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The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.03.023. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between estimated human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load and abnormal cytology on anal samples. METHODS: Anal cytological samples of 42 HIV-positive patients were analysed by conventional cytology and Hybrid Capture II. RESULTS: On cytology, 30.95% (13 of 42) anal samples were positive for cytological abnormalities, 47.61% (20 of 42) were negative and 21.42% (nine of 42) were unsatisfactory. High-risk HPV infection was more frequent in anal samples with cytological abnormalities than in negative samples (P = 0.0002, Fisher's exact test), it was detected in all samples with cytological abnormalities and in 35% (seven of 20) of the negative samples. On samples with cytological abnormalities, the median of the relative light unit/cutoff (RLU/CO) value (viral load estimate) was 10.39 (1.02-572.6) and in negative samples it was 0.51 (0.26-51.70). The median of the RLU/CO value was higher in samples with cytological abnormalities when compared with the median in negative samples (P = 0.0001, Mann-Whitney U-test) and only samples with cytological abnormalities showed RLU/CO values > 100. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated high-risk HPV viral load is significantly higher in samples with cytological abnormalities than in negative anal samples and may be useful as an adjunct to anal cytology for triage of patients to high-resolution anoscopy and biopsy.
Assuntos
Doenças do Ânus/patologia , Doenças do Ânus/virologia , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Carga Viral , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Early identification of the severity of asthma exacerbation would be helpful for the management of patients. We aimed to evaluate the correlation of morphological change in activated eosinophils and the severity of an asthma exacerbation. METHODS: Blood was collected from 55 asthmatic children: 40 of whom were having an exacerbation, 15 symptom-free, and 15 healthy controls. The percentage of eosinophils with morphological changes (emission of single or multiple pseudopods, presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles, releasing a small, moderate, or large quantity of granules, spreading, eosinophil death, and presence of cluster of free eosinophil granules) was quantified after the adherence to a slide and compared using the Mann-Whitney test. The correlation between the severity of the asthma exacerbation and the percentage changed eosinophils was tested with Spearman's correlation. RESULTS: The proportion of activated eosinophils was higher in asthmatic symptom-free children than in the control group, and acute asthma exacerbation produced an additional increase in eosinophil activation (P < 0.01). More significantly increased morphological changes were emissions of multiple pseudopods, presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles, spreading, and presence of a cluster of free eosinophil granules (P < 0.001). The following were correlated with the severity of an asthma exacerbation: ≥14% of eosinophils emitting single pseudopod, 8% emitting multiple pseudopods, 17% with vacuoles, 28% eosinophils releasing a large quantity of granules, and 66% of spread eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS: Quantifying the morphological changes in eosinophils is a feasible, easy, and reliable manner to identify the severity of an asthma exacerbation and therefore might improve the clinical management of asthmatic children.
Assuntos
Asma/sangue , Progressão da Doença , Eosinofilia/sangue , Eosinófilos/citologia , Adolescente , Asma/imunologia , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Contagem de Células , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Proteínas Granulares de Eosinófilos/imunologia , Proteínas Granulares de Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Eosinofilia/imunologia , Eosinófilos/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
This study aimed to describe the seasonal variation of condition factor (K) correlated with gonadossomatic (GSI) and hepatossomatic index (HSI) of Leporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1837), collected downstream of the Hidroelectric Power Station of Funil, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to evaluate if these indices can indicate the reproductive period of this species. The animals were captured between September/2006 and August/2007 and grouped seasonally. The length and the weight of 110 individuals were measured to calculate K, the weight of the liver was determined to calculate HSI and the weight of the gonad to calculate GSI. The K of females and males grouped and of males alone were significantly lower (p 0.05) in the summer. As for the females alone, no significant variation of the K was observed throughout the year. The values of HSI were significantly greater during the spring and summer for both sexes, whereas the GSI of males and females was superior (p 0.05) in the summer. In the correlation tests, K was not related with the GSI and HSI factors; however, strong correlation between GSI and HSI was found. K is not an index of the reproductive period of Leporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1837), whereas GSI and HIS can be used for indicating reproduction.KEYWORDS: fish; reproduction; reservoir.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a variação sazonal do fator de condição (K) correlacionado com os índices gonadossomático (IGS) e hepatossomático (IHS) de Leporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1837), coletados a jusante da Usina Hidrelétrica do Funil, e avaliar se esses índices podem indicar o período reprodutivo dessa espécie. Os animais (n=110) foram capturados mensalmente entre setembro/2006 e agosto/2007 e agrupados por estação do ano. O comprimento e o peso dos animais foram obtidos para cálculo de K, o peso do fígado foi determinado para o cálculo do IHS e com o peso das gônadas foi obtido o IGS. O valor de K obtido para machos e fêmeas agrupados e somente para machos foi significativamente menor (p 0,05) no verão. Para as fêmeas não houve variação significativa de K ao longo do ano. Os valores de IHS foram significativamente maiores durante a primavera e verão para ambos os sexos, enquanto que o IGS de machos e fêmeas foram maiores (p 0,05) durante a primavera. Nos testes de correlação, K não está relacionado com o IGS nem com o IHS e não se mostrou um bom indicador do período reprodutivo da piapara. Entretanto, existe forte correlação entre IGS e IHS e, relacionados, podem ser utilizados como indicadores do período reprodutivo dessa espécie, que provavelmente ocorre na primavera.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: peixe; reprodução; reservatório.
RESUMO
This study aimed to describe the seasonal variation of condition factor (K) correlated with gonadossomatic (GSI) and hepatossomatic index (HSI) of Leporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1837), collected downstream of the Hidroelectric Power Station of Funil, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to evaluate if these indices can indicate the reproductive period of this species. The animals were captured between September/2006 and August/2007 and grouped seasonally. The length and the weight of 110 individuals were measured to calculate K, the weight of the liver was determined to calculate HSI and the weight of the gonad to calculate GSI. The K of females and males grouped and of males alone were significantly lower (p 0.05) in the summer. As for the females alone, no significant variation of the K was observed throughout the year. The values of HSI were significantly greater during the spring and summer for both sexes, whereas the GSI of males and females was superior (p 0.05) in the summer. In the correlation tests, K was not related with the GSI and HSI factors; however, strong correlation between GSI and HSI was found. K is not an index of the reproductive period of Leporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1837), whereas GSI and HIS can be used for indicating reproduction.KEYWORDS: fish; reproduction; reservoir.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a variação sazonal do fator de condição (K) correlacionado com os índices gonadossomático (IGS) e hepatossomático (IHS) de Leporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1837), coletados a jusante da Usina Hidrelétrica do Funil, e avaliar se esses índices podem indicar o período reprodutivo dessa espécie. Os animais (n=110) foram capturados mensalmente entre setembro/2006 e agosto/2007 e agrupados por estação do ano. O comprimento e o peso dos animais foram obtidos para cálculo de K, o peso do fígado foi determinado para o cálculo do IHS e com o peso das gônadas foi obtido o IGS. O valor de K obtido para machos e fêmeas agrupados e somente para machos foi significativamente menor (p 0,05) no verão. Para as fêmeas não houve variação significativa de K ao longo do ano. Os valores de IHS foram significativamente maiores durante a primavera e verão para ambos os sexos, enquanto que o IGS de machos e fêmeas foram maiores (p 0,05) durante a primavera. Nos testes de correlação, K não está relacionado com o IGS nem com o IHS e não se mostrou um bom indicador do período reprodutivo da piapara. Entretanto, existe forte correlação entre IGS e IHS e, relacionados, podem ser utilizados como indicadores do período reprodutivo dessa espécie, que provavelmente ocorre na primavera.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: peixe; reprodução; reservatório.
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Diesel exhaust is the major source of ultrafine particles released during traffic-related pollution. Subjects with chronic respiratory diseases are at greater risk for exacerbations during exposure to air pollution. This study evaluated the effects of subchronic exposure to a low-dose of diesel exhaust particles (DEP). Sixty male BALB/c mice were divided into two groups: (a) Saline: nasal instillation of saline (n = 30); and (b) DEP: nasal instillation of 30 microg of DEP/10 microl of saline (n = 30). Nasal instillations were performed 5 days a week, over 30 and 60 days. Animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg intraperitoneal [i.p.]) and sacrificed by exsanguination. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was performed to evaluate the inflammatory cell count and the concentrations of the interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-13 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The gene expression of oligomeric mucus/gel-forming (Muc5ac) was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histological analysis in the nasal septum and bronchioles was used to evaluate the bronchial and nasal epithelium thickness as well as the acidic and neutral nasal mucus content. The saline group (30 and 60 days) did not show any changes in any of the parameters. However, the instillation of DEP over 60 days increased the expression of Muc5ac in the lungs and the acid mucus content in the nose compared with the 30-day treatment, and it increased the total leukocytes in the BAL and the nasal epithelium thickness compared with saline for 60 days. Cytokines concentrations in the BAL were detectable, with no differences among the groups. Our data suggest that a low-dose of DEP over 60 days induces respiratory tract inflammation.
Assuntos
Exposição por Inalação/efeitos adversos , Material Particulado/administração & dosagem , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Mucosa Respiratória/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Respiratória/patologia , Emissões de Veículos , Administração Intranasal , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Animais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/patologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
Apesar de o termo celulite ser inadequado, já que não se trata de inflamação ou infecção do tecido celular subcutâneo, está consagrado pelo uso para definir condição feminina caracterizada pelo aspecto ondulado da pele de algumas áreas corporais. Constitui queixa frequente e problema importante para a maioria das mulheres e, por ter etiopatogenia complexa, multifatorial e incompletamente conhecida, não há tratamento eficaz e definitivo. Sendo assim, proporciona uma gama de propostas terapêuticas sem evidências científicas suficientes e outras baseadas em publicações de qualidade questionável. Sabe-se que tratamentos tópicos são ineficazes, embora alguns possam ser coadjuvantes.Até o momento, não há tecnologia disponível que possa corrigir as alterações estruturais do tecido adiposo feminino e da derme profunda.A perspectiva, sem dúvida, dependerá de tecnologia baseada no princípio da fototermólise seletiva para a gordura superficial da hipoderme e para a derme profunda. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da epidemiologia, etiopatogenia, histologia, classificação clínica, métodos para diagnóstico e avaliação e tratamento da celulite.
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As the diversity in clinical presentation of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is determined mainly by the immune response of host, our aim was to evaluate the in situ expression of Foxp3 [marker of regulatory T (Treg) cell] in lesions of the different clinical forms of ATL. Foxp3(+) cells were observed in 39.5% (32/81) of the samples and the number of positive cells was low in all the clinical forms. Even presenting a significantly lower number of CD4(+) T cells, diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) showed a higher expression of Foxp3 when compared with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). In LCL and MCL, the number of Foxp3(+) cells correlated positively with the number of apoptotic cells (active caspase-3(+) cells). A positive correlation was also observed between the expression of active caspase-3 and FasL in these clinical forms. Our data suggest that increased number of Treg cells may be associated to the hyporesponsiveness observed in DCL and also indicate that the apoptosis may be a possible mechanism of action of Foxp3(+) Treg cell in LCL and MCL. However, further studies are required to better understand the mechanism of action of Treg cell.
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Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/biossíntese , Leishmaniose/imunologia , Leishmaniose/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Apoptose , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Caspase 3/biossíntese , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Proteína Ligante Fas/biossíntese , Feminino , Humanos , Tolerância Imunológica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A joint transcriptomic and proteomic approach employing two-dimensional electrophoresis, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry was carried out to identify peptides and proteins expressed by the venom gland of the snake Bothrops insularis, an endemic species of Queimada Grande Island, Brazil. Four protein families were mainly represented in processed spots, namely metalloproteinase, serine proteinase, phospholipase A2 and lectin. Other represented families were growth factors, the developmental protein G10, a disintegrin and putative novel bradykinin-potentiating peptides. The enzymes were present in several isoforms. Most of the experimental data agreed with predicted values for isoelectric point and Mr of proteins found in the transcriptome of the venom gland. The results also support the existence of posttranslational modifications and of proteolytic processing of precursor molecules which could lead to diverse multifunctional proteins. This study provides a preliminary reference map for proteins and peptides present in Bothrops insularis whole venom establishing the basis for comparative studies of other venom proteomes which could help the search for new drugs and the improvement of venom therapeutics. Altogether, our data point to the influence of transcriptional and post-translational events on the final venom composition and stress the need for a multivariate approach to snake venomics studies.
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Animais , Proteoma/análise , Venenos de Serpentes , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Bothrops , Venenos/análiseRESUMO
Gestational period in a bitch, after natural mating with a normal dog, was evaluated by two-dimensional conventional, high-resolution two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography. High-resolution two-dimensional ultrasonography show better image and provides early diagnosis of pregnancy (15 days) in comparison to conventional one (20 days). Three-dimensional ultrasonography was use to evaluate fetal morphology during late gestation period, however its application is still limited(AU)