RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is a common endocrine disease, and its most effective treatment is surgery. Postoperative hypocalcemia is a morbidity of parathyroid surgeries, and it may extend hospitalization durations. The purpose of this study is to determine the predictive factors related to the development of hypocalcemia and hungry bone syndrome (HBS) in patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for PHP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laboratory data comprising parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphate, 25-OHD, albumin, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of the patients were recorded preoperatively, on the 1st and 4th days postoperatively, and in the 6th postoperative month, and their neck ultrasound (US) and bone densitometry data were also recorded. RESULTS: Hypocalcemia was seen in 63 patients (38.4%) on the 1st day after parathyroidectomy. Ten patients (6.1%) had permanent hypocalcemia in the 6th month after surgery. Out of the patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for PHP, 22 (13.4%) had HBS. The incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia was higher in patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for PHP, who had parathyroid hyperplasia, and who had osteoporosis. Preoperative PTH, ALP, and BUN values were higher in those patients who developed HBS. Furthermore, HBS was more common in patients who had osteoporosis, who had parathyroid hyperplasia, and who underwent thyroidectomy simultaneously with parathyroidectomy. CONCLUSIONS: As a result, patients who have the risk factors for development of hypocalcemia and HBS should be monitored more attentively during the perioperative period.
Assuntos
Hiperparatireoidismo/complicações , Hiperparatireoidismo/cirurgia , Hipocalcemia/etiologia , Paratireoidectomia/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Calcifediol/sangue , Cálcio/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Magnésio/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Fosfatos/sangue , Período Pós-Operatório , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Valores de Referência , Medição de Risco/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Albumina Sérica/análise , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Síndrome , Tireotropina/sangue , Fatores de Tempo , Deficiência de Vitamina DRESUMO
Objective Microcalcification is strongly correlated with papillary thyroid cancer. It is not clear whether macrocalcification is associated with malignancy. In this study, we aimed to assess the result of fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of thyroid nodules with macrocalcifications. Subjects and methods We retrospectively evaluated 269 patients (907 nodules). Macrocalcifications were classified as eggshell and parenchymal macrocalcification. FNAB results were divided into four groups: benign, malignant, suspicious for malignancy, and non-diagnostic. Results There were 79.9% female and 20.1% male and mean age was 56.9 years. Macrocalcification was detected in 46.3% nodules and 53.7% nodules had no macrocalcification. Parenchymal and eggshell macrocalcification were observed in 40.5% and 5.8% nodules, respectively. Cytologically, malignant and suspicious for malignancy rates were higher in nodules with macrocalcification compared to nodules without macrocalcification (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003, respectively). Benign and non-diagnostic cytology results were similar in two groups (p > 0.05). Nodules with eggshell calcification had higher rate of suspicious for malignancy and nodules with parenchymal macrocalcification had higher rates of malignant and suspicious for malignancy compared to those without macrocalcification (p = 0.01, p = 0.003 and p = 0.007, respectively). Conclusions Our findings suggest that macrocalcifications are not always benign and are not associated with increased nondiagnostic FNAB results. Macrocalcification, particularly the parenchymal type should be taken into consideration. Arq Bras ...
Objetivo A microcalcificação está fortemente correlacionada com o câncer papilar de tiroide. Não está claro se a macrocalcificação também está associada com malignidade. Neste estudo, nosso objetivo foi avaliar o resultado da biópsia de aspiração por agulha fina (FNAB) de nódulos tiroidianos com macrocalcificações. Sujeitos e métodos Avaliamos retrospectivamente 269 pacientes (907 nódulos). As macrocalcificações foram classificadas como periféricas (casca de ovo) ou parenquimatosas (interna). Os resultados da FNAB foram divididos em quatro grupos citológicos: benignos, com malignidade, suspeita de malignidade e não diagnósticos. Resultados Das amostras, 79,9% foram coletadas de mulheres e 20,1% de homens, e a idade média foi de 56,9 anos. A macrocalcificação foi detectada em 46,3% dos nódulos, e em 53,7% dos nódulos não havia macrocalcificação. A macrocalcificação parenquimatosa e periférica foi observada em 40,5% e 5,8% dos nódulos, respectivamente. Em termos citológicos, a malignidade e suspeita de malignidade foram mais comuns em nódulos com macrocalcificação em comparação com nódulos sem macrocalcificação (p = 0,004 e p = 0,003, respectivamente). Resultados benignos e não diagnósticos da citologia foram similares em ambos os grupos (p > 0,05). Os nódulos com calcificações periféricas apresentaram uma taxa maior de suspeita de malignidade e os nódulos com macrocalcificação parenquimatosa apresentaram ...
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Calcinose/patologia , Bócio Nodular/patologia , Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Biópsia por Agulha Fina/métodos , Calcinose/classificação , Calcinose , Bócio Nodular/classificação , Bócio Nodular , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Glândula Tireoide , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide , Ultrassonografia Doppler em CoresRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Microcalcification is strongly correlated with papillary thyroid cancer. It is not clear whether macrocalcification is associated with malignancy. In this study, we aimed to assess the result of fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of thyroid nodules with macrocalcifications. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 269 patients (907 nodules). Macrocalcifications were classified as eggshell and parenchymal macrocalcification. FNAB results were divided into four groups: benign, malignant, suspicious for malignancy, and non-diagnostic. RESULTS: There were 79.9% female and 20.1% male and mean age was 56.9 years. Macrocalcification was detected in 46.3% nodules and 53.7% nodules had no macrocalcification. Parenchymal and eggshell macrocalcification were observed in 40.5% and 5.8% nodules, respectively. Cytologically, malignant and suspicious for malignancy rates were higher in nodules with macrocalcification compared to nodules without macrocalcification (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003, respectively). Benign and non-diagnostic cytology results were similar in two groups (p > 0.05). Nodules with eggshell calcification had higher rate of suspicious for malignancy and nodules with parenchymal macrocalcification had higher rates of malignant and suspicious for malignancy compared to those without macrocalcification (p = 0.01, p = 0.003 and p = 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that macrocalcifications are not always benign and are not associated with increased nondiagnostic FNAB results. Macrocalcification, particularly the parenchymal type should be taken into consideration.