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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between therapeutic adherence and the phases of grief in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SITE: Family Medicine Unit No. 53 of the Mexican Institute of Social Security in the State of Guanajuato. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 354 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited, of whom 236 corresponded to the group without therapeutic adherence and 118 to the group with therapeutic adherence. INTERVENTIONS: Two structured surveys were administered to both groups. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The Morisky 8 scale was used to measure therapeutic adherence and the phases of grief scale (EFD-66) to measure grief due to loss of health. RESULTS: The median denial phase and depression phase scores were higher in the nonadherence group than in the adherence group (p=.000). The median negotiation phase and acceptance phase score was higher in the adherence group than in the nonadherence group (p=.000). Multivariate analysis identifies that denial is the main factor associated with non-adherence (OR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.14-1.37); while negotiation (OR=0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.94) and acceptance are associated with adherence (OR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.75-0.83). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between therapeutic adherence and phases of grief.
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Depressão , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Pesar , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , México , Inquéritos e Questionários , Idoso , Cooperação do Paciente , Adulto , Negação em PsicologiaRESUMO
In this work, it is presented a first approach of a mathematical and kinetic analysis for improving the decoloration and further degradation process of an azo dye named acid red 27 (AR27), by means of a novel microbial consortium formed by the fungus Trametes versicolor and the bacterium Pseudomonas putida. A multivariate analysis was carried out by simulating scenarios with different operating conditions and developing a specific mathematical model based on kinetic equations describing all stages of the biological process, from microbial growth and substrate consuming to decoloration and degradation of intermediate compounds. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was performed by using a factorial design and the Response Surface Method (RSM), for determining individual and interactive effects of variables like, initial glucose concentration, initial dye concentration and the moment in time for bacterial inoculation, on response variables assessed in terms of the minimum time for: full decoloration of AR27 (R1 = 2.375 days); maximum production of aromatic metabolites (R2 = 1.575 days); and full depletion of aromatic metabolites (R3 = 12.9 days). Using RSM the following conditions improved the biological process, being: an initial glucose concentration of 20 g l-1, an initial AR27 concentration of 0.2 g l-1 and an inoculation moment in time of P. putida at day 1. The mathematical model is a feasible tool for describing AR27 decoloration and its further degradation by the microbial consortium of T. versicolor and P. putida, this model will also work as a mathematical basis for designing novel bio-reaction systems than can operate with the same principle of the described consortium.
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This study aimed at assessing farmers' perceptions and acceptance of the proposed breeding strategy of Instituto Veterinario de Investigaciones Tropicales y de Altura (IVITA), located in the Central Andes of Peru. A total of 34 farmers, who had received guinea pigs from IVITA, were interviewed. The questionnaire was performed in Spanish language and covered topics about the guinea pig production, feeding, mating system, training, the main products, perception and acceptance of crossbred lines ("cuy RG"), and the farmers' comment about the terminal crossbred animal ("cuy G"). The preferred feeding strategy was a combination of forage and supplement. All farmers implemented a controlled mating system. Most farmers had received training on feeding, reproduction, management, equipment, and facilities. The main product is animals for slaughter. The 82.40% of farmers reported that they do not purchase guinea pigs from IVITA anymore, because they are highly susceptibility to lymphadenitis, which is a highly contagious disease and causes swollen lymph nodes and affects the meat quality. Most of the respondents classified the "cuy RG" and "cuy G" as suitable for meat production and were satisfied with the performance of the animals. Therefore, 58.80% of respondents already recommended "cuy RG" to other farmers. However, 17.70% of the respondents would not recommend these animals because they are susceptible to disease, especially lymphadenitis. Therefore, IVITA should engage in more structured dialogue with farmers and regularly include their opinion in future improvement of its breeding strategies. This could help to reach higher acceptance rates by farmers.
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Meio Ambiente , Fazendeiros , Animais , Cobaias , Humanos , Peru , Inquéritos e Questionários , ReproduçãoRESUMO
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most worrisome infectious bacteria due to its intrinsic and acquired resistance against several antibiotics and the recalcitrance of its infections; hence, the development of novel antimicrobials effective against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa is mandatory. In this work, silver nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis using a leaf extract and fungi were tested against a battery of clinical strains from cystic fibrosis, pneumonia and burnt patients, some of them with multidrug resistance. Both nanoparticles showed a potent antibacterial effect, causing severe damage to the cell wall, membrane and DNA, and inducing the production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the nanoparticles derived from fungi showed synergistic antibacterial effects with the antibiotics meropenem and levofloxacin for some clinical strains and both kinds of nanoparticles were nontoxic for larvae of the moth Galleria mellonella, encouraging further research for their implementation in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Nanopartículas Metálicas , Infecções por Pseudomonas , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Humanos , Levofloxacino/farmacologia , Levofloxacino/uso terapêutico , Meropeném/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Prata/farmacologiaRESUMO
Huitlacoche (Ustilago maydis) is a staple food traditionally consumed in Mexico. On one hand, it is considered a pathogen and a devastating disease for maize (Zea mays), and, conversely, some reports highlight it as a culinary delight and a food alternative for its nutritional and functional characteristics. The present work aimed to compare two different methods: maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), in order to achieve the highest amount of total phenolic compounds (TPC), followed by the antioxidant capacity (AC) measurement, as well as the effect of the in vitro digestion. UAE produced the highest TPC content (13.44 mg GAE/mg ds) for a 1:5 huitlacoche:solvent ratio using ethanol at 75%. The maximum values for AC were 22.5 mg TE/mL (for DPPH assay) and 45.26 mg TE/mL (for ABTS assay). The in vitro digestion showed that AC is maintained and increased through the digestion process. Thus, huitlacoche can be revalorised as a potential food raw material for human nutrition and health.
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This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters for four guinea pig lines of a crossbreeding scheme. Two paternal lines are selected for growth rate (P1) and feed conversion rate (P2), whereas two maternal lines are selected for growth rate of litter (M1) and litter size at birth (M2). The heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated with animal linear models employing multivariate analyses with REML. The heritabilities for birth weight (BW) were 0.21±0.02 and 0.23±0.03 for P1 and P2, respectively, and for weaning weight (WW), the heritability was 0.28±0.03 for P2. The estimates for weight at 60 days of age (W60) were 0.34±0.01 and 0.47±0.04 for P1 and P2, respectively, and for partial feed conversion rate was 0.46±0.03 for P2. Heritabilities for litter weight at birth (LW) were 0.09±0.03 and 0.10±0.03 for P1 and M1, respectively. For litter weight at 10 days of age (LW10), the heritability was 0.15±0.03 for M1. Heritabilities for litter size (LS) were 0.17±0.03, 0.20±0.03 and 0.11±0.03, and for number of pups born alive (BA) were 0.09±0.03, 0.14±0.03 and 0.09±0.03 for P1, M1 and M2, respectively. Similarly, high genetic correlations were found between BW, WW and W60 and between LW, LS, LW10 and BA. The genetic correlation between BW direct and maternal was moderately negative (- 0.24 ± 0.10) for P1. These results show the genetic status for all four guinea pig lines, which is essential for the further improvement of the currently implemented breeding programme and also indicate an opportunity for genetic improvement.
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Cobaias/genética , Hibridização Genética , Modelos Genéticos , Animais , Peso ao Nascer/genética , Peso Corporal/genética , Feminino , Modelos Lineares , Tamanho da Ninhada de Vivíparos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Peru , GravidezRESUMO
In this research, fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) scheme for isolating the damaged injector of an internal combustion engine is formulated and experimentally applied. The FDD scheme is based on a temporal analysis (statistical methods), as well as in a frequency analysis (fast Fourier transform) of the fuel rail pressure. The arrangement of the scheme consists of three coupled artificial neural networks (ANNs) to classify the faulty injector correctly. The ANNs were trained considering five different scenarios, one scenario without fault in the injection system, and the other four scenarios represent a fault per injector (1 to 4). The Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), BFGS quasi-Newton, gradient descent (GD), and extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithms were tested to select the best training algorithm to classify the faults. Experimental results obtained from the implementation in a VW four-cylinder CBU 2.5L vehicle in idle operating conditions (800 rpm) show the effectiveness of the proposed FDD scheme.
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OBJETIVO: Presentar un caso de quiste adrenal (QA) gigante resecado por vía mínimamente invasiva y realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura disponible al respecto. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 54 años, con una masa retroperitoneal izquierda de crecimiento lento, asintomático, con imágenes y biopsia sugiriendo un QA complejo con sospecha de infiltración renal. Se indica una resección laparoscópica transabdominal. RESULTADOS: Se encuentra como hallazgo intraoperatorio un QA complejo hemorrágico de 9 cm de diámetro, con adherencia a la fascia de Gerota izquierda, logrando exéresis completa del QA por mínima invasión. El paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente y fue dado de alta al segundo día posoperatorio. Es asintomático en 19 meses de seguimiento. Si bien los QA son benignos, los QA gigantes con crecimiento rápido, sintomáticos o de conversión hemorrágica, pueden ser resecados por adrenalectomía laparoscópica sin aumento de morbimortalidad. DISCUSIÓN: El abordaje laparoscópico de los QA no funcionales gigantes debe ser considerado como el manejo de elección. Es necesaria más evidencia sobre resultados en diferentes abordajes para generar recomendaciones claras. CONCLUSIÓN: Este reporte se suma a la evidencia actual en cuanto al abordaje mínimamente invasivo para QA gigantes hemorrágicos.
OBJECTIVE: Present a giant adrenal cyst (AC) case treated with minimally invasive resection and to perform a narrative literature review available. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 54 year-old male presents with a left retroperitoneal slow growing mass, no symptoms, with a complex AC evidenced by previous images and mass biopsy, with suspected renal infiltration. A transabdominal laparoscopic resection is indicated. RESULTS: A complex hemorrhagic 9 cm diameter AC was found, with adhesions to left Gerota's fascia. Complete resection of the AC was achieved through minimally invasive approach. The patient had an uneventful clinical recovery and was discharged on the second postoperative day. On 19th month of follow-up is completely asymptomatic. Even though the AC are benign lesions, the symptomatic giant AC, with fast growing ratio, and/or hemorrhagic conversion could be resected though laparoscopic adrenalectomy, with no increased morbidity or mortality. DISCUSSION: The laparoscopic approach for giant non-functional AC should be considered as the standard of care. More evidence is required in terms of surgical approach outcomes to define clear recommendations. CONCLUSION: This report adds to the actual evidence in terms of minimally invasive approach for hemorrhagic giant AC.
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças das Glândulas Suprarrenais/cirurgia , Adrenalectomia/métodos , Cistos/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento , Laparoscopia , Doenças das Glândulas Suprarrenais/diagnóstico , Cistos/diagnósticoRESUMO
In this paper, a fractional order Kalman filter (FOKF) is presented, this is based on a system expressed by fractional differential equations according to the Riemann-Liouville definition. In order to get the best fitting of the FOKF, the cuckoo search optimization algorithm (CS) was used. The purpose of using the CS algorithm is to optimize the order of the observer, the fractional Riccati equation and the FOKF tuning parameters. The Grünwald-Letnikov approximation was used to compute the numerical solution of the FOKF. To show the effectiveness of the proposed FOKF, four examples are presented, the brain activity, the cutaneous potential recordings of a pregnant woman, the earthquake acceleration, and the Chua's circuit response.
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OBJETIVO: Determinar el impacto de la contaminación del aire sobre la salud respiratoria en las comunas de Chillán, Concepción y Los Ángeles entre los años 2013 y 2017. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se estimaron modelos lineales generalizados (GLM) a partir de datos diarios de atenciones de urgencias por enfermedades respiratorias desagregadas por tipo y rango etario, concentraciones de material particulado respirable (MP10) y material particulado fino (MP2,5), índice viral, variables meteorológicas y estacionales. RESULTADOS: Se obtiene una asociación positiva entre los contaminantes analizados y las atenciones de urgencias por causas respiratorias, especialmente IRA alta y Bronquitis/Bronquiolitis aguda en Chillán, IRA alta en Concepción, y además, IRA alta, Influenza y Crisis Obstructiva Bronquial en Los Ángeles. CONCLUSIONES: El incremento en el número de todas las atenciones de urgencia es aproximadamente 18.695 al año por cada 1 μg/m3 de incremento en las concentraciones de material particulado.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of air pollution on respiratory diseases in the districts of Chillán, Concepción and Los Ángeles, Chile between 2013 and 2017. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Generalized linear models (GLM) were estimated from daily data for emergency room admissions disaggregated by type and age range, concentrations of respirable particulate matter (PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), viral index, meteorological and seasonal variables. RESULTS: A positive association is obtained between the analyzed contaminants and the number of emergency room admissions for respiratory causes, especially acute upper respiratory infection (URI) and acute bronchitis / bronchiolitis in Chillán, acute URI in Concepción, and also, acute URI, Influenza and obstructive bronchial crisis in Los Angeles. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the total number of emergency room admissions is approximately 18,695 per year for every 1 μg / m3 increase in PM concentrations.