foram convidados para participar de maneira livre e voluntária em grupos focais, com o propósito de analisar, discutir e autoavaliar suas competências; foi utilizada uma rubrica como elemento desencadeador, que descreve qualitativamente dez competências que os tutores de pós-graduação devem ter, em quatro níveis de domínio. Resultados: A discussão realizada no interior dos grupos focais foi documentada para sua codificação e análise, obtiveram-se categorias que aludiram a: 1) aspectos éticos ao respeito da autoria dos estudantes em publicações; 2) a relevância da transferência do conhecimento para problemas específicos do campo de enfermagem; 3) a relação tutor-aluno evidenciando vínculos de menor e maior dependência. Conclusões: Identificou-se o reconhecimento das competências que os tutores requerem neste nível, gerou-se uma autoavaliação crítica e reflexiva, sobre o que tem sido realizado na prática educativa. Os tutores localizaram seus níveis de competência em desenvolvimento e alcançado.

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BACKGROUND: Cryopreservation induces spermatic cryo capacitation, which can decrease thawed sperm fertilizing capability. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of uterus-vaginal union protein factors to inhibit sperm cryo capacitation and maintain viability and fertilizing capability of rooster spermatozoa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rooster spermatozoa was cryopreserved using Lake extender supplemented with different hen's uterus-vaginal junction protein concentrations, to determine spermatic viability, sperm physiological condition and fertilizing capability in vivo. RESULTS: It was possible to induce spermatic decapacitation in vitro, inhibiting cryo capacitation and allowing fertility results comparable to those obtained with fresh semen. CONCLUSION: Uterus-vaginal protein extracts induce spermatic decapacitation in vitro.

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Objetivo: Determinar factores de riesgo asociados a violencia horizontal intrahospitalaria en el personal de enfermería. Metodología: Revisión sistemática sobre estudios epidemiológicos que analizaron violencia horizontal y sus factores asociados. Se consultó Pubmed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Ebsco-Host, CINHAL, ISI Web of Science y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Se aplicó lectura crítica (STROBE), se otorgó nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación con AHQR. Resultados: De 629 registros, 7 artículos fueron incluidos en la revisión sistemática. Todos obtuvieron nivel de evidencia III y grado de recomendación B. La prevalencia de violencia horizontal osciló entre 21.1-79.4%. Factores asociados a violencia horizontal fueron: lugar de trabajo, satisfacción con el trabajo, relaciones entre pares, plan para abandonar el trabajo y presencia de políticas relativas al acoso laboral. Conclusiones: Existe escasa evidencia del tema y de calidad moderada. Se hace necesario reconocer prevalencia de violencia horizontal y sus factores asociados, para diseñar estrategias de prevención en cultura laboral.

Objective: To determine risk factors associated to intra-hospital horizontal violence against nursing personnel. Methodology: This is a systematic review about epidemiological studies analyzing horizontal violence against nurses and its associated factors. Pubmed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Ebsco-Host, CINHAL, ISI Web of Science and Biblioteca Virtual en Salud databases were consulted. A critical lecture strategy (STROBE) was followed. AHQR-based Level of Evidence and Recommendation Degree were assigned. Results: From 629 registers, 7 articles were included in the systematic review. All received a Level of Evidence III and a Degree of Recommendation B. The prevalence of horizontal violence was found to be in the range of 21.1% to 79.4%. Associated risk factors were: place of work, job satisfaction, relationship with colleagues, intention to leave, and work harassment related policies. Conclusions: There is scant and limited in quality evidence on the topic. It becomes necessary to acknowledge the prevalence of intra-hospital horizontal violence against nurses and its associated factors in order to design prevention strategies which can strengthen the labor culture.

Objetivo: Determinar fatores de risco associados a violência horizontal intrahospitalar no pessoal de enfermagem. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática sobre estudos epidemiológicos que analisaram violência horizontal e seus fatores associados. Consultou-se Pubmed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Ebsco-Host, CINHAL, ISI Web of Science e Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Aplicou-se leitura crítica (STROBE), outorgou-se nível de evidência e grau de recomendação com AHQR. Resultados: De 629 registros, 7 artigos foram incluídos na revisão sistemática. Todos obtiveram nível de evidência III e grau de recomendação B. A prevalência de violência horizontal oscilou entre 21.1-79.4%. Fatores associados a violência horizontal foram: lugar de trabalho, satisfação com o trabalho, relações entre pares, plano para abandonar o trabalho e presência de políticas relativas ao assédio laboral. Conclusões: Existe escassa evidência do tema e de qualidade moderada. É necessário reconhecer prevalência de violência horizontal e seus fatores associados, para desenhar estratégias de prevenção em cultura laboral.

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