RESUMO
Human Herpes virus type-8 (HHV-8) seroprevalence was studied in a population of HIV positive intravenous drug users (IVDUs) from Argentina. Analysis of this population also indirectly made it possible to study HHV-8 blood transmission, because these individuals frequently engage in needle sharing behavior and are capable of acquiring a broad array of blood borne pathogens, including Hepatitis B/C virus. The seroprevalence of HHV-8 in IVDUs was compared to a group of non-IVDUs and HIV negative individuals. Of the 223 individuals tested, 13.45% were HHV-8 positive, 16.99% in the IVDUs group, and 5.71% in the non-IVDUs. Among HIV positive IVDUs, 25/144 (17.36%) were also HHV-8 seropositive. The seropositivity rate of HHV-8 in HIV negative IVDUs was 11.1%. In contrast, HHV-8 seroprevalence in HIV negative heterosexual individuals without drug usage behavior was even lower (5.71%). The rate of HHV-8 infection in HIV positive IVDUs was three times as high compared to the non IVDU HIV negative individuals, suggesting that IVDU is a risk for HHV-8 infection. Furthermore, it was found that IVDUs showed a very high rate of Hepatitis B/C (52.77%), which also correlate with HHV-8 infection in this population (23.68%). All Hepatitis B/C positive individuals were also HIV positive. Our data confirm other studies showing that individuals who share needles are at risk for acquiring Hepatitis B/C and HIV infections. In addition, our results suggest that they are also at risk to acquiring HHV-8 infection by the same route.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/virologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/transmissão , Herpesvirus Humano 8/fisiologia , Uso Comum de Agulhas e Seringas , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/virologia , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Infecções por Herpesviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 8/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Human Herpes virus type-8 (HHV-8) seroprevalence was studied in a population of HIV positive intravenous drug users (IVDUs) from Argentina. Analysis of this population also indirectly made it possible to study HHV-8 blood transmission, because these individuals frequently engage in needle sharing behavior and are capable of acquiring a broad array of blood borne pathogens, including Hepatitis B/C virus. The seroprevalence of HHV-8 in IVDUs was compared to a group of non-IVDUs and HIV negative individuals. Of the 223 individuals tested, 13.45
were HHV-8 positive, 16.99
in the IVDUs group, and 5.71
in the non-IVDUs. Among HIV positive IVDUs, 25/144 (17.36
) were also HHV-8 seropositive. The seropositivity rate of HHV-8 in HIV negative IVDUs was 11.1
. In contrast, HHV-8 seroprevalence in HIV negative heterosexual individuals without drug usage behavior was even lower (5.71
). The rate of HHV-8 infection in HIV positive IVDUs was three times as high compared to the non IVDU HIV negative individuals, suggesting that IVDU is a risk for HHV-8 infection. Furthermore, it was found that IVDUs showed a very high rate of Hepatitis B/C (52.77
), which also correlate with HHV-8 infection in this population (23.68
). All Hepatitis B/C positive individuals were also HIV positive. Our data confirm other studies showing that individuals who share needles are at risk for acquiring Hepatitis B/C and HIV infections. In addition, our results suggest that they are also at risk to acquiring HHV-8 infection by the same route.
Assuntos
Comportamento Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Guiana/epidemiologia , Humanos , Menstruação , Fatores de Risco , Trabalho Sexual/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Determinants associated with high-risk sexual behaviors were investigated in 1,133 sexually active women in Bogotá, Colombia. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by two groups of women: 721 representing the general population (GP), and 412 commercial sex workers (CSWs). High-risk sexual behaviors for HIV/AIDS were evident in both groups. Nevertheless, consistent condom use was reported by only 6% of the GP group, as compared to 67% of the CSWs. Failure to recognize high-risk routes for HIV infection was indicated in 69% of the GP women for anal sex, and by the majority of both groups for intercourse during menses (56% GP women and 54% CSWs). Multivariate analysis revealed that education level, actual age, and age of first sex experience were significant predictors of high-risk sexual practices. The necessity for educational programs regarding high-risk sexual practices and risk of HIV/ AIDS is evident for HIV/AIDS prevention.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Assunção de Riscos , Trabalho Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Saúde da MulherRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain differences in HIV-risk behaviour patterns between recidivists and persons having their first episode of an STD. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 300 consecutive persons who complained of a new STD. RESULTS: 164/300 (55 percent) persons were recidivists while 136 (45 percent) were persons with their first STD episode. Recidivists were more likely to be males odds ratio (OR=1.89; 95 percent CI: 1.16-3.09) and Afro-Guyanese (OR=3.8; 95 percent CI: 1.96-5.50). As compared to recidivists, persons with their first STD episode were more likely to be younger, <20 years old, (23.4 percent vs. 8.8 percent; p=0.009). No significant differences were found between recidivists and first-timers with respect to educational attainment and marital status. As compared to the first-timers, recidivists were significantly less likely to report condom use (OR=0.56; 95 percent CI: 0.31-0.99) and two times more likely to report having had sex for money (OR=2.22; 95 percent CI: 1.23-5.32). No significant differences were found between recidivists and first-timers with respect to mean age of first sexual intercourse and mean number of partners during the past 12 months. Recidivists were more likely to report alcohol use (76.2 percent vs. 58. percent; p=0.003) and use of marijuana (23.2 percent vs. 16.3 percent; p=0.176). CONCLUSIONS: Recidivists were more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviour patterns, indicating that they should be targeted by HIV-prevention programmes that focus on the reduction of high-risk sexual practices.(Au)
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Estudos Transversais , Guiana/epidemiologia , Parceiros SexuaisRESUMO
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 124 street- and brothel-based female commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Georgetown in January and February 1997 to determine the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and describe the sexual practices and drug use patterns. Their median age was 30 years (range 17 to 52 years). 119 (88%) reported regular alcohol consumption while looking for clients, 27 (22%) said they smoked cocaine and 51 (42%) reported use of marijuana. Street-based CSWs were significantly more likely to report marijuana use (p = 0.033). 72% reported that they never used condoms with regular sex partners and 35% reported that they never used condoms with clients. Brothel-based women were significantly more likely to report consistent condom use with their clients (p = 0.05). 46% (54/118) tested HIV positive and 28% (33/118) had a positive serological test for syphilis. Factors that were significantly associated with HIV infection included a positive serological test for syphilis (OR = 7.56; 95% CI = 2.7-21.97; p < 0.01) and a history of having received treatment for syphilis (OR = 2.93; 95% CI = 1.12-7.8). Weak associations were also found between HIV infection and a history of cocaine use (OR = 2.57; 95% CI = 0.95-7.11; p = 0.039); having more than four clients per night (OR = 5.14; 95% CI = 1.65-16.74; p = 0.04); and a history of receiving treatment for salpingitis (OR = 2.31; 95% CI = .93-5.75; p = 0.0035). No statistically significant association was found between HIV infection and marijuana use nor any sociodemographic variables (age, place of work, and duration of sex work). There is an urgent need for a community based behavioural intervention programme targetting this high risk population.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Trabalho Sexual , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Sífilis/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/complicações , Preservativos , Intervalos de Confiança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Guiana , Soropositividade para HIV , Soroprevalência de HIV , Humanos , Fumar Maconha , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Salpingite/terapia , Parceiros Sexuais , Sífilis/terapia , Sorodiagnóstico da Sífilis , Fatores de Tempo , Local de TrabalhoAssuntos
Infecções por HIV/genética , HIV-1/genética , Adulto , DNA Viral/química , DNA Viral/genética , Feminino , Genes env/genética , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Repetição Terminal Longa de HIV/genética , HIV-1/classificação , Honduras/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , SorotipagemRESUMO
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 124 street- and brothel-based female commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Georgetown in January and February 1997 to determine the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and describe the sexual practices and drug use patterns. Their median age was 30 years (range 17 to 52 years). 119 (88) reported regular alcohol consumption while looking for clients, 27 (22) said they smoked cocaine and 51 (42) reported use of marijuana. Street-based CSWs were significantly more likely to report marijuana use (p = 0.033). 72reported that they never used condoms with regular sex partners and 35reported that they never used condoms with clients. Brothel-based women were significantly more likely to report consistent condom use with their clients (p = 0.05). 46(54/118) tested HIV positive and 28(33/118) had a positive serological test for syphilis. Factors that were significantly associated with HIV infection included a positive serological test for syphilis (OR = 7.56; 95CI = 2.7-21.97; p < 0.01) and a history of having received treatment for syphilis (OR = 2.93; 95CI = 1.12-7.8). Weak associations were also found between HIV infection and a history of cocaine use (OR = 2.57; 95CI = 0.95-7.11; p = 0.039); having more than four clients per night (OR = 5.14; 95CI = 1.65-16.74; p = 0.04); and a history of receiving treatment for salpingitis (OR = 2.31; 95CI = .93-5.75; p = 0.0035). No statistically significant association was found between HIV infection and marijuana use nor any sociodemographic variables (age, place of work, and duration of sex work). There is an urgent need for a community based behavioural intervention programme targetting this high risk population.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Trabalho Sexual , Sífilis/complicações , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Razão de Chances , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Etários , Fatores de Tempo , Guiana , Fumar Maconha , Intervalos de Confiança , Local de Trabalho , Parceiros Sexuais , Preservativos , Salpingite/terapia , Sorodiagnóstico da Sífilis , Soropositividade para HIV , Soroprevalência de HIV , Sífilis/terapia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/complicaçõesRESUMO
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 124 street-and brothel-based female commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Georgetown in January and February 1997 to determine the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and describe the sexual practices and drug use patterns. Their median age was 30 years (range 17 to 52 years). 119 (88 percent) reported regular alcohol consumption while looking for clients, 27 (22 percent) said they smoked cocaine and 51 (42 percent) reported use of marijuana. Street-based CSWs were significantly more likely to report marijuana use (p = 0.033). 72 percent reported that they never used condoms with regular sex partners and 35 percent reported that they never used condoms with clients. Brothel-based women were significantly more likely to report consistent condom use with their clients (p = 0.05). 46 percent (54/118) tested HIV positive and 28 percent (33/118) had a positive serological test for syphilis. Factors that were significantly associated with HIV infection included a positive serological test for syphilis (OR = 7.56; 95 percent CI = 2.7-21.97; p < 0.01) and a history of having received treatment for syphilis (OR = 2.93; 95 percent CI = 1.12-7.8). Weak associations were also found between HIV infection and a history of cocaine use (OR = 2.57; 95 percent CI = 0.95-7.11; p = 0.039); having more than four clients per night (OR = 5.14; 95 percent CI = 1.65-16.74; p = 0.04; and a history of receiving treatment for salpingitis (OR = 2.31; 95 percent CI = 0.93-5.75; p = 0.0035). No statistically significant association was found between HIV infection and marijuana use nor any sociodemographic variables (age, place of work, and duration of sex work). There is an urgent need for a community based behavioural intervention programme targetting this high risk population (AU)
Assuntos
Feminino , Adulto , Humanos , Adolescente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Trabalho Sexual , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Sífilis/complicações , Fatores Etários , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/complicações , Preservativos , Intervalos de Confiança , Estudos Transversais , Guiana , Soroprevalência de HIV , Soropositividade para HIV , Fumar Maconha , Razão de Chances , Salpingite/terapia , Parceiros Sexuais , Sífilis/terapia , Sorodiagnóstico da Sífilis , Fatores de Tempo , Local de TrabalhoRESUMO
The role of ulcerative STDs such as syphilis in facilitating the transmission and acquisition of HIV is well established. Non-ulcerative STDs such as gonorrhoea and Chlamydia infection are considered facilitators of HIV transmission. This study was designed to determine the types of non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases and associated risk factors among high-risk Jamaican men and women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted including 510 clients attending an STD clinic in Kingston. A standardised questionnaire was administered and microbiological investigations performed on urethral or cervical swab specimens obtained from each participant. All the subjects were symptomatic; 377 (74 percent) had genital discharge and 197 (39 percent) had dysuria with or without discharge. There were 309 cases of NGU; 115 cases of Candidiasis, 275 confirmed gonococcal infections and 226 cases of Trichomoniasis. Men were two times more likely to have gonococcal infection than women (69 percent vs. 50 percent; p<0.01). History of smoking marijuana was significantly associated with a positive test for gonorrhoea (69 percent vs. 52 percent; p<0.01). Forty one percent of women reported that their partners never used condoms (41 percent vs. 19 percent; p<0.01). Only nine men acknowledged consistent condom use. Those who were first time attendees at the STD clinic (n=263) were more likely to report never using condoms (38 percent vs. 27 percent; p<0.01). These data highlight the need for priority targetting in this high-risk group for counselling and health education in controlling, STD and HIV infection in Jamaica.(AU)