RESUMO
We characterized 3 autochthonous dengue virus serotype 3 cases and 1 imported case from 2 states in the North and South Regions of Brazil, 15 years after Brazil's last outbreak involving this serotype. We also identified a new Asian lineage recently introduced into the Americas, raising concerns about future outbreaks.
Assuntos
Aedes , Vírus da Dengue , Dengue , Humanos , Animais , Dengue/epidemiologia , Vírus da Dengue/genética , Sorogrupo , Brasil/epidemiologia , Surtos de DoençasAssuntos
Colecistite/etiologia , Dengue/diagnóstico , Adulto , Colecistite/diagnóstico , Colecistite/cirurgia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas , Cuba , Dengue/complicações , Dengue/epidemiologia , Vírus da Dengue/genética , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Florida/epidemiologia , Honduras , Humanos , Testes de Função Hepática , RNA Viral/sangue , ViagemRESUMO
The Zika epidemic in the Americas has challenged surveillance and control. As the epidemic appears to be waning, it is unclear whether transmission is still ongoing, which is exacerbated by discrepancies in reporting. To uncover locations with lingering outbreaks, we investigated travel-associated Zika cases to identify transmission not captured by reporting. We uncovered an unreported outbreak in Cuba during 2017, a year after peak transmission in neighboring islands. By sequencing Zika virus, we show that the establishment of the virus was delayed by a year and that the ensuing outbreak was sparked by long-lived lineages of Zika virus from other Caribbean islands. Our data suggest that, although mosquito control in Cuba may initially have been effective at mitigating Zika virus transmission, such measures need to be maintained to be effective. Our study highlights how Zika virus may still be "silently" spreading and provides a framework for understanding outbreak dynamics. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Assuntos
Epidemias , Genômica/métodos , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Aedes/virologia , Animais , Cuba/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Controle de Mosquitos , Filogenia , RNA Viral/química , RNA Viral/metabolismo , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Viagem , Índias Ocidentais/epidemiologia , Zika virus/classificação , Zika virus/genética , Zika virus/isolamento & purificação , Infecção por Zika virus/transmissão , Infecção por Zika virus/virologiaRESUMO
Although the recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas and its link to birth defects have attracted a great deal of attention, much remains unknown about ZIKV disease epidemiology and ZIKV evolution, in part owing to a lack of genomic data. Here we address this gap in knowledge by using multiple sequencing approaches to generate 110 ZIKV genomes from clinical and mosquito samples from 10 countries and territories, greatly expanding the observed viral genetic diversity from this outbreak. We analysed the timing and patterns of introductions into distinct geographic regions; our phylogenetic evidence suggests rapid expansion of the outbreak in Brazil and multiple introductions of outbreak strains into Puerto Rico, Honduras, Colombia, other Caribbean islands, and the continental United States. We find that ZIKV circulated undetected in multiple regions for many months before the first locally transmitted cases were confirmed, highlighting the importance of surveillance of viral infections. We identify mutations with possible functional implications for ZIKV biology and pathogenesis, as well as those that might be relevant to the effectiveness of diagnostic tests.