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Oleic acid (OA) is a monounsaturated compound with many health-benefitting properties such as obesity prevention, increased insulin sensitivity, antihypertensive and immune-boosting properties, etc. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of oleic acid (OA) and some anticancer drugs against oxidative damage induced by nitropropionic acid (NPA) in rat brain. Six groups of Wistar rats were treated as follows: Group 1, (control); group 2, OA; group 3, NPA + OA; group 4, cyclophosphamide (CPP) + OA; group 5, daunorubicin (DRB) + OA; and group 6, dexrazoxane (DXZ) + OA. All compounds were administered intraperitoneally route, every 24 h for 5 days. Their brains were extracted to measure lipoperoxidation (TBARS), H2O2, Ca+2, Mg+2 ATPase activity, glutathione (GSH) and dopamine. Glucose, hemoglobin and triglycerides were measured in blood. In cortex GSH increased in all groups, except in group 2, the group 4 showed the highest increase of this biomarker. TBARS decrease, and dopamine increase in all regions of groups 4, 5 and 6. H2O2 increased only in cerebellum/medulla oblongata of group 5 and 6. ATPase expression decreased in striatum of group 4. Glucose increased in group 6, and hemoglobin increased in groups 4 and 5. These results suggest that the increase of dopamine and the antioxidant effect of oleic acid administration during treatment with oncologic agents could result in less brain injury.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Encéfalo , Glutationa , Ácido Oleico , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos Wistar , Animais , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Oleico/farmacologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Ratos , Masculino , Glutationa/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Nitrocompostos/farmacologia , Dopamina/metabolismo , Propionatos/farmacologia , Ciclofosfamida , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Daunorrubicina/farmacologia , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
Neurotoxicity is a major obstacle in the effectiveness of Cisplatin in cancer chemotherapy. In this process, oxidative stress and inflammation are considered to be the main mechanisms involved in brain and lung toxicity. The aim of the present work was to study the influence of the amount of protein on some oxidative parameters in the brain and lungs of rats treated with Cisplatin (CP) and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) as neuroprotectors. Four groups of Wistar rats, each containing six animals, were fed with a protein diet at 7% for 15 days. Thereafter, the groups were given either a unique dose of CP® 5 mg/kg or NAC® 5 mg/kg as follows: group 1 (control), NaCl 0.9% vehicle; group 2, CP; group 3, NAC; and group 4, NAC + CP. The animals were sacrificed immediately after the treatments. Blood samples were collected upon sacrifice and used to measure blood triglycerides and glucose. The brain and lungs of each animal were obtained and used to assay lipid peroxidation (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA), catalase, and the activity of Ca+2, and Mg+2 ATPase using validated methods. TBARS, H2O2, and GSH were found to be significantly decreased in the cortex and cerebellum/medulla oblongata of the groups treated with CP and NAC. The total ATPase showed a significant increase in the lung and cerebellum/medulla oblongata, while 5-HIAA showed the same tendency in the cortex of the same group of animals. The increase in 5-HIAA and ATPase during NAC and CP administration resulted in brain protection. This effect could be even more powerful when membrane fluidity is increased, thus proving the efficacy of combined NAC and CP drug therapy, which appears to be a promising strategy for future chemotherapy in malnourished patients.
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Acetilcisteína , Cisplatino , Pulmão , Ratos Wistar , Animais , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Cisplatino/toxicidade , Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Ratos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Cérebro/efeitos dos fármacos , Cérebro/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Case Summary: Female nurse, 44-years-old with a weight of 127 pounds. She attended our emergency clinic for an urgent care due to post COVID-19 vertigo and anxiety. Her problem began with severe, short-lived attacks of objective-circular type vertigo, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The symptoms occurred when she assumed a lying position, turn right and sat or stood upright. Interventions: The patient received medical prescription for hypothyroidism, vertigo and anxiety symptoms. Oral route feeding was started and was well tolerated. Outcomes: The patient showed good evolution with the treatment. Currently, she is at home with daily intake of levothyroxine and losartan without complications. Conclusion: The clinical case suggests that in patients with hypothyroidism, COVID-19 infection may trigger and exacerbate vertigo and anxiety.
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INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious, transmissible and immune disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex (MTBC). Although osteoarticular tuberculosis (OATB) has been widely described, the ribcage variety remains a rare form. CASE REPORT: A thirteen-month-old male and a twenty-month-old female, both with pain and increased volume of anterolateral left rib cage were described. Physical examination revealed the presence of a soft consistent mass at the level of the 9th and 5th costal arches in the male and female patients respectively. Upon clinical evaluation, tuberculosis was suspected, which was confirmed by X-ray and histopathological studies. After confirmation, the management, based on anti-tuberculosis therapy was started as follows: nine months of anti-tuberculosis therapy for the male patient and fourteen months for the female. The outcomes were favorable for both patients. However, further interventions, consisting of abscess drainage in the male patient and excisional biopsy in the female patient were necessary. With these therapeutic interventions, to date, the patients are without any evidence of active TB.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Drenagem , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Caixa Torácica , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Abusive head trauma (AHT) is one of the most severe forms of child abuse due to its morbidity and mortality. However, AHT is still misdiagnosed in developing countries because of its nonspecific clinical picture and limited knowledge of it on the part of physicians. The aim of this study was to describe some characteristics of children with AHT, their families, and caregivers, as well as the clinical data that could serve as signs for its suspicion and the medical-legal resolution of the cases. Children suspect with AHT in emergency rooms in three Mexican hospitals were included after obtaining informed consent from the parents. All information was obtained from the parents by means of a questionnaire and from different clinical and radiological evaluations of the clinical records of the patients. 15 children, with a median age of 5 months and predominantly males (73.33%), were included in the study. 66% reported a history of irritability periods, and most of the patients (73.33%) had more than one habitual caregiver. The diagnosis of AHT was suspected in only 33.33% on admission in the Emergency Services. Acute symptomatology was present in 53.33%, while less severe symptoms were reported in the rest. Special attention should be paid on babies with history of irritable periods. When a child who is previously healthy and suddenly presents with a seizure or cardiorespiratory dysfunction or brought to the hospital dead, the diagnosis of AHT should be considered as a priority.
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Maus-Tratos Infantis , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais , Cuidadores , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/diagnóstico , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/diagnóstico , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , PaisRESUMO
AIM: The purpose was to measure the effect of Oseltamivir on oxidative biomarkers and dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in brain of rats with induced hypotriglyceridemia by Bezafibrate.Male young Wistar rats were treated as follows: group 1, NaCl 0.9%, (Controls); group 2, Oseltamivir (100 mg/kg); group 3, single dose of Bezafibrate (150 mg/kg); group 4, four dose of Bezafibrate; group 5, single dose of Bezafibrate + Oseltamivir and group 6, four doses of Bezafibrate + Oseltamivir. Drugs were given orally. Triglycerides, Dopamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), Glutathione (GSH), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation, as well as total ATPase activity were measured using validated methods. RESULTS: Oseltamivir treated animals showed lower GSH and lipid peroxidation levels and an increment in 5-HIAA in the three evaluated brain regions. Treatment with Oseltamivir also reduces H2O2 in the cortex and cerebellum/medulla oblongata. ATPase enzyme increased in these regions in the groups that were administered with Bezafibrate in repeated doses and in combination with Oseltamivir in single dose. Dopamine concentrations decreased in groups treated with Oseltamivir in the three evaluated regions. Also, there was a decrease in dopamine concentrations in the cerebellum/medulla oblongata of the animals treated with the combination of Oseltamivir and Bezafibrate.Innovation and conclusion: Animals with bezafibrate induced hypo-triglyceridemia that received Oseltamivir, either in single or repeated doses, have a higher improvement of their antioxidant activity and also experienced changes in the dopaminergic and serotonergic system in their brain, intending establish the beneficial of joint administration of both drugs in obese patients.
Assuntos
Dopamina , Oseltamivir , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Animais , Bezafibrato/farmacologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Ácido Hidroxi-Indolacético/farmacologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Masculino , Oseltamivir/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Metformin pharmacokinetics in a liquid extemporaneous formulation from commercial tablets was determined in paediatric patients. A randomized, transversal clinical trial was conducted in 34 children and adolescents between 7 and 17 years of age. 17 children were randomized to take metformin in the liquid formulation and, after a 1-week wash period, a 500 mg metformin tablet was administered to them. Blood samples were obtained in Whatman 903® cards at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours. Extraction was made by direct precipitation with acetonitrile (ACN) and methanol, detection by UPLC and tandem mass spectrometry. The method was accurate, precise, selective and linear from 50 to 1000 ng/mL (r = .9982). Comparative pharmacokinetics, tablet vs formulation, were as follows: Cmax 1503.2 ng/mL vs 1521.4, Tmax 1.5 h vs 2.3, and half-life 8.2 vs 7.5 h. The liquid formulation of metformin showed similar pharmacokinetics to the tablet, and the ratios (90% CI) of geometric mean for metformin were 100.63% (89.13-113.6), 98.08% (88.04-109.2), and 97.52% (84.9-112.01), for Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC 0-∞, respectively. Pharmacokinetics was determined using WinNonlin Pro 3.1 software. The liquid formulation of metformin showed similar pharmacokinetics to the tablet, allowing a more precise dose adjustment and ease of administration.
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PURPOSE: The objective of the present study is to describe the clinical, diagnostic, radiological and therapeutic aspects of osteoarticular tuberculosis (OATB) in patients in a tertiary pediatric hospital, to know if the diagnosis of OATB in pediatrics is a challenge due to its insidious clinical presentation. METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive study of the cases of Tuberculosis (TB) in children was carried out. A total of 159 cases met the condition for the analysis. RESULTS: The most frequent TB modality was extrapulmonary in 85%. Out of this, only 29% was OATB. The mean age was 4.9 years (range 8 months-16 years). Eighty-six per cent of cases received Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination at birth. Median time of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 8 months. Microbiological confirmation was achieved only in five cases, with a high sensitivity to the antimicrobial treatment. Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain Tokio 172 was confirmed in three cases. Mortality rate was 0% during the time of study CONCLUSION: Our study describes the epidemiological characteristics of OATB cases in Mexican children. This data revealed a high prevalence of bone and joint TB infection. Pediatric OATB should be considered in cases with lytic bone lesions, fever and local pain. In countries with BCG immunization program, M. bovis should not be forgotten as an etiological agent. The low detection rate with one technique approach highlights the urgent need for more sensitive test to diagnose OATB in children.
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Tuberculose Osteoarticular/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Osteoarticular/terapia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Several risks for diseases, such as atherosclerosis, renal diseases, and diabetes, have inextricably been linked with obesity. Nowadays, this health-risk-laden disease is being managed with assorted types of drugs, some of which guarantee modest benefits. The chronic inflammatory effect of obesity has a negative effect in insulin signaling, a situation attributable to insulin resistance that culminates in high blood sugar inputs seen in diseases such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Food such as beans with different bioactive compounds could reduce the risk of diabetic complications. Demand for bean products is growing because of its robust contents of several health-promoting components, eg, saponins. Saponins are characterized by containing lower glucose and cholesterol levels and have been doted with antioxidant activities, as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. In this writing, the attributes of saponins in providing substantial health and nutritional benefits in humans, as well as in improving and ameliorating diabetic complications, were reviewed.
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Primary rib cage tuberculosis (TB) is an infrequent form of presentation and represents 1% of all cases of osteoarticular TB. We report three cases of children who were previously healthy and who began with swelling of the anterior surface of the rib as initial manifestation of TB. The most important clinical presentations in this series were swelling and pain, with lytic lesions and a soft tissue mass in image studies simulating oncologic pathologies. Because none of the cases had positive epidemiological contact, TB was initially not considered, so the delay in diagnosis from the onset of symptoms was 4, 1, and 2 months, respectively. The diagnosis was made through histomorphological analyses. Treatment was administered during 12, 10, and 9 months. Posttreatment studies did not show any evidence of extrapulmonary TB and until date, the patients remained without relapse or active disease. The findings in our cases illustrate that the diagnosis of chest wall TB should be suspected in all patients from endemic areas who present rib injury.