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Resumo: Introdução: O Teste de Progresso (TP) é um instrumento de avaliação aplicado anualmente e coordenado pela Associação Brasileira de Educação Médica (Abem). A Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Brasília (UnB) participa do Teste de Progresso da Região Centro-Oeste (TP-CO) desde o ano de 2013 e utiliza os dados oriundos da avaliação para diagnóstico interno e discussões sobre a formação médica. Objetivo: Este estudo descreve os resultados obtidos pelos discentes no TP e analisa possíveis relações entre mudança do PPC e desempenho dos estudantes. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico, realizado a partir dos resultados obtidos pelos discentes do curso em comparação ao universo das instituições do consórcio TP-CO entre 2013 e 2021. Nesse período, participaram do teste estudantes inseridos em duas matrizes curriculares: currículo antigo (CA) e currículo novo (CN). A fim de verificar a evolução da nota média da UnB em cada período em comparação à nota média do consórcio, foi aplicado o teste de proporção para as diferenças em cada par de notas da UnB e do consórcio, em cada ano da série histórica e período dos estudantes avaliados. Resultado: Entre 2013 e 2015, vigência do CA, não se observaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas médias entre os estudantes da UnB de todos os anos do curso comparados ao consórcio TP-CO. O mesmo comportamento foi verificado entre 2016 e 2018, período de transição composto por estudantes das matrizes CA e CN. Contudo, entre 2019 e 2021, vigência da nova matriz curricular, observaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os estudantes da UnB e do consórcio. Conclusão: O TP possibilita um olhar sobre o desempenho da escola e a identificação de lacunas que geram reflexões na busca por uma educação médica de excelência. Com a experiência apresentada, foi possível identificar as trilhas percorridas pelo curso da UnB ao longo de sua participação no consórcio, considerando as mudanças curriculares.
Abstract: Introduction: The Progress Test (TP) is an assessment instrument applied annually and coordinated by the Brazilian Association of Medical Education (ABEM). The UnB School of Medicine has participated in the TP-CO since 2013 and uses the data from the assessment for internal diagnosis and discussions about medical education. Objective: describe the results obtained by students in the TP and analyze possible relationships between changes in the PPC and student performance. Method: This is an analytical cross-sectional study, based on the results obtained by the students of the course compared to the universe of institutions in the TP-CO consortium between 2013 and 2021. In this period, students enrolled in two curricular matrices sat the test: old curriculum (AC) and new curriculum (CN). In order to verify the evolution of the average score of UnB in each period compared to the average score of the consortium, the ratio test was applied to the differences in each pair of scores of UnB and consortium, in each year of the historical series and period of the students evaluated. Results: Between the years 2013 and 2015, when the CA was in effect, no statistically significant differences were observed in the averages between the UnB students of all course years compared to the TP-CO Consortium. The same behavior was verified between 2016 and 2018, a transition period composed of CA and CN matrix students. However, between 2019 and 2021, when the new curricular matrix was in effect, statistically significant differences were observed between the UnB and consortium students. Conclusion: The TP gives insight into the performance of the school and identifies gaps that generate reflections in the search for excellence in medical education. With the experience presented it was possible to identify the paths taken by the UnB course throughout its participation in the consortium, considering the curricular changes.
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Background Decompressive craniectomy is a consolidated method for the treatment of malignant ischemic stroke (iS) in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. Thus, factors contributing to mortality constitute an important area of investigation. Objective To evaluate the epidemiological clinical profile and predictors of mortality in a single-center population of patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of malignant iS. Methods A single-center retrospective study was performed in 87 patients with malignant iS subjected to emergency decompressive craniectomy from January 2014 to December 2017. Age, gender, laterality, aphasia, time interval between disease onset and treatment, and clinical and neurological outcomes using the Glasgow coma scale were assessed. The patients were stratified by age: a group of participants 60 years old or younger, and a group of participants older than 60 years old for assessment of survival and mortality by the Kaplan-Meier test and log-rank comparison. The intensity of the association between demographic and clinical variables was evaluated by multivariate Cox regression. Results Ischemic stroke was prevalent in patients with hypertension (63.29%). Seventy seven (84%) patients had some type of postoperative complication, mostly pneumonia (42.8%). The risk of death was 2.71 (p » 0.0041) and 1.93 (p » 0.0411) times higher in patients older than 60 and with less than 8 points on the Glasgow coma scale, respectively. Conclusion Malignant iS has a significant mortality rate. Age above 60 years and Glasgow coma scale values below 8 were statistically correlated with unfavorable prognosis.
Contexto A craniectomia descompressiva é um método consolidado para o tratamento do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCI) maligno no território da artéria cerebral média. No entanto, os fatores envolvidos na mortalidade constituem objeto de investigação. Objetivo Avaliar o perfil clínico epidemiológico e os preditores de mortalidade em uma população unicêntrica de pacientes submetidos à craniectomia descompressiva para tratamento de acidente vascular isquêmico maligno. Métodos Um estudo retrospectivo unicêntrico foi realizado com 87 pacientes com AVCI maligno submetidos à craniectomia descompressiva de emergência de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2017. Idade, gênero, lateralidade, afasia, intervalo de tempo entre o início da doença e o tratamento, e escala de coma de Glasgow foram avaliados. Os pacientes foram estratificados por idade: um grupo com participantes com 60 anos de idade ou menos, e outro com participantes com mais de 60 anos para avaliação de sobrevida e mortalidade pelo teste de Kaplan-Meier e comparação log-rank. A intensidade da associação entre variáveis demográficas e clínicas foi avaliada por regressão multivariada de Cox. Resultados Houve prevalência de hipertensos (63,29%). Setenta e sete (84%) dos pacientes tiveram algum tipo de complicação pós-operatória, com predomínio de pneumonia (42,8%). O risco de morte foi 2,71 e 1,93 maior em pacientes com mais de 60 anos e com menos de 8 pontos na escala de coma de Glasgow, respectivamente. Conclusão O AVCI maligno ainda tem uma taxa de mortalidade significativa. Idade acima de 60 anos e valores da escala de coma de Glasgow abaixo de 8 foram estatisticamente correlacionados com um prognóstico desfavorável.
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This study aimed to determine the main single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with an increased or decreased risk of glioma development in healthy individuals. We conducted a systematic review of the articles published in English on the PUBMED database between January 2008 and December 2017. Our search resulted in a total of 743 articles; however, only 56 were included in this review. A total of 148 polymorphisms were found, which involved 64 different genes. The polymorphisms that were most associated with an increased risk of glioma development were polymorphic variants rs179782, rs13181, and rs3791679 of the genes XRCC1, ERCC2, and EFEMP1, respectively.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética/métodos , Glioma/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Proteína 1 Complementadora Cruzada de Reparo de Raio-X/genética , Proteína Grupo D do Xeroderma Pigmentoso/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prolactinomas are tumors of the pituitary gland that usually respond very well to treatment with cabergoline. Resistance to cabergoline is very rare, but when it occurs, it is a difficult problem to resolve if the tumor is inoperable. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old white man was treated for a giant macroprolactinoma detected during investigation of a subacute subdural hematoma of the left frontal lobe. The patient was treated with cabergoline for 17 years with a dose ranging from 1.0 mg to 3.5 mg per week. We were not able to normalize his prolactin level, which initially was 14,992 ng/ml and ultimately 1754 ng/ml. The tumor significantly shrank during the follow-up period but persisted. The patient had cardiac valvulopathies that did not worsen. He had an ischemic stroke and developed a psychotic condition that was successfully treated by lowering the cabergoline and administering quetiapine and mirtazapine together. This regimen led to a small increase in the patient's prolactin that returned to previous levels and remained as such until the last medical evaluation. The tumor continued to shrink and had a cystic degeneration in the last evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Combined use of cabergoline with quetiapine and mirtazapine to treat a psychotic crisis may have contributed to shrinking the tumor in our patient because these antipsychotics have action mediated by growth factors that interfere with growth of pituitary tumors.
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Cabergolina , Mirtazapina/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Hipofisárias , Prolactina/sangue , Prolactinoma , Transtornos Psicóticos , Fumarato de Quetiapina/administração & dosagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Cabergolina/administração & dosagem , Cabergolina/efeitos adversos , Agonistas de Dopamina/administração & dosagem , Agonistas de Dopamina/efeitos adversos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/sangue , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/complicações , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/patologia , Prolactinoma/sangue , Prolactinoma/complicações , Prolactinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Prolactinoma/patologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Psicóticos/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Psicóticos/etiologia , Psicotrópicos/administração & dosagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga TumoralRESUMO
PURPOSE: Endovascular therapy for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms has a higher incidence of rebleeding and a lower occlusion rate than microsurgical clipping. This study investigated whether first coil volume packing density (1st VPD) and first loop diameter of the first coil (1st LD) are associated with recanalization after endovascular coiling. METHODS: The study included 174 initial saccular aneurysm cases from 2010 to 2015. Between the recanalization and non-recanalization groups, we compared age, sex, aneurysm location, rupture occurrence, shape, maximum aneurysm size, neck width, dome-to-neck ratio, aneurysm volume, coil volume, VPD, 1st VPD, 1st LD, relation of the first loop diameter of the first coil and the maximum aneurysm size (RLAS), types of assistance techniques, and the Raymond scale score at initial and follow-up angiography. RESULTS: Recanalization occurred in 41 cases (23.6%). The factors associated with recanalization were irregular shape, maximum aneurysm size, neck width, dome-to-neck ratio, aneurysm volume, VPD, 1st VPD and 1st LD smaller than the maximum aneurysm size. The cut-off values for aneurysmal recanalization were 92%, 11% and 37% for RLAS, 1st VPD and VPD, respectively. CONCLUSION: The 1st VPD and 1st LD were associated with aneurysmal recanalization after embolization. These factors provide a helpful index for coil programming.
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Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aneurisma Roto/terapia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Angiografia Cerebral , Embolização Terapêutica/instrumentação , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Intracraniano/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Curva ROC , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in the great saphenous vein (GSV) after foam sclerotherapy for varicose veins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study of 33 patients who were treated with polidocanol foam sclerotherapy after having had varicose veins with a clinical severity-etiology-anatomy-pathophysiology classification of C4-C6 for three months. The patients were evaluated by ultrasound before, during, and after the procedure (on post-procedure days 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90). The GSV diameter, the rate of venous occlusion, and the rate of reflux elimination were determined. Two patients were excluded for having a history of deep vein thrombosis history, and one was excluded for having bronchial asthma. RESULTS: Thirty patients (26 females and 4 males, with mean age of 62 years) completed the protocol. The mean pre-procedure GSV diameter was 6.0 ± 0.32 mm (range, 3.6-11.2 mm). During the sclerotherapy, the mean GSV diameter was reduced to 1.9 ± 0.15 mm (range, 0.6-3.8 mm). On post-procedure day 7, the mean GSV diameter increased to 6.3 ± 0.28 mm (range, 3.9-9.7 mm). On post-procedure day 90, the mean GSV diameter was 4.0 ± 0.22 mm (range, 1.9-8.2 mm). The rate of GSV reflux was significantly lower in the assessment performed on post-procedure day 90 than in the pre-procedure assessment (p < 0.0028). CONCLUSION: On the basis of our ultrasound analysis, we can conclude that foam sclerotherapy for varicose veins results in a significant reduction in GSV diameter, as well as in the elimination of GSV reflux.
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Abstract Objective: To assess changes in the great saphenous vein (GSV) after foam sclerotherapy for varicose veins. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study of 33 patients who were treated with polidocanol foam sclerotherapy after having had varicose veins with a clinical severity-etiology-anatomy-pathophysiology classification of C4-C6 for three months. The patients were evaluated by ultrasound before, during, and after the procedure (on post-procedure days 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90). The GSV diameter, the rate of venous occlusion, and the rate of reflux elimination were determined. Two patients were excluded for having a history of deep vein thrombosis history, and one was excluded for having bronchial asthma. Results: Thirty patients (26 females and 4 males, with mean age of 62 years) completed the protocol. The mean pre-procedure GSV diameter was 6.0 ± 0.32 mm (range, 3.6-11.2 mm). During the sclerotherapy, the mean GSV diameter was reduced to 1.9 ± 0.15 mm (range, 0.6-3.8 mm). On post-procedure day 7, the mean GSV diameter increased to 6.3 ± 0.28 mm (range, 3.9-9.7 mm). On post-procedure day 90, the mean GSV diameter was 4.0 ± 0.22 mm (range, 1.9-8.2 mm). The rate of GSV reflux was significantly lower in the assessment performed on post-procedure day 90 than in the pre-procedure assessment (p < 0.0028). Conclusion: On the basis of our ultrasound analysis, we can conclude that foam sclerotherapy for varicose veins results in a significant reduction in GSV diameter, as well as in the elimination of GSV reflux.
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar alterações ultrassonográficas na veia safena magna (VSM) após escleroterapia com espuma para varizes. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo prospectivo de 33 pacientes com varizes classificadas como C4-C6 (classificação clinical severity- etiology-anatomy-pathophysiology), durante três meses, submetidos a escleroterapia com espuma de polidocanol. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por ultrassonografia vascular antes, durante e 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após o procedimento. Avaliaram-se o diâmetro da VSM, a taxa de oclusão venosa e a taxa de abolição do refluxo. Dois indivíduos foram excluídos do estudo por apresentarem história prévia de trombose venosa profunda e um paciente não participou do estudo por asma brônquica. Resultados: Dos 30 pacientes que completaram o protocolo, 26 eram do sexo feminino e 4 eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 62 anos. O diâmetro da VSM médio pré-operatório foi 6,0 ± 0,32 mm (variação: 3,6-11,2 mm). Na escleroterapia, houve redução do diâmetro médio para 1,9 ± 0,15 mm (variação: 0,6-3,8 mm). Em 7 dias, houve aumento médio do diâmetro da VSM para 6,3 ± 0,28 mm (variação: 3,9-9,7 mm). Em 90 dias, o diâmetro da VSM médio reduziu para 4,0 ± 0,22 mm (variação: 1,9-8,2 mm). O refluxo venoso apresentou redução estatisticamente significante entre o pré-operatório e pós-operatório após 90 dias (p < 0,0028). Conclusão: Com base em nossa análise ultrassonográfica, podemos concluir que a escleroterapia com espuma para varizes resulta em uma redução significativa do diâmetro da VSM, bem como abolição do refluxo da VSM.
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OBJECTIVE: Transcranial sonography (TCS) is an emerging ancillary examination for diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate TCS features in patients with PD and its mimics, and establish their accuracy in predicting the final clinical diagnosis after follow-up. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 85 patients with an initial clinical suspicion of PD, atypical parkinsonism or essential tremor, all of whom underwent TCS. Two specialists reviewed the follow-up clinical visit records and determined the final clinical diagnosis. The accuracy analysis of the TCS was determined using Bayesian statistical methods. RESULTS: The finding of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (> 20 mm2) showed high sensitivity (93.4%) and specificity (86.6%). The positive likelihood ratio showed 6.93-fold greater odds for diagnosing PD than an alternative condition when this finding was present. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the practical usefulness of TCS in differentiating PD from its prevalent mimics when the clinical diagnosis was initially unclear.
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Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia Doppler Transcraniana , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Curva ROC , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT Transcranial sonography (TCS) is an emerging ancillary examination for diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD). Objective To evaluate TCS features in patients with PD and its mimics, and establish their accuracy in predicting the final clinical diagnosis after follow-up. Methods We retrospectively studied 85 patients with an initial clinical suspicion of PD, atypical parkinsonism or essential tremor, all of whom underwent TCS. Two specialists reviewed the follow-up clinical visit records and determined the final clinical diagnosis. The accuracy analysis of the TCS was determined using Bayesian statistical methods. Results The finding of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (> 20 mm2) showed high sensitivity (93.4%) and specificity (86.6%). The positive likelihood ratio showed 6.93-fold greater odds for diagnosing PD than an alternative condition when this finding was present. Conclusions This study revealed the practical usefulness of TCS in differentiating PD from its prevalent mimics when the clinical diagnosis was initially unclear.
RESUMO A ultrassonografia transcraniana (UTC) é um exame complementar para diagnóstico de doença de Parkinson (DP). Objetivo Avaliar as características da UTC em pacientes com DP e seus diagnósticos diferenciais e estabelecer a precisão desse exame para o diagnóstico clínico de DP após seguimento. Métodos Avaliou-se retrospectivamente 85 pacientes com suspeita clínica inicial de DP, parkinsonismo atípico (PA) ou tremor essencial (TE), todos submetidos a UTC. Um consenso de dois especialistas determinou o diagnóstico clínico final após revisar os registros médicos das consultas de seguimento. A precisão do UTC foi calculada usando métodos estatísticos Bayesianos. Resultados O achado de hiperecogenicidade da substância negra (> 20 mm2) mostrou alta sensibilidade (93,4%) e especificidade (86,6%). A razão de verossimilhança positiva mostra 6.93 vezes mais chances de diagnosticar DP do que uma condição alternativa, se o achado estiver presente. Conclusões Este estudo demonstra a utilidade prática do UTC na diferenciação de DP de condições clínicas similares quando o diagnóstico clínico é inicialmente pouco claro.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia Doppler Transcraniana , Estudos Retrospectivos , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Leprosy affects approximately 10-15 million patients worldwide and remains a relevant public health issue. Chronic pain secondary to leprosy is a primary cause of morbidity, and its treatment remains a challenge. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for painful mononeuropathy secondary to leprosy that is refractory to pharmacological therapy and surgical intervention (decompression). METHODS: Between 2011 and 2013 twenty-three patients with painful mononeuropathy secondary to leprosy were recruited to this prospective case series. All patients were considered to be refractory to optimized conservative treatment and neurosurgical decompression. Pain was evaluated over the course of the study using the neuropathic pain scale and the visual analog scale for pain. In the first stage, patients were implanted with a temporary electrode that was connected to an external stimulator, and were treated with PNS for seven days. Patients with 50% or greater pain relief received a definitive implantation in the second stage. Follow-ups in the second stage were conducted at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: After seven days of trial in the first stage, 10 patients showed a pain reduction of 50% or greater. At 12-month follow-up in the second stage, 6 of the 10 patients who underwent permanent device implantation showed a pain reduction of 50% or greater (75% reduction on average), and two patients showed a 30% reduction in pain. Two patients presented with electrode migration that required repositioning during the 12-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that PNS might have significant long-term utility for the treatment of painful mononeuropathy secondary to leprosy. Future studies should be performed in order to corroborate our findings in a larger population and encourage the clinical implementation of this technique.