RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pretreatment with oral P2Y12 inhibitors is a standard practice for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the efficacy and safety of P2Y12 inhibitors pretreatment remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the impact of P2Y12 inhibitor pretreatment on thrombotic and hemorrhagic endpoints in STEMI patients. METHODS: We searched multiple databases for studies that compared P2Y12 inhibitor pretreatment with no pretreatment in STEMI patients and reported endpoints of interest. Random effects model was used for the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Our meta-analysis included 3 randomized controlled trials and 14 observational studies, comprising 70,465 patients assigned to either P2Y12 inhibitor pretreatment (50,328 patients) or no pretreatment (20,137 patients). Compared to no pretreatment, P2Y12 inhibitor pretreatment did not result in significant reductions in all-cause mortality (risk ratio [RR] 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52-1.03; p = 0.07), myocardial infarction (RR 0.75; 95% CI: 0.53-1.07; p = 0.11), or major bleeding (RR 0.80; 95% CI: 0.56-1.16; p = 0.22) at 30 days. However, our subgroup analysis revealed that P2Y12 inhibitor pretreatment administered in the pre-hospital setting was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of myocardial infarction compared to no pretreatment (RR 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56-0.91; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our analysis suggests that pretreatment with oral P2Y12 inhibitors before PCI in patients with STEMI was not associated with reduced all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, or major bleeding. However, pretreatment with P2Y12 inhibitors in the pre-hospital setting appears to be beneficial in reducing reinfarction.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introdução: Com o envelhecimento populacional brasileiro, esperase que a incidência de doenças cardiovasculares, como a estenose e insuficiência da válvula aórtica, eleve-se. Desde 2002, o implante valvar aórtico transcateter demonstrou-se método de alta eficácia no seu tratamento. No entanto, o procedimento está sujeito ao regurgitamento paravalvar. Objetivo: Avaliar quantitativamente a prevalência dessa regurgitação em pacientes submetidos ao Implante valvar aórtico transcateter. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, retrospectivo que analisou 38 casos de Implante valvar aórtico transcateter. Os dados foram coletados dos prontuários, que incluíram informações antropométricas, comorbidades e procedimentos prévios à operação, e analisou-se a presença de refluxo paravalvar no 1° mês e 1° ano pós-Implante valvar aórtico transcateter. Resultados: A idade média foi de 74 ±11,2 anos; 15 pacientes dos analisados, possuíam classificação NYHA igual a III, e 1 NYHA IV, previamente à operação. Do total, 36,32% (n=8) tinham refluxo paravalvar no 1° mês e 1º. ano após o procedimento cirúrgico. Conclusão: A prevalência de refluxo paravalvar pós-operatório em pacientes submetidos ao Implante valvar aórtico transcateter, foi igual a 36,3% tanto para a avaliação realizada no 1° mês quanto no 1° ano.

Introduction: With the aging of the Brazilian population, it is expected that the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, such as stenosis and insufficiency of the aortic valve, will increase. Since 2002, transcatheter aortic valve implantation has proved to be a highly effective method of treatment. However, the procedure is subject to paravalvular regurgitation. Objective: To quantitatively assess the prevalence of paravalvular regurgitation in patients undergoing Transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study that analyzed 38 Transcatheter aortic valve implantation cases. Data were collected from medical records, which included anthropometric information, comorbidities and procedures prior to the operation, and the presence of paravalvular regurgitation in the 1st month and 1st year after Transcatheter aortic valve implantation was analyzed. Results: Mean age was 74 ±11.2 years; 15 of the analyzed patients had NYHA classification equal to III, and 1 NYHA IV, prior to the operation. Of the total, 36.32% (n=8) of the patients had paravalvular regurgitation in the 1st and 1st month. year after the surgical procedure. Conclusion: The prevalence of postoperative paravalvular regurgitation in patients undergoing Transcatheter aortic valve implantation was equal to 36.3% both for the assessment carried out in the 1st month and in the 1st year

Assuntos

RESUMO

Primary cardiac tumors are rare, with an incidence between 0.0017 and 0.19%, and are asymptomatic in up to 72% of cases. Approximately 75% of tumors are benign, and nearly 50% of these are myxomas. Concerning location, 75% of myxomas are in the left atrium, 15 to 20% in the right atrium, and more rarely in the ventricles. The finding of cardiac myxomas usually implies immediate surgical excision to prevent embolic events and sudden cardiac death. Reports with documented growth rate are rare, and the actual growth rate remains a controversial issue. We report the rapid growth rate of a right atrial myxoma in an oligosymptomatic 69-year-old patient, with negative previous echocardiographic history in the last two years, who refused surgery upon diagnosis, enabling monitoring of myxoma growth.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Primary cardiac tumors are rare, with an incidence between 0.0017 and 0.19%, and are asymptomatic in up to 72% of cases. Approximately 75% of tumors are benign, and nearly 50% of these are myxomas. Concerning location, 75% of myxomas are in the left atrium, 15 to 20% in the right atrium, and more rarely in the ventricles. The finding of cardiac myxomas usually implies immediate surgical excision to prevent embolic events and sudden cardiac death. Reports with documented growth rate are rare, and the actual growth rate remains a controversial issue. We report the rapid growth rate of a right atrial myxoma in an oligosymptomatic 69-year-old patient, with negative previous echocardiographic history in the last two years, who refused surgery upon diagnosis, enabling monitoring of myxoma growth.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Heart dysfunction and liver disease often coexist. Among the types of cardiohepatic syndrome, Type 2 is characterized by the chronic impairment of cardiac function, leading to chronic liver injury, referred to as congestive hepatopathy (CH). In this study, we aimed to establish a rat model of CH secondary to right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) related to monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Three experimental groups were submitted to intraperitoneal MCT inoculation (60 mg/kg) and were under its effect for 15, 30 and 37 days. The animals were then sacrificed, obtaining cardiac and hepatic tissues for anatomopathological and morphometric analysis. At macroscopic examination, the livers in the MCT groups presented a nutmeg-like appearance. PAH produced marked RVH and dilatation in the MCT groups, characterized by a significant increase in right ventricular free wall thickness (RVFWT) and chamber area. At histological evaluation, centrilobular congestion was the earliest manifestation, with preservation of the hepatocytes. Centrilobular hemorrhagic necrosis was observed in the groups exposed to prolonged MCT. Sinusoidal dilatation was markedly increased in the MCT groups, quantified by the Sinusoidal Lumen Ratio (SLR). The Congestive Hepatic Fibrosis Score and the Centrilobular Fibrosis Ratio (CFR) were also significantly increased in the MCT30 group. Hepatic atrophy, steatosis, apoptotic bodies and, rarely, hydropic swelling were also observed. SLR correlated strongly with CFR and RVFWT, and CFR correlated moderately with RVFWT. Our rat model was able to cause CH, related to monocrotaline-induced PAH and RVH; it was feasible, reproducible, and safe.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Heart dysfunction and liver disease often coexist because of systemic disorders. Any cause of right ventricular failure may precipitate hepatic congestion and fibrosis. Digital image technologies have been introduced to pathology diagnosis, allowing an objective quantitative assessment. The quantification of fibrous tissue in liver biopsy sections is extremely important in the classification, diagnosis and grading of chronic liver disease. AIM: To create a semi-automatic computerized protocol to quantify any amount of centrilobular fibrosis and sinusoidal dilatation in liver Masson's Trichrome-stained specimen. METHOD: Once fibrosis had been established, liver samples were collected, histologically processed, stained with Masson's trichrome, and whole-slide images were captured with an appropriated digital pathology slide scanner. After, a random selection of the regions of interest (ROI's) was conducted. The data were subjected to software-assisted image analysis (ImageJ®). RESULTS: The analysis of 250 ROI's allowed to empirically obtain the best application settings to identify the centrilobular fibrosis (CF) and sinusoidal lumen (SL). After the establishment of the colour threshold application settings, an in-house Macro was recorded to set the measurements (fraction area and total area) and calculate the CF and SL ratios by an automatic batch processing. CONCLUSION: Was possible to create a more detailed method that identifies and quantifies the area occupied by fibrous tissue and sinusoidal lumen in Masson's trichrome-stained livers specimens.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Na tentativa de controle de transmissão da COVID-19, os órgãos de saúde recomendaram isolamento domiciliar, distanciamento social e suspensão de serviços hospitalares não urgentes. Grande parte da população relutou em buscar atendimento médico. A hipótese levantada é que houve redução na incidência de internamentos e aumento na mortalidade por infarto agudo do miocárdio durante a pandemia. Este estudo procurou comparar e analisar a incidência dos internamentos e mortalidade por infarto agudo do miocárdio em cinco cidades brasileiras durante a pandemia (2020/2021) com um mesmo período (2019/2020) sem pandemia. É estudo ecológico no qual foram analisados registros comparativos da incidência de internamentos e mortalidade por infarto nas cinco capitais brasileiras. Em conclusão, houve decréscimo na incidência de internamentos durante a pandemia em todas as capitais analisadas, exceto Campo Grande, e redução na mortalidade por infarto agudo do miocárdio em todas as capitais.

In an attempt to control the transmission of COVID-19, health state agency recommended home isolation, social distancing and suspension of non-urgent hospital services. Much of the population was reluctant to seek medical attention. The hypothesis raised is that there was a reduction in the incidence of hospitalizations and an increase in mortality from acute myocardial infarction during the pandemic. This study sought to compare and analyze the incidence of hospitalizations and mortality from acute myocardial infarction in five Brazilian cities during the pandemic (2020/2021) with the same period (2019/2020) without. It is an ecological study in which comparative records of the incidence of hospitalizations and mortality from infarction in the five Brazilian capitals were analyzed. In conclusion, there was a decrease in the incidence of hospitalizations during the pandemic in all capitals analyzed, except Campo Grande, and a reduction in mortality from acute myocardial infarction in all capitals.

RESUMO

Monocrotalina, alcalóide tóxico obtido de plantas do gênero crotalaria, pode ter potencial efeito tóxico em órgãos do corpo humano, como rins, pulmões, coração, fígado e outros efeitos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o dano renal causado pela exposição à monocrotalina. Trata-se de estudo experimental em ratos divididos em 4 grupos, um dos quais recebeu injeção de soro fisiológico e os outros três inoculação de monocrotalina, com tempos diferentes para sacrifício; subsequentemente, estudo histológico foi feito a fim de evidenciar as lesões renais. Em conclusão, constatou-se que houve lesão renal. Contudo, não foi possível afirmar o mecanismo exato responsável por elas, ou seja, se foram decorrentes da ação tóxica direta da monocrotalina, ou se, também, esteve relacionado a outros fatores sistêmicos.

Monocrotaline, a toxic alkaloid obtained from plants of the Crotalaria genus, may have a potential toxic effect on human body organs, such as kidneys, lungs, heart, liver and other effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the kidney damage caused by exposure to monocrotaline. This is an experimental study in rats divided into 4 groups, one of which received saline injection and the other three received monocrotaline inoculation, with different times for sacrifice; subsequently, a histological study was performed in order to evidence renal lesions. In conclusion, it was found that there was kidney damage. However, it was not possible to state the exact mechanism responsible for them, that is, if they were due to the direct toxic action of monocrotaline, or if it was also related to other systemic factors.

RESUMO

Responsáveis por 89% de lesões neurológicas, as fraturas de coluna vertebral torácica e lombar, quando analisadas perante os fatores de risco para déficit neurológico, apresentam associação controversa. Apesar da relação contestável, estudos apontam que as características morfológicas dessas lesões estão associadas ao grau de déficit neurológico e funcionam como guia para a estratégia terapêutica. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar quais os fatores de risco para déficit neurológico nas fraturas da coluna vertebral torácica e lombar. É estudo transversal, observacional e individuado, no qual foram analisados 150 pacientes. Em conclusão, demonstrou-se que os subtipos de fratura A são fatores de risco para déficit neurológico e determinantes da conduta terapêutica aplicada. Além disso, indicou relação entre a classificação do déficit neurológico e energia do trauma com a necessidade de tratamento invasivo.

Responsible for 89% of neurological injuries, fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine, when analyzed in terms of risk factors for neurological deficit, present a controversial association. Despite the debatable relationship, studies indicate that the morphological characteristics of these lesions are associated with the degree of neurological deficit and function as a guide for the therapeutic strategy. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for neurological deficit in thoracic and lumbar spine fractures. It is a cross-sectional, observational and individualized study, in which 150 patients were analyzed. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that fracture subtypes A are risk factors for neurological deficit and determinants of the therapeutic approach applied. In addition, it indicated a relationship between the classification of neurological deficit and trauma energy with the need for invasive treatment.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Background: Heart dysfunction and liver disease often coexist because of systemic disorders. Any cause of right ventricular failure may precipitate hepatic congestion and fibrosis. Digital image technologies have been introduced to pathology diagnosis, allowing an objective quantitative assessment. The quantification of fibrous tissue in liver biopsy sections is extremely important in the classification, diagnosis and grading of chronic liver disease. Aim: To create a semi-automatic computerized protocol to quantify any amount of centrilobular fibrosis and sinusoidal dilatation in liver Masson's Trichrome-stained specimen. Method: Once fibrosis had been established, liver samples were collected, histologically processed, stained with Masson's trichrome, and whole-slide images were captured with an appropriated digital pathology slide scanner. After, a random selection of the regions of interest (ROI's) was conducted. The data were subjected to software-assisted image analysis (ImageJ®). Results: The analysis of 250 ROI's allowed to empirically obtain the best application settings to identify the centrilobular fibrosis (CF) and sinusoidal lumen (SL). After the establishment of the colour threshold application settings, an in-house Macro was recorded to set the measurements (fraction area and total area) and calculate the CF and SL ratios by an automatic batch processing. Conclusion: Was possible to create a more detailed method that identifies and quantifies the area occupied by fibrous tissue and sinusoidal lumen in Masson's trichrome-stained livers specimens.

Resumo Racional: Tecnologias de imagem digital têm sido introduzidas ao diagnóstico patológico, permitindo avaliações quantitativas objetivas. A quantificação de tecido fibroso em biópsias de fígado é extremamente importante para a classificação, diagnóstico e graduação de doenças crônicas hepáticas. Objetivo: Criar um protocolo computadorizado semi-automático para quantificação de fibrose centrolobular e dilatação sinusoidal em amostras de fígado coradas por Tricrômico de Masson. Método: Uma vez instaurada a fibrose, amostras de fígado foram coletadas, processadas histologicamente, coradas por Tricrômico de Masson e WSI (Whole Slide Images) foram capturadas por scanner digital patológico apropriado. Uma seleção aleatória das regiões de interesse (ROI) foi realizada. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise de imagem assistida por software (ImageJ®). Resultados: A análise de 250 ROIs permitiu obter-se empiricamente as melhores configurações capazes de identificar fibrose centrolobular (FC) e lúmen sinusoidal (LS). Após o estabelecimento das configurações de padrão de cor, uma Macro de autoria própria foi gravada para definir as medidas (área da fração e área total) e calcular as razões de FC e LS por processamento em grupo/lote (batch mode). Conclusão: Foi possível criar um método detalhado capaz de identificar e quantificar a área ocupada por tecido fibroso e lúmen sinusoidal em espécimes de fígado coradas por Tricrômico de Masson.

Assuntos