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We report the draft genome sequence of three marine bacteria belonging to Pseudomonas and Stutzerimonas genera, with hydrocarbonoclastic metabolism for oil and monoaromatic hydrocarbon degradation. The genomic information of these organisms contributes to the knowledge of natural and polluted marine environments with ubiquitous presence of hydrocarbons as a selective pressure.
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Coffee pulp is a by-product of the coffee industry. Due to conventional management techniques, it represents a severe environmental problem due to its negative impact on the soil (anaerobic fermentation and pH changes), water sources (the infiltration of pollutants into streams, acidification of water sources, and modification of microorganisms), and biodiversity (soil microbiology, fish, crustaceans, and other vertebrates). Therefore, it is essential to develop protocols for the treatment of this waste so that it can be used again in other productive activities under the circular economy approach. This means that all the waste from a production process can be reused, can generate value for the benefit of the producer, and, in turn, mitigate the environmental impact. The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of 5 levels of wheat bran (WB) with extruded coffee pulp flour (ECPF) as an alternative to a conventional fiber source in broiler finisher diets. A total of 300 Cobb 500 chickens in the finishing phase were assessed in the study, grouped in 5 treatments: T1, a conventional diet or control treatment (100% WB and 0% ECPF), T2 (75% WB and 25% ECPF), T3 (50% WB and 50% ECPF), T4 (25% WB and 75% ECPF), and T5 (0% WB and 100% ECPF). Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and intestinal morphometry (villus length: VL, villus width: VW, crypt depth: CD, villus height/crypt depth ratio: V/C, and villus surface area: VSA) were evaluated at the level of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Feed intake decreased correspondingly as the ECPF in the diet was increased, with statistical differences (p < 0.01) between their averages; the most significant weight gain (834.61 g) was evidenced with the T2 treatment, this being statistically different (p < 0.01) from T4 and T5; similarly, the best FCR (1.58) was evidenced with the T2 treatment, followed by the control treatment T1 (with 1.64); however, they were not statistically different (p > 0.05). All treatment results were similar to the VL control samples in the three intestinal portions, except for the T5 in the jejunum, which showed statistical differences from the control. In VW, the treatment results were similar to the control samples of the jejunum and ileum; however, in the duodenum, the T5 results showed the highest value (172.18 µm), being statistically different (p < 0.05) from the other treatments being evaluated. For CD, it was only in the duodenum that the T2 and T3 treatments were similar to the control. Likewise, for V/C in the duodenum, only the T2 results were similar to the control. There was no significant difference in the VSA among the different treatment groups. T2 showed better production parameters without altering the intestinal villi. In conclusion, ECPF is a potential input for use to replace up to 25% of WB in the feed of broilers in the finishing phase.
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Introducción. La duplicación del colédoco es una anomalía congénita poco frecuente. En la mayoría de los casos este defecto se asocia a cálculos en la vía biliar, unión pancreatobiliar anómala, pancreatitis, cáncer gástrico o colangiocarcinoma. Por esta razón, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento temprano son importantes para evitar las complicaciones descritas a futuro. Métodos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 30 años, con antecedente de pancreatitis aguda, con cuadro de dolor abdominal crónico, a quien se le realizaron varios estudios imagenológicos sin claro diagnóstico. Fue llevada a manejo quirúrgico en donde se documentó duplicación del colédoco tipo II con unión pancreatobiliar anómala. Resultados. Se hizo reconstrucción de las vías biliares y hepatico-yeyunostomía, con adecuada evolución postoperatoria y reporte final de patología sin evidencia de tumor. Conclusión. El diagnóstico se hace mediante ecografía endoscópica biliopancreática, colangiorresonancia o colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica. El tratamiento depende de si está asociado o no a la presencia de unión biliopancreática anómala o cáncer. Si el paciente no presenta patología neoplásica, el tratamiento quirúrgico recomendado es la resección del conducto con reconstrucción de las vías biliares.
Introduction. Double common bile duct is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. This anomaly may be associated with bile duct stones, anomalous biliopancreatic junction, pancreatitis, bile duct cancer, or gastric cancers. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment is important to avoid complications. Clinical case. We report a rare case of double common bile duct associated with an anomalous biliopancreatic junction in a 30-year-old female, with prior history of acute pancreatitis, who presented with chronic abdominal pain. She underwent several imaging studies, without clear diagnosis. She was taken to surgical management where duplication of the type II common bile duct was documented with anomalous pancreatobiliary junction. Results. Reconstruction of the bile ducts and hepatico-jejunostomy were performed, with adequate postoperative evolution and final pathology report without evidence of tumor. Conclusion. Diagnosis is usually performed by an endoscopic ultrasound, magnetic resonance cholangiopancrea-tography, or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Treatment depends on the presence of anomalus biliopancreatic junction or concomitant cancer. In cases without associated malignancy, resection of bile duct and biliary reconstruction is the recommended surgical treatment.
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Humanos , Anormalidades Congênitas , Anastomose em-Y de Roux , Doenças do Ducto Colédoco , Colangiografia , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Ducto ColédocoRESUMO
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of vaccinating children against SARS-CoV-2 was rapidly established. This study describes the safety of CoronaVac® in children and adolescents between 3- and 17-years-old in a multicenter study in Chile with two vaccine doses in a 4-week interval. For all participants, immediate adverse events (AEs), serious AEs (SAEs), and AEs of special interest (AESIs) were registered throughout the study. In the safety subgroup, AEs were recorded 28 days after each dose. COVID-19 surveillance was performed throughout the study. A total of 1139 individuals received the first and 1102 the second dose of CoronaVac®; 835 were in the safety subgroup. The first dose showed the highest number of AEs: up to 22.2% of participants reported any local and 17.1% systemic AE. AEs were more frequent in adolescents after the first dose, were transient, and mainly mild. Pain at the inoculation site was the most frequent AE for all ages. Fever was the most frequent systemic AE for 3-5 years old and headache in 6-17 years old. No SAEs or AESIs related to vaccination occurred. Most of the COVID-19 cases were mild and managed as outpatients. CoronaVac® was safe and well tolerated in children and adolescents, with different safety patterns according to age.
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Nebivolol could prevent dysfunction in patients suffering myocardial ischemia. However, influence of hyperthyroidism is not known. Consequences and mechanisms of nebivolol treatment were investigated in isolated hearts from euthyroid (EuT) and hyperthyroid (HpT) rats. Rats were orally treated during 1 week with 20 mg/kg/day nebivolol (O-Neb), 30 mg/kg/day atenolol (O-Ate), or not treated (C). Isolated perfused hearts were exposed to global ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) inside a flow calorimeter. Left diastolic ventricular pressure, developed contractile pressure (P), and total heat rate (Ht) were continuously measured, while infarct size was measured after 2-h R. EuT-C and HpT-C hearts developed similarly low post-ischemic contractile recovery and economy (P/Ht). Nebivolol totally prevented dysfunction and reduced infarction size in EuT hearts, but partially improved recovery in HpT rat hearts. Contrarily, oral atenolol totally prevented dysfunction in HpT hearts but partially in EuT hearts. Nebivolol effects were reversed by perfusing L-NAME in both conditions, but partially reduced by aminoguanidine in HpT. However, L-NAME increased P and P/Ht recoveries in EuT-C and HpT-C rat hearts, as well as melatonin. Oral nebivolol prevented post-ischemic dysfunction and infarction in EuT hearts due to adrenergic ß1 blockade and activation of iNOS and/or eNOS, but the effect was attenuated in HpT hearts by excessive iNOS-dependent nitrosative pathways.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La introducción progresiva de vacunas contra SARS-CoV-2 a partir de 2021, priorizando grupos de mayor edad, podría implicar un cambio en el perfil de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en el tiempo. OBJETIVO: Comparar las características y evolución de pacientes adultos hospitalizados por COVID-19 en un período anterior en 2020 (PER1) y otro posterior al inicio de la vacunación masiva contra SARS-CoV-2 (PER2). PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se registró edad, género, comorbilidades, complicaciones y evolución de los pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en una clínica privada, en Santiago, Chile. Se calculó el puntaje de gravedad y riesgo nutricional. RESULTADOS: En PER2, los pacientes fueron de menor edad, pero con comorbilidades similares al PER1, excepto por mayor malnutrición por exceso. Los pacientes del PER2 no vacunados requirieron más ventilación mecánica (38,9 vs. 14,3%, p = 0,03) y evolucionaron más gravemente (puntaje 6) que aquellos adecuadamente inmunizados (puntaje 5, p = 0,048). Las variables que más predijeron mortalidad fueron edad > 60 años (OR 28.995) y presencia de riesgo nutricional (OR 5.246). DISCUSIÓN: El cambio en el perfil y evolución de los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 está asociado con la secuencia de priorización de vacunas contra SARS-CoV-2, cuyo efecto redujo las hospitalizaciones y gravedad de COVID-19 en adultos mayores.
BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the early prioritization of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for older adults may have affected the characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients over time. AIM: To compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of adult patients admitted for COVID-19 before (PER1) and after (PER2) the initiation of mass vaccination for SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: Data on age, gender, comorbidities, complications, and outcomes of adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a private clinic of Santiago, Chile, were collected. Scores for COVID-19 severity and nutritional risk were calculated. RESULTS: In PER2, patients were younger but had similar comorbidities, except for a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to PER1. Unvaccinated COVID-19 patients in PER2 required more invasive ventilatory support (38.9% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.03) and had a higher severity score (six) than vaccinated patients (five, p = 0.048). The variables that best predicted mortality were age > 60 years (OR 28,995) and the presence of nutritional risk (OR 5,246). DISCUSSION: Changes in the profile and outcomes of hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with the prioritization of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and their protective effect in reducing hospitalizations and disease severity in older adults.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , COVID-19/mortalidade , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Comorbidade , Evolução Clínica , Estado Nutricional , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Several vaccines have been developed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. CoronaVac®, an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, has demonstrated safety and immunogenicity, preventing severe COVID-19 cases. We investigate the safety and non-inferiority of two immunization schedules of CoronaVac® in a non-inferiority trial in healthy adults. A total of 2302 healthy adults were enrolled at 8 centers in Chile and randomly assigned to two vaccination schedules, receiving two doses with either 14 or 28 days between each. The primary safety and efficacy endpoints were solicited adverse events (AEs) within 7 days of each dose, and comparing the number of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection 14 days after the second dose between the schedules, respectively. The most frequent local AE was pain at the injection site, which was less frequent in participants aged ≥60 years. Other local AEs were reported in less than 5% of participants. The most frequent systemic AEs were headache, fatigue, and myalgia. Most AEs were mild and transient. There were no significant differences for local and systemic AEs between schedules. A total of 58 COVID-19 cases were confirmed, and all but 2 of them were mild. No differences were observed in the proportion of COVID-19 cases between schedules. CoronaVac® is safe, especially in ≥60-year-old participants. Both schedules protected against COVID-19 hospitalization.
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Prediabetic myocardium, induced by fructose-rich diet (FRD), is prone to increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-Ca2+ leak and arrhythmias due to increased activity of the Ca2+/calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII). However, little is known about the role of SR-mitochondria microdomains, mitochondrial structure, and mitochondrial metabolisms. To address this knowledge gap we measured SR-mitochondrial proximity, intracellular Ca2+, and mitochondrial metabolism in wild type (WT) and AC3-I transgenic mice, with myocardial-targeted CaMKII inhibition, fed with control diet (CD) or with FRD. Confocal images showed significantly increased spontaneous Ca2+ release events in FRD vs. CD WT cardiomyocytes. [3H]-Ryanodine binding assay revealed higher [3H]Ry binding in FRD than CD WT hearts. O2 consumption at State 4 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production rate were increased, while respiratory control rate (RCR) and Ca2+ retention capacity (CRC) were decreased in FRD vs. CD WT isolated mitochondria. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images showed increased proximity at the SR-mitochondria microdomains, associated with increased tethering proteins, Mfn2, Grp75, and VDAC in FRD vs. CD WT. Mitochondria diameter was decrease and roundness and density were increased in FRD vs. CD WT specimens. The fission protein, Drp1 was significantly increased while the fusion protein, Opa1 was unchanged in FRD vs. CD WT hearts. These differences were prevented in AC3-I mice. We conclude that SR-mitochondria microdomains are subject to CaMKII-dependent remodeling, involving SR-Ca2+ leak and mitochondria fission, in prediabetic mice induced by FRD. We speculate that CaMKII hyperactivity induces SR-Ca2+ leak by RyR2 activation which in turn increases mitochondria Ca2+ content due to the enhanced SR-mitochondria tethering, decreasing CRC.
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Sinalização do Cálcio/fisiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatologia , Mitocôndrias , Miocárdio , Retículo Sarcoplasmático , Animais , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Cálcio/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase Tipo 2 Dependente de Cálcio-Calmodulina/metabolismo , Dieta , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/ultraestrutura , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miocárdio/patologia , Miocárdio/ultraestrutura , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/ultraestrutura , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Canal de Liberação de Cálcio do Receptor de Rianodina/metabolismo , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismo , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/ultraestrutura , ATPases Transportadoras de Cálcio do Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismoRESUMO
Marine ecosystems are some of the most adverse environments on Earth and contain a considerable portion of the global bacterial population, and some of these bacterial species play pivotal roles in several biogeochemical cycles. Marine bacteria have developed different molecular mechanisms to address fluctuating environmental conditions, such as changes in nutrient availability, salinity, temperature, pH, and pressure, making them attractive for use in diverse biotechnology applications. Although more than 99% of marine bacteria cannot be cultivated with traditional microbiological techniques, several species have been successfully isolated and grown in the laboratory, facilitating investigations of their biotechnological potential. Some of these applications may contribute to addressing some current global problems, such as environmental contamination by hydrocarbons and synthetic plastics. In this review, we first summarize and analyze recently published information about marine bacterial diversity. Then, we discuss new literature regarding the isolation and characterization of marine bacterial strains able to degrade hydrocarbons and petroleum-based plastics, and species able to produce biosurfactants. We also describe some current limitations for the implementation of these biotechnological tools, but also we suggest some strategies that may contribute to overcoming them. KEY POINTS: ⢠Marine bacteria have a great metabolic capacity to degrade hydrocarbons in harsh conditions. ⢠Marine environments are an important source of new bacterial plastic-degrading enzymes. ⢠Secondary metabolites from marine bacteria have diverse potential applications in biotechnology.
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Ecossistema , Plásticos , Bactérias/genética , Biodegradação Ambiental , Biotecnologia , HidrocarbonetosRESUMO
This work is a study on the occurrence of emerging pollutants in the northeast Ecuadorian Amazon. Emerging contaminants (ECs)-caffeine, triclosan, estradiol, acetaminophen, nicotine, and ibuprofen-were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in rivers and streams of the Amazon basin near the city of Tena, Ecuador. For that, a total of 16 natural water samples were taken in 8 locations. Sampling sites included areas impacted by discharges from inefficient sewage networks in urban areas, wastes from fish farming and non-functional landfill, a stream with few threats, tap water, and treated sewage. Caffeine was found in the 38% of the samples studied while trimethoprim and acetaminophen had an occurrence of 13%. Caffeine was detected at two sites receiving untreated sewage and one site receiving treated sewage with mean concentrations that ranged between 19 and 31.5 µg L-1. Acetaminophen (50.4 µg L-1) and trimethoprim (2 µg L-1) were only detected in the river receiving treated sewage effluent. This is the first assessment of emerging contaminants in the upper Ecuadorian Amazon basin, and our observations highlight the need for better sewage treatment and water quality monitoring in Amazonian cities.