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The higher prevalence rates of depression in visually-impaired individuals than the general population indicates that the condition per se increases the risk of depression. A person that is aware of the progressive loss of visual acuteness may have feelings of insecurity, anxiety, loss of independence and changes in social functioning, leading to depression. Several studies assessing the association between depressive symptoms and severity of vision loss have yielded inconsistent results. Some do not show any association, whereas others reported that depression severity is higher in those with substantial vision loss. The general aim of this manuscript was to determine the prevalence of depression in patients diagnosed with legal blindness in the Eye Care Service at the Hospital Córdoba between June 2016 and June 2017. The study sample consisted of 41 patients. The level of depression was assessed using the Zung scale and the degree of dependence in daily life activities was defined using the Barthel index. Data was anonymized for inclusion in a computer database and statistical confidentiality was protected. Data was analyzed using InfoStat statistical software. The results revealed a relation between legal blindness, degrees of dependency and depressive symptoms in patients of the Eye Care Service of the Hospital Córdoba. It is very important for health professionals to be trained to detect early signs and symptoms of depression and have the necessary tools for such an approach.
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PURPOSE: Corneal crosslinking by UV light (UV-CXL) has become a popular treatment for keratoconus and corneal ectasia. Fluoroquinolones (FQs), commonly administered topically before UV-CXL, are known to be phototoxic to the skin and lens. The purpose of this study was to investigate phototoxic effects of topical FQ treatment on murine corneas before UV-CXL, in which the corneal epithelium was kept intact. METHODS: Murine corneas were treated with various antibiotics with or without riboflavin before UV-CXL. At 24 h, the animals were sacrificed, and the corneas were analyzed for histologic evidence of inflammation and apoptosis and for expression of apoptosis markers BAX and caspases 3 and 9 and for expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). Spectrofluorometric analysis was performed. RESULTS: Corneas treated with topical FQ with or without riboflavin before UV-CXL showed mild corneal stromal inflammation, apoptosis by both terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and increased expression of BAX gene and caspases 3 and 9 by densitometric analysis. Untreated corneas, corneas treated with azithromycin before UV-CXL, and corneas undergoing UV-CXL without any antibiotic or riboflavin pretreatment showed normal histology, no staining for apoptosis, and no increased production of apoptosis markers by polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS: The phototoxic effects of FQs on the cornea may lead surgeons to consider another antibiotic class for prophylaxis against infectious keratitis in UV-CXL. These effects, along with the known cytotoxic effects of FQs independent of UV radiation, may contribute to some of the complications of corneal UV-CXL. Dosage studies may be warranted.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Córnea/efeitos dos fármacos , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas/farmacologia , Fluoroquinolonas/toxicidade , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/toxicidade , Riboflavina/farmacologia , Administração Tópica , Animais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Córnea/patologia , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas/administração & dosagem , Fluoroquinolonas/administração & dosagem , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/patologia , Camundongos , Modelos Animais , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/administração & dosagem , Riboflavina/administração & dosagem , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
A 52-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of multiple bilateral apocrine hidrocystomas of the eyelids. For the past 3 years, the patient had developed a mechanical ectropion of the right inferior eyelid secondary to progressive enlargement of the lesions. Different therapeutic options were discussed with the patient. Surgical excision of all lesions was performed under local anesthesia. There was no recurrence after 15 months of follow-up.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Palpebrais/patologia , Hidrocistoma/patologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Sudoríparas/patologia , Blefaroplastia , Neoplasias Palpebrais/cirurgia , Hidrocistoma/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/cirurgia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Sudoríparas/cirurgiaAssuntos
Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Alocação de Recursos para a Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/fisiologia , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Oftalmologia , Alocação de Recursos/organização & administração , Argentina , Hospitais Públicos , Humanos , Triagem , Recursos HumanosRESUMO
Purpose. To describe the presence of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a cationic peptide with antimicrobial and antiprotease activity in the innate immune reaction in a rat model of Staphylococcus aureus keratitis. Methods. Forty female Lewis rats were divided into 2 groups: the infectious keratitis and the epithelial defect groups. Eyes were processed for immunohistochemical studies for SLPI, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and matrix metalloproteinase-8. Results. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed high levels of SLPI, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MMP-8 expression in eyes with S. aureus keratitis and with epithelial defects, in contrast to undetectable SLPI expression in the normal control corneas. Conclusions. To our knowledge, this paper is the first to demonstrate the presence of SLPI with increased amounts of proinflammatory cytokines in inflamed and infected corneas.
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We report a case of acute rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery in a highly myopic patient. Fourteen hours postoperatively, the uncorrected visual acuity was counting fingers in the left eye. Slitlamp examination revealed significant anterior chamber reaction with fibrin-like material. Fundus examination revealed 2 inferior retinal horseshoe tears associated with an RD. Preoperative fundus examination with scleral depression may detect predisposing retinal lesions in highly myopic patients. Further study is required to evaluate the relationship between LASIK, acute postoperative RRD, and predisposing factors.
Assuntos
Ceratomileuse Assistida por Excimer Laser In Situ/efeitos adversos , Descolamento Retiniano/etiologia , Doença Aguda , Córnea/diagnóstico por imagem , Córnea/cirurgia , Crioterapia , Angiofluoresceinografia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miopia/cirurgia , Descolamento Retiniano/diagnóstico , Descolamento Retiniano/cirurgia , Perfurações Retinianas/diagnóstico , Perfurações Retinianas/etiologia , Perfurações Retinianas/cirurgia , Recurvamento da Esclera , Ultrassonografia , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe the presence of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a cationic peptide with antimicrobial and antiprotease activity, in the innate ocular immune reaction in a rat model of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. METHODS: Seventy-five female Lewis rats were divided into three groups: the endophthalmitis group received an intravitreal injection of 65 colony-forming units of viable S. aureus, the vehicle-injected group received balanced sterile saline solution (BSS), and the control group was not injected. Eyes were enucleated at 24 and 48 hours and processed for immunohistochemical staining and Western blot studies for SLPI. RESULTS: In S. aureus endophthalmitis eyes, there was strong immunostaining for SLPI in the retina and vitreous with associated neutrophilic infiltrates. At 48 hours, corneas also stained for SLPI. Western blots confirmed increased SLPI expression in all infected eyes. By immunohistochemical assays, SLPI was absent in the BSS and control eyes. The causative pathogen was identified in all samples from the endophthalmitis group by traditional culture methods. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this report is the first to demonstrate the presence of SLPI in the inflamed cornea, vitreous, and retina tissues of rat eyes with S. aureus endophthalmitis, suggesting that SLPI has an active role in the innate immunity of the eye. Release of SLPI by inflammatory cells in the anterior and posterior segments may contribute to the host defense response against infectious endophthalmitis.