RESUMO
Husks of rice (RH), coffee (CH), and cholupa (CLH) were used to produce natural adsorbents. The natural adsorbents were used to remove pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac, ciprofloxacin, and acetaminophen in a mixture of distilled water. However, CH stood out for its efficiency in removing ciprofloxacin (74%) due to the higher concentration of acidic groups, as indicated by the Boehm method. In addition, CH removed 86% of ciprofloxacin individually. Therefore, CH was selected and used to remove other fluoroquinolones, such as levofloxacin and Norfloxacin. Although electrostatic interactions favored removals, better removal was observed for ciprofloxacin due to its smaller molecular volume. Then, ciprofloxacin was selected, and the effect of pH, matrix, and adsorbent doses were evaluated. In this way, using a pH of 6.2 in urine with a dose of 1.5 g L-1, it is possible to adsorb CIP concentrations in the range (0.0050-0.42 mmol L-1). Subsequently, the high R2 values and low percentages of APE and Δq indicated better fits for pseudo-second-order kinetics, suggesting a two-stage adsorption. At the same time, the Langmuir isotherm recommends a monolayer adsorption with a Qm of 25.2 mg g-1. In addition, a cost of 0.373 USD/g CIP was estimated for the process, where the material can be reused up to 4 times with a CIP removal in the urine of 51%. Consequently, thermodynamics analysis showed an exothermic and spontaneous process with high disorder. Furthermore, changes in FTIR analysis after adsorption suggest that CH in removing CIP in urine involves electrostatic attractions, hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. In addition, the life cycle analysis presents, for the 11 categories evaluated, a lower environmental impact of the CIP removal in urine with CH than for the preparation of adsorbent, confirming that the adsorption process is more environmentally friendly than materials synthesis or other alternatives of treatments. Furthermore, future directions of the study based on real applications were proposed.
Assuntos
Poluentes Químicos da Água , Adsorção , Cinética , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Ciprofloxacina/química , Ciprofloxacina/urina , Preparações Farmacêuticas/química , Preparações Farmacêuticas/análise , Preparações Farmacêuticas/urinaRESUMO
Studies on international waste on the Amazon coast are lacking, leaving a substantial knowledge gap concerning the socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental repercussion of this issue. In this context, the objective of this study is to comprehensively characterize and trace the origins of allochthonous litter discovered on a beach situated within a Protected Area. Given this, the hypothesis of this study is that the international litters comes from vessels operating in the region. A total of 384 containers were collected, originating from 36 countries, with those located in Asia and Africa showing the highest prevalence. Among the bottles with identified expiration dates, 76 % are newly arrived, confirming our hypothesis. The presence of older waste may result from a combination of the absence of beach cleaning public services and local dynamic processes. While international engagement is necessary, local communities, along with the scientific community, have taken proactive measures to address the problem.
RESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: El índice de eficiencia miocárdica (IEM) correlaciona el consumo miocárdico de oxígeno (MVO2) con el consumo máximo de oxígeno, el cual proporciona información sobre la eficiencia cardiovascular (EfCV). En deportistas, el IEM mejora posterior a un microciclo de entrenamiento, en el paciente con enfermedad cardiovascular sometido a un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca y prevención secundaria PRHCyPS, el comportamiento del IEM podría resultar un estimador relacionado con mejoría derivado de un periodo de entrenamiento. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el comportamiento del IEM posterior a un PRCyPS en pacientes con cardiopatías y riesgo cardiovascular alto (RCVA). Métodos: Estudio de cohorte ambilectivo, descriptivo, analítico, no aleatorizado. Se seleccionaron pacientes con cardiopatías de etiología mixta con RCVA ingresados a un PRCyPS durante 4-6 semanas. A todos los pacientes se les realizó una prueba de ejercicio máximo en banda antes y después del PRCyPS. Se determinaron umbrales de consumo de oxígeno (VO2) pico, equivalentes metabólicos-carga, doble producto e IEM. Se estableció un punto de corte del IEM mediante una curva ROC con un valor de 7.37 con un área bajo la curva de 0.68 (IC 95%: 0.61-0.76; p < 0.001), sensibilidad 0.60 y 1-especificidad de 0.35. Resultados: Se incluyeron 193 pacientes con una media de edad de 62.3 años, en su mayoría del sexo masculino (66.2%). Se observaron porcentajes de cambio en el IEM -27.1% (p < 0.001), MET 43.1% (p < 0.001), doble producto 5.7% (p < 0.01) y MVO2: 8.3% (p < 0.01) al término del PRCyPS. Conclusiones: Se observó un cambio significativo en el IEM posterior a un PRCyPS, lo cual se asoció a una mejoría en la EfCV, sugiriendo que este pueda considerarse como un parámetro clínico que evaluar en los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca.
Abstract Objective: The myocardial efficiency index (MEI) correlates the Myocardial Oxygen Consumption (MVO2) with the Maximum Oxygen Consumption (VO2max), this index provides information about the cardiovascular efficiency (CVEf). In athletes, the MEI improves after a micro-cycle training, however in patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation Program (CRP), IEM behavior could be a good estimator related to the improvement training period. The objective of this study was to determine the myocardial efficiency index behavior in patients with heart disease and high cardiovascular risk (HCVR) after a CRP. Methods: Ambilective, descriptive, analytical, non-randomized cohort study was conducted. Patients with heart disease of mixed etiology and HCVR admitted to a CRP for 4-6 weeks were selected. All patients performed a maximal exercise test in band before and after the CPR. Thresholds of VO2 peak, METs-load, Double product (DP) and MEI were determined. A cut-off point for the MEI was established using a ROC curve with a value of 7.37, area under the curve: 0.68 (95% CI 0.61 - 0.76, p < 0.001), sensitivity 0.60 and 1-specificity 0.35. Results: 193 patients with a mean age of 62.3 years were included, predominantly men (66.2%). Percentages changes in the MEI-27.1% (p < 0.001),METs-43.1% (p < 0.001),DP 5.7% (p < 0.01), and MVO2: 8.3% (p < 0.01) were observed at the end of CRP. Conclusions: Significant change in the MEI were observed after CRP associated to CVEf improvement, suggesting that this parameter could be considered as a good clinical tool in the CRP care programs.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Depressed skull fractures are the result of trauma injuries. They are present in approximately 3% of patients who arrive to an emergency room with skull trauma. The main objective of surgical repair in depressed fractures is correction of cosmetic deformity and the prevention of infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective and transversal study was performed by our department between April 2016 and May 2017. Sixteen patients that underwent a craniotomy for skull trauma with depressed fracture were included in the study. The diagnosis was made by simple cranial CT scan alongside a three-dimensional reconstruction. RESULTS: Of the sixteen patients included, 5 were females (31.2%) and 11 males (68.8%). Twelve of the cases were an exposed fracture. In 7 cases, the fracture was located at parietal bone; 5 were located at frontal bone and 4 at the temporal bone. The average Glasgow coma score in the sample was 13. There were no complications nor deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The remodeling and repositioning of the autologous bone graft allow an adequate cosmetic result and it also avoids the placement of implants without increasing the costs and additional risks.
OBJETIVO: las fracturas de cráneo deprimidas son el resultado de lesiones traumáticas. Se encuentran en aproximadamente el 3% de los pacientes que se presentan en salas de emergencia con traumatismo craneal. El objetivo principal de la reparación quirúrgica en fracturas deprimidas es la corrección de la deformidad cosmética y la prevención de infecciones. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y transversal en nuestro departamento entre abril de 2016 y mayo de 2017. Se incluyeron 16 pacientes que se sometieron a una craneotomía por traumatismo craneal y fractura deprimida. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante tomografía computarizada craneal simple con reconstrucción 3D. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 16 pacientes, 5 casos femeninos (31,2%) y 11 masculinos (68,8%). En 12 casos se observó fractura expuesta. En 7 casos la fractura se localizó en el hueso parietal; 5 casos en el hueso frontal y 4 casos en hueso temporal. El puntaje promedio en la Escala de Coma de Glasgow fue 13. No hubo complicaciones o muertes. CONCLUSIONES: la remodelación y el reposicionamiento del injerto óseo autólogo permite un resultado cosmético adecuado evitando la colocación de implantes sin aumentar los costos y riesgos adicionales.
Assuntos
Traumatismos Craniocerebrais , Fraturas Ósseas , Fratura do Crânio com Afundamento , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Fratura do Crânio com Afundamento/cirurgia , Fratura do Crânio com Afundamento/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Craniotomia , Osso Frontal/cirurgia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/cirurgia , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The myocardial efficiency index (MEI) correlates the Myocardial Oxygen Consumption (MVO2) with the Maximum Oxygen Consumption (VO2max), this index provides information about the cardiovascular efficiency (CVEf). In athletes, the MEI improves after a micro-cycle training, however in patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation Program (CRP), IEM behavior could be a good estimator related to the improvement training period. The objective of this study was to determine the myocardial efficiency index behavior in patients with heart disease and high cardiovascular risk (HCVR) after a CRP. METHODS: Ambilective, descriptive, analytical, non-randomized cohort study was conducted. Patients with heart disease of mixed etiology and HCVR admitted to a CRP for 4-6 weeks were selected. All patients performed a maximal exercise test in band before and after the CPR. Thresholds of VO2 peak, METs-load, Double product (DP) and MEI were determined. A cut-off point for the MEI was established using a ROC curve with a value of 7.37, area under the curve: 0.68 (95% CI 0.61 - 0.76, p < 0.001), sensitivity 0.60 and 1-specificity 0.35. RESULTS: 193 patients with a mean age of 62.3 years were included, predominantly men (66.2%). Percentages changes in the MEI-27.1% (p < 0.001),METs-43.1% (p < 0.001),DP 5.7% (p < 0.01), and MVO2: 8.3% (p < 0.01) were observed at the end of CRP. CONCLUSIONS: Significant change in the MEI were observed after CRP associated to CVEf improvement, suggesting that this parameter could be considered as a good clinical tool in the CRP care programs.
OBJETIVO: El índice de eficiencia miocárdica (IEM) correlaciona el consumo miocárdico de oxígeno (MVO2) con el consumo máximo de oxígeno, el cual proporciona información sobre la eficiencia cardiovascular (EfCV). En deportistas, el IEM mejora posterior a un microciclo de entrenamiento, en el paciente con enfermedad cardiovascular sometido a un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca y prevención secundaria PRHCyPS, el comportamiento del IEM podría resultar un estimador relacionado con mejoría derivado de un periodo de entrenamiento. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el comportamiento del IEM posterior a un PRCyPS en pacientes con cardiopatías y riesgo cardiovascular alto (RCVA). MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte ambilectivo, descriptivo, analítico, no aleatorizado. Se seleccionaron pacientes con cardiopatías de etiología mixta con RCVA ingresados a un PRCyPS durante 4-6 semanas. A todos los pacientes se les realizó una prueba de ejercicio máximo en banda antes y después del PRCyPS. Se determinaron umbrales de consumo de oxígeno (VO2) pico, equivalentes metabólicos-carga, doble producto e IEM. Se estableció un punto de corte del IEM mediante una curva ROC con un valor de 7.37 con un área bajo la curva de 0.68 (IC 95%: 0.61-0.76; p < 0.001), sensibilidad 0.60 y 1-especificidad de 0.35. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 193 pacientes con una media de edad de 62.3 años, en su mayoría del sexo masculino (66.2%). Se observaron porcentajes de cambio en el IEM 27.1% (p < 0.001), MET 43.1% (p < 0.001), doble producto 5.7% (p < 0.01) y MVO2: 8.3% (p < 0.01) al término del PRCyPS. CONCLUSIONES: Se observó un cambio significativo en el IEM posterior a un PRCyPS, lo cual se asoció a una mejoría en la EfCV, sugiriendo que este pueda considerarse como un parámetro clínico que evaluar en los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca.
Assuntos
Reabilitação Cardíaca , Cardiopatias , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Estudos de Coortes , Miocárdio , Teste de EsforçoRESUMO
Two newly described viruses belonging to distinct families, Rhabdoviridae and Geminiviridae, were discovered co-infecting Hyptis pectinata from a tropical dry forest of Ecuador. The negative-sense RNA genome of the rhabdovirus, tentatively named Hyptis latent virus (HpLV), comprises 13,765 nucleotides with seven open reading frames separated by the conserved intergenic region 3'-AAUUAUUUUGAU-5'. Sequence analyses showed identities as high as 56% for the polymerase and 38% for the nucleocapsid to members of the genus Cytorhabdovirus. Efficient transmission of HpLV was mediated by the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) in a persistent replicative manner. The single-stranded DNA genome of the virus tentatively named Hyptis golden mosaic virus (HpGMV) shared homology with members of the genus Begomovirus with bipartite genomes. The DNA-A component consists of 2,716 nucleotides (nt), whereas the DNA-B component contains 2,666 nt. Pairwise alignments using the complete genomic sequence of DNA-A of HpGMV and closest relatives showed identities below the cutoff (<91% shared nt) established by the ICTV as species demarcation, indicating that HpGMV should be classified in a distinct begomovirus species. Transmission experiments confirmed that the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) is a vector of HpGMV.
Assuntos
Begomovirus , Hemípteros , Hyptis , Rhabdoviridae , Animais , Hyptis/genética , Genoma Viral/genética , Virulência , Doenças das Plantas , Begomovirus/genética , Rhabdoviridae/genética , Insetos Vetores , Nucleotídeos , FilogeniaRESUMO
The gastrinomas are rare functional neuroendocrine neoplasms, most are localized to the duodenum (70-90%) or the pancreas (2-30%), but less common ectopic sites have been reported. The primary hepatic gastrinoma is extremely rare, with less tan 40 cases reported in the medical literature. Its low incidence and its non specific clinical presentation make it a difficult disease to diagnose. Providing a timely diagnosis the patient can be treated by surgical resection with high chances of success. The objective of this paper is to describe a case of primary hepatic gastrinoma in Mexico, successfully treated by right liver segmentectomy.
Los gastrinomas son neoplasias neuroendocrinas funcionales raras, y la mayoría se localizan en el duodeno (70-90%) o en el páncreas (2-30%), pero también existen otras localizaciones ectópicas poco comunes. El gastrinoma hepático primario es extremadamente raro, con menos de 40 casos reportados en la literatura médica. Su baja incidencia y su presentación clínica inespecífica lo convierten en una enfermedad difícil de diagnosticar. Al realizar un diagnóstico oportuno puede ser tratado mediante resección quirúrgica con altas posibilidades de éxito. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un caso clínico de gastrinoma hepático primario en México, tratado de manera exitosa mediante segmentectomía hepática derecha.
Assuntos
Gastrinoma , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Gastrinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Gastrinoma/cirurgia , Hospitais , Humanos , Fígado , México , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgiaRESUMO
The influence of the mechanical activation process and sintering atmosphere on the microstructure and mechanical properties of bulk Ti2AlN has been investigated. The mixture of Ti and AlN powders was prepared in a 1:2 molar ratio, and a part of this powder mixture was subjected to a mechanical activation process under an argon atmosphere for 10 h using agate jars and balls as milling media. Then, the sintering and production of the Ti2AlN MAX phase were carried out by Spark Plasma Sintering under 30 MPa with vacuum or nitrogen atmospheres and at 1200 °C for 10 min. The crystal structure and microstructure of consolidated samples were characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction patterns were fitted using the Rietveld refinement for phase quantification and determined their most critical microstructural parameters. It was determined that by using nitrogen as a sintering atmosphere, Ti4AlN3 MAX phase and TiN were increased at the expense of the Ti2AlN. In the samples prepared from the activated powders, secondary phases like Ti5Si3 and Al2O3 were formed. However, the higher densification level presented in the sample produced by using both nitrogen atmosphere and MAP powder mixture is remarkable. Moreover, the high-purity Ti2AlN zone of the MAX-1200 presented a hardness of 4.3 GPa, and the rest of the samples exhibited slightly smaller hardness values (4.1, 4.0, and 4.2 GPa, respectively) which are matched with the higher porosity observed on the SEM images.
RESUMO
The sandy beaches of the Brazilian Amazon coast have enormous touristic potential and attract thousands of visitors each year, principally in July, at the beginning of the summer vacation period. In 2020, beach going was affected worldwide by the Covid-19 pandemic, but how did the pandemic affect recreational beach use on the Amazon coast in the Brazilian state of Pará? Given this, the objective of this work is to identify public perception in compliance with health safety established by authorities due to COVID-19 pandemic in two popular beaches on the Brazilian Amazon. Recreational patterns on the beaches of this region were analyzed from the user's perspective in July, through semi-structured interviews and direct observations. Recreational activities were prohibited on the beaches located within protected areas. At other locations, however, including Ajuruteua and Atalaia, the beaches were reopened on July 1 st, and both sites received thousands of visitors in July, despite the fact that interviewees believed the pandemic to be dangerous, and considered the situation in Pará state to be at least as bad or worse than in previous months. Agglomerations were verified on both study beaches and social distancing and other protective measures were limited. The increase in the new cases recorded in August was due to the relaxation of restrictions on social, recreational, and economic activities by the local authorities in July 2020, including the reopening of public access to beaches. As Pará state has been hard-hit by the pandemic, prohibitions on recreational beach use should clearly not have been lifted during this period. A number of management measures were presented in this study. These measures should contribute to the prevention of the spread of the virus during the upcoming public holidays, as long as the pandemic continues.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are at increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease, including right heart failure. The evaluation of right ventricle (RV) using the relationship between tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) is of clinical prognostic relevance. Mild echocardiographic pulmonary hypertension (ePH) has been associated with worse RV function. The aim of this study was to evaluate RV function as measured by TAPSE to RVSP ratio in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to matched healthy controls. METHOD: A case-control study with 67 RA patients aged 40 to 75 years that fulfilled the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria and 45 matching controls was included. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed to all patients. TAPSE was measured as the distance traveled from end-diastole to end-systole. RVSP was calculated using the modified Bernoulli equation. Comparisons were done using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney's U test or Student's t test. RESULTS: Patients with RA had significantly reduced ventricular function (TAPSE 23 [21-25] vs 25 [23-26], p = 0.033) and TAPSE/RVSP ratio was significantly lower in RA-patients than controls (TAPSE to RVSP ratio 0.809 [0.67-1.01] vs 0.933 [0.79-1.11], p = 0.009). RA-patients with mild ePH had similar RV function, evaluated by TAPSE, in comparison to RA-patients with normal RVSP. CONCLUSION: RA-patients had worse RV function measured by TAPSE and worse TAPSE/RVSP ratio than controls. Also, RA-patients with mild ePH had reduced right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling in comparison with patients with RA and normal RVSP. These echocardiographic findings could justify aggressive treatment for these patients and assess their evolution. Key Points ⢠Right ventricular (RV) function and RV coupling with the pulmonary artery (RV-PA coupling) were worse in patients with RA in comparison to healthy controls. ⢠Values of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) were similar between RA-patients and non-RA controls. ⢠Prevalence of normal RVSP, mild echocardiographic pulmonary hypertension (ePH), and pulmonary hypertension was similar between RA-patients and non-RA matched controls â¢Patients with RA and mild ePH had reduced RV-PA coupling in comparison with RA-patients with normal RVSP.