RESUMO
The effect on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels of a standard low fat, low cholesterol diet was compared with that of a soy protein-substituted low fat, low cholesterol diet in 23 children with familial or polygenic hypercholesterolemia: 12 boys and 11 girls (mean age, 9.3 +/- 4.5 years) were included in this outpatient program. Group 1 received the soy protein diet for 8 weeks; group 2 received the low fat, low cholesterol diet. After an interruption of 8 weeks, each group was placed on the alternate regimen. Fasting blood samples were collected at the beginning of each dietary period. During the soy protein diet, the levels of total cholesterol decreased by 16% in group 1 and 18% in group 2, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels decreased about 22% in group 1 and 25% in group 2. During the standard low fat, low cholesterol diet, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels were reduced by 8% and 7% in group 1 and by 12% and 13%, respectively, in group 2. The effect on LDL-C was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the soy protein group than in the low fat, low cholesterol group. We conclude that a diet substituting soy protein for animal protein has a more beneficial short-term effect on total cholesterol and LDL-C levels in children with hypercholesterolemia than a standard low fat diet.
Assuntos
Colesterol na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Hipercolesterolemia/dietoterapia , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/dietoterapia , Lipídeos/sangue , Lipoproteínas/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Jejum/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/sangue , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Masculino , Proteínas de Soja , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We describe an infant with three unusual features of perinatally acquired herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis: onset of illness at 34 days of age, absolute cerebrospinal fluid neutrophilia, and systemic viral dissemination after central nervous system disease. To provide early, effective antiviral therapy, clinicians should be aware of atypical presentations of serious herpes simplex virus infections.
Assuntos
Encefalite/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Herpes Simples/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Encefalite/sangue , Encefalite/patologia , Feminino , Herpes Simples/sangue , Herpes Simples/patologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Recém-Nascido , Contagem de Leucócitos , Neutrófilos , Simplexvirus/isolamento & purificaçãoAssuntos
Encefalopatias/patologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Herpes Simples/patologia , Biópsia , HumanosRESUMO
Natural killer cytotoxicity (NKC) is an important early defense mechanism in viral infections. We determined the ability of interleukin-2 (IL-2), an NKC stimulator, to enhance defective neonatal NKC to virus-infected cells. Human recombinant IL-2-stimulated adult and cord blood NKC to herpes simplex virus-infected cells in a time-dependent and dose-dependent fashion. The highest level of neonatal IL-2-stimulated cytotoxicity approached the level of unstimulated cytotoxicity when adult cells are used. Single-cell experiments suggested that the cord blood defect was due not to decreased adherence but to lysis or recycling defects. IL-2 stimulated adhesion in the presence of antibody but had no stimulatory effect on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The relative defects in IL-2 stimulation of neonatal NKC suggest that its lone use as a therapeutic or protective agent against herpes simplex virus infections is unlikely to be successful, and may require concomitant adult cells if NKC is a critical mechanism.
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido/imunologia , Interleucina-2/farmacologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos dos fármacos , Simplexvirus/imunologia , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologiaRESUMO
Twelve consecutive pediatric patients 1 day to 11 years of age with suspected herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis underwent brain biopsy. Five were proved to have HSV encephalitis; seven had subdural empyema, malignant glioma, enteroviral encephalitis, (one each), and presumed viral encephalitis, non-HSV (four). Neither epidemiologic, clinical, nor noninvasive laboratory tests were able to help differentiate the two groups of patients. The EEG was more sensitive than the CT scan in demonstrating focal lesions in early HSV encephalitis. In patients with HSV encephalitis, the mean time from hospital admission to appropriate antiviral chemotherapy was 3 days, and the outcome of HSV encephalitis was uniformly poor. In patients with febrile encephalitis-like syndromes with CSF pleocytosis, focal neurologic signs, or other localizing test results (EEG, CT), anticipatory antiviral chemotherapy and brain biopsy are the only hope to prevent the poor outcome associated with HSV encephalitis, to exclude other treatable conditions, and to avoid multiple types of unnecessary empiric therapies.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/patologia , Encefalite/patologia , Herpes Simples/patologia , Biópsia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Encefalite/etiologia , Feminino , Herpes Simples/complicações , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , MasculinoRESUMO
Oxidative metabolic activities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from cord blood of 15 full-term infants delivered by cesarean section without labor, five infants delivered by cesarean section with labor, and 15 infants delivered vaginally, as well as 35 healthy adult control subjects, were evaluated. The absolute polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts of cord blood from infants delivered vaginally and by cesarean section with labor were significantly higher when compared to cord blood APCs from infants delivered by cesarean section without labor and healthy adult control APCs. Zymosan-stimulated oxygen consumption, hexose monophosphate shunt activity, and quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction were significantly lower in cord blood PMNLs from infants delivered vaginally and by cesarean section with labor than in cord blood PMNLs from infants delivered by cesarean section without labor or control PMNLs. Metabolic activity of PMNLs from healthy adults and infants born by cesarean section without labor did not differ significantly. This study indicates that the function of PMNLs isolated from cord blood varies with the method of delivery. These observations may explain previous discrepancies in the literature as well as the propensity of certain neonates to infection.
Assuntos
Cesárea , Parto Obstétrico , Recém-Nascido , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Nitroazul de Tetrazólio/metabolismo , Oxirredução , Consumo de OxigênioRESUMO
Records of almost 174,000 consecutive births at six Brooklyn hospitals during the years 1968-1976 were reviewed for congenital neural tube defects. Prevalence of anencephaly, myelomeningocele and occipital encephalocele combined was significantly higher in infants delivered to mothers born in Puerto Rico than in offspring of non-Puerto Rican whites or blacks. The association of prevalence rates with ethnicity remained significant after adjustment for several variables. However, when adjustment was made for private or service status the difference between Puerto Ricans and whites, although still appreciable, was no longer statistically significant. No significant differences in prevalence rates between whites and blacks were observed. Sex ratios of affected infants were close to unity in each ethnic group. Statistically significant associations were found between the prevalence of neural tube defects and parity, gravidity and economic status. The patterns of these associations varied among the ethnic groups. A declining trend in the prevalence of myelomeningocele was observed for all ethnic groups.