RESUMO

There is series of factors associated to fertilization and embryo development events. Each factor has a role in the inter-relationship between various molecular events related to oocyte/embryo quality. Dynamic features associated to endocrine-paracrine environment are determinant to the role of each factor in ovaric follicullar development. Growth factors, vascular-endothelial growth factor, nitric oxide, leptin and others correlate in ovular maturity process. That is why growth factors, vascular-endothelial growth factor, nitric oxide, leptin and others can be expressed as embryo viability and implantation biomarkers.

Assuntos

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Cervical lavage used to remove and cleaning some of the scale elements as well as cervical mucous during embryo transfer has been a regular practice in many reproductive centers worldwide. However, the microenvironment influence using these techniques will or not be detrimental in the embryo development. Under this issue, a prospective study was doing in 16 patients (underwent hysterectomy). A cervical lavage was performed previous to the procedure similar to the embryo's transfer step, subsequently cervical invasion was checking. The age was 36.4 +/- 8.6 years, preoperatory diagnosis was abnormal uterine bleeding (n = 4), myomata (n = 4), adenomiosis (n = 4), endometrial polyp (n = 3) and chronic pelvic pain (n = 1). Uterine weight was 127.5 +/- 55.4 g with a surgical time of 48.8 +/- 12.5 minutes. Medium in the uterine cavity was founded in only one case. We believe that cervical lavage is a secure technique in embryo transfer.

Assuntos

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Although the use of prostaglandin plays an important role in the reproductive human physiology, it is still controversial in the reproductive field. Ovarian stimulation as well as intrauterine insemination increased the reproductive goals in certain group of patients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prostaglandin effect (misoprostol) in patients under ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination and their final outcome in the clinical pregnancy rate. There were a total of 59 ovarian stimulated cycles, the study group (n = 29) received 200 micrograms of prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol) intravaginal after IUI, compared with the control group (n = 30). Demographic characteristics were similar in both groups. There were no differences in age, FSH. LH and E2, hCG day and number of ampoules between groups. However, a significant pregnancy rate was observed between groups (31% study group vs. 20% control group). We concluded that prostaglandin application in stimulated cycles under intrauterine insemination remain a beneficial effect showing in the pregnancy outcome.

Assuntos

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Currently, we are witnesses of the Assisted Reproductive techniques; advances reproductive goals have been reached with the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) in patients with male factor. However, micromanipulation techniques allowed the reproductive solution without an etiologic and/or physiopathologic diagnosis. The andrologic workup of the dynamic and functional sperm characteristics with the endocrine and urologic evaluation should be performed into the infertility management.

Assuntos

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We studied the cellular answer of placentary macrophages in pregnant women seropositive to the virus of human immunodefficiency (VIH-1) treated with zidovudina (AZT) and didanosine (ddl). Twenty eight pregnant women were studies; there were four groups of seven patients each: The control group; the group with seropositive women without treatment; the group given AZT, and the group that recieved AZT and ddl. Placentary specimens were obtained immediately after delivery. One hundred and fifty chorionic vellosities of cells. The control group showed an average of 26 Hofbauer cells; the seropositive women without antiretroviral treatment, was 115; the patients who received only AZT, the average was 65; and the ones who received a combine therapy AZT and ddl, cellular average was 44. There were no differences in the weight of the products in all the groups, nor congenital malformations in the newborns. The use of medication antiretroviral suppress viral replication, and so, there is a significant answer in the amount and size of Hofbauer cells. The administration of two medicaments is more effective in the cellular immune answer.

Assuntos

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BACKGROUND: Pemphigoid gestationis (PG), also called herpes gestationis, is a rare autoimmune disease of pregnancy or puerperium (estimated 1 out of 50,000 pregnancies among Caucasians). A previous series has demonstrated an association of PG with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR3 or HLA-DR4 haplotypes. While these haplotypes are most commonly found in individuals of European ancestry, they have also been found in African-American patients affected with PG. PG has rarely been reported in other ethnic groups, and the HLA association in non-Europeans has not been examined. METHODS: We have characterized eight patients of Mexican ancestry who have PG by clinical, histologic, and immunofluorescence criteria. Class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens were studied by standard microlymphocytotoxicity assays. Class II MHC antigens were further studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of HLA-DRB1, DQA, and DQB genes and allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. For comparison purposes, we used results obtained from a group of 100 ethnically matched healthy individuals. RESULTS: We found that all eight patients had the HLA-DR3/DR4 phenotype; all HLA-DR3 haplotypes were HLA-DRB1*0301, DQA1*0501, and DQB1*0201, whereas half of the HLA-DR4 haplotypes were from the DRB1*0401 subtype and the other half were DRB1 *0407. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, in Mexicans, the genetic susceptibility for the development of PG is strongly influenced by the genetic admixture of Caucasian origin, and the role of class II MHC antigens in the pathophysiology of this disease is confirmed.

Assuntos

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We determined the secular trend in blood lead levels in a cohort of 104 children born in Mexico City between 1987 and 1993. We grouped children by the calendar year in which they reached 6 mo of age and measured blood lead levels every 6 mo until they attained 36 mo of age. The overall geometric mean blood lead level was 9.6 microg/dl (range = 1.5-59.5 microg/dl). A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a highly significant linear trend in blood lead level with year (p < .001); there was a maximum decrease of 7.6 microg/dl between 1989 and 1993. There was a highly significant quadratic age effect (p < .001); blood lead levels rose between 6 and 18 mo of age and decreased thereafter. There was a marginally significant interaction between age of the child and year. Family use of lead-glazed pottery significantly elevated blood lead levels (p = .028). The downward trend in blood lead levels during the time period of study corresponded to the reduction in various sources of lead exposure.

Assuntos

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OBJECTIVE: To determine bone density in the third lumbar vertebra in a group of men and women from the Mexico City correlating the morphometric characteristics of vertebral body by specific techniques and to detect groups with alterations like osteoporosis or osteopenia. METHODOLOGY: The study was made in third lumbar vertebra from 23 patients dead of the Medical Service Forense-México, 8 women between 31 to 72 years old and 15 men between 25 yo 62 years old. The studies were: Radiological, bone densitometry and by image in which was determined density of vertical and horizontal trabeculaes. With x-ray technique in scanning electron microscopy was determined in form semiquantitative the presence of Ca, P, Mg and Na, and Ca distribution by technique of x-ray energy dispersed. RESULTS: In the radiological trail all vertebras of the female group were abnormal, the major finding was degenerative feature; 5 Showed trabeculation increased 3 fractured; in the males group 7 patients were normal, degenerative fracture in 8; of these six had densitometry with DEXA; in the females group only one was normal, 3 osteopenia, 5 osteoporosis; in the male group: 5 osteopenia and 5 osteoporosis. Scanning electron microscopy examination exhibit a homogeneous and dense expression pattern, wherever SEM demonstrated the absence or decrease of deposit calcium in osteoporosis. A morphometric examination of the trabecular thickness demonstrates a difference between the two sexes. The normal median was 222.1 microns, the osteoporosis range was 126.3 to 156.2 microns in the female osteoporosis, in male group was found two normal values with a trabecular density mean of 249.7 microns, in the last two cases one with osteopenia and the other with osteoporosis, the mean value was 186.4 microns. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, was demonstrated that the degenerative alterations in osteoporosis and osteopenia in young people are more frequent to respect other reports. The following observations require special emphasis either because they provide clues to the mechanism of altered expression of calcium: Genetic, ethnic, consume, sedentary and others.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

Perinatal evolution was compared and two study groups in women with advanced maternal age and pregnancy. 626 were included from a total of 778 with age 35 years, who resolved their pregnancy during 1995. They were classified, according to age, in two groups: 1) maternal age of 35-39 year; they were considered primigestas and multigestas. Perinatal complications were classified in personal antecedent, antepartum and intrapartum complications. To analyze the association between maternal age and parity with perinatal complications, X2 or exact test of Fisher, was used. Percentage of women with advanced age and pregnancy was 13.6%. Main perinatal complications were: preeclapmsia, gestational diabetes, preterm delivery threat, and membranes rupture. There were no significant differences as to complications by age and parity. There were 90% of children with 2500 g, and Apgar of 97%. Perinatal death was 0.4%, and fetal malformation 0.6%. Cesarean frequency, was over 90% in primigestas and in more of 60% in multigestas. Perinatal evolution in advanced age and pregnancy is adequate, if she starts prenatal control early enough.

Assuntos