RESUMO

HYPOTHESIS: Replacing a 24-hour regimen with a 1-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for elective surgery would not increase rates of surgical site infection and would decrease costs. DESIGN AND SETTING: Before-after trial in a tertiary, private general hospital in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. PATIENTS: Surgery was performed on 6140 consecutive patients from February 2002 through October 2002 (period 1) and 6159 consecutive patients from December 2002 through August 2003 (period 2). Studied surgeries included orthopedic, gastrointestinal, urology, vascular, lung, head and neck, heart, gynecologic, oncology, colon, neurologic, and pediatric surgeries. The study excluded patients with infection at the time of surgery. INTERVENTION: Decreasing the 24-hour prophylactic antibiotic regimen to 1-dose antibiotic prophylaxis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgical site infections in both periods measured by in-hospital surveillance and postdischarge surveillance; compliance with 1-dose prophylaxis; and costs with cephazolin. RESULTS: We followed up 12,299 patients during their hospital stay; postdischarge surveillance increased significantly from 2717 patients (44%) to 3066 patients (50%, P<.001). One-dose prophylaxis was correctly followed in 6123 patients (99% compliance). The rate of surgical site infection did not change in either period (2% and 2.1% respectively, P = .67). The number of cephazolin vials purchased monthly decreased from 1259 to 467 with a corresponding monthly savings of $1980. CONCLUSIONS: One-dose antibiotic prophylaxis did not lead to an increase in rates of surgical site infection and brought a monthly savings of $1980 considering cephazolin alone. High compliance to 1-dose prophylaxis was achieved through an educational intervention encouraged by the hospital director and administrative measures that reduced access to extra doses.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This analytical and descriptive study is aimed at detecting concepts that translate myths and truths on hospital infection among nursing auxiliaries and technicians at the surgical centers of three hospitals. The data collection instrument consisted of 28 affirmative statements (15 true and 13 false) encompassing factors related to the patient, the surgical team, the environment, and procedures. The statements contain a three-point scale (I agree, I am in doubt, I disagree). We received 72% of adequate answers and 28% of non-adequate, which indicates that perioperative nursing professionals have satisfactory knowledge of hospital infection control. In the items use of safety footwear, rings and other objects, hair as a pathogen, hand scrubbing, use of humid gown and surgical area, infected surgery and cleaning routine, occupational diseases, hospital infection, surgical site infection and surgery time we were able to detect myths and rituals about infection control, which are mainly related to the culture of those who practice them, thus perpetuating resistance to change.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este estudo analítico descritivo objetivou detectar conceitos que traduzem mitos e verdades relativos à infecção hospitalar entre auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem no centro cirúrgico de três hospitais. O instrumento para coleta de dados possui 28 afirmações (15 verdadeiras e 13 falsas) contemplando fatores relacionados ao paciente, equipe cirúrgica, ambiente, procedimentos. As afirmações contêm escala em três pontos (concordo, tenho dúvida, discordo). Obtivemos respostas adequadas em 72% e não adequadas em 28%, indicando o satisfatório conhecimento da enfermagem perioperatória relacionadas ao controle infecção hospitalar . Nos itens uso de propé, alianças e outros objetos, pêlo como patógeno, escovação das mãos, uso de avental e campo cirúrgico umedecidos, cirurgia infectada e rotina de limpeza, doenças ocupacionais, infecção hospitalar, infecção sítio cirúrgico e tempo operatório, pudemos detectar mitos e rituais referentes ao controle de infecção, que estão relacionados sobretudo à cultura de quem os praticam, perpetuando resistência a mudanças.

This analytical and descriptive study is aimed at detecting concepts that translate myths and truths on hospital infection among nursing auxiliaries and technicians at the surgical centers of three hospitals. The data collection instrument consisted of 28 affirmativestatements (15 true and 13 false)encompassing factors related to the patient, the surgical team, the environment, and procedures. The statements contain a three-point scale (I agree, I am in doubt, I disagree). We received 72% of adequate answers and28% of non-adequate, which indicates that perioperative nursing professionals have satisfactory knowledge of hospitalinfection control. In the items use of safety footwear, rings and other objects, hair as a pathogen, hand scrubbing, use of humid gown and surgical area, infected surgery and cleaning routine, occupational diseases, hospital infection,surgical site infection and surgery time we were able to detect myths and rituals about infection control, which are mainly related to the culture of those who ractice them, thus perpetuating resistance to change.

Este estudio analítico descriptivo tuvo como objetivo detectar conceptos que traduzcan mitos y verdades relativas a la infección hospitalaria entre auxiliares y técnicos de enfermería en el centro quirúrgico de tres hospitales. El instrumento de recolección de datos contenía 28 afirmaciones (15 verdaderas y 13 falsas) que contemplaba factores relacionados al paciente, equipo quirúrgico, ambiente,procedimientos. Las afirmaciones contienen escala en tres puntos concuerdo, tengo duda, desacuerdo). Obtuvimos respuestas adecuadas en el 72% y no adecuadas en el 28%, indicando el conocimiento satisfactorio de la enfermería perioperatoria relacionadas al control de la infección hospitalaria. En los items uso de botas quirúrgicas, anillos y otros objetos, pelo como patógeno, cepillado de las manos,uso del mandil y campo quirúrgico humedecidos, cirugía infectada y rutina de limpieza, enfermedades ocupacionales, infección hospitalaria, infección del área quirúrgica y tiempo operatorio, pudimos detectar mitos y rituales referentes al control de infección, que están relacionados sobre todo a la cultura de quienes los practican, perpetuando resistencia a los cambios.

Assuntos