RESUMO
Resumen: Introducción: La rinitis alérgica (RA) es considerada como un problema de salud pública, por lo tanto, es indispensable poner a prueba estrategias de educación para la salud como la consejería de enfermería (CE) dirigida a grupos poblacionales como niños con rinitis alérgica y sus tutores. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo medir durante un año los beneficios en la salud de población infantil con esta enfermedad. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal, aleatorio, comparativo, con una muestra de 100 pacientes pediátricos de ambos sexos, con edades de 6 a 12 años, con diagnóstico de rinitis alérgica, con consejería (grupo estudio) y sin consejería (grupo control). En ambos grupos se obtuvo carta de consentimiento informado firmada por ambos tutores, además de cédulas de conocimiento y de valoración; la segunda incluyó escala de sintomatología y de Morisky Green (adherencia al tratamiento). Los niños del grupo estudio recibieron intervención basada en educación personalizada, material didáctico, apoyo del grupo multidisciplinario en caso necesario (médico, dermatólogo y psicólogo). El grupo control recibió atención habitual. En ambos grupos se hizo seguimiento vía telefónica, lo que permitió identi"car el número de recaídas en un año. Resultados: Para la comparación de los resultados se aplicó la prueba de Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney); la presencia de recaídas en el grupo control comparado con el grupo estudio se encontró estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: Se encontró que la población infantil que recibe CE, tiene como beneficio mejor control de la sintomatología y disminución de recaídas al año.
Abstract: Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is considered to be a public health problem, therefore it is essential to test health education strategies such as nursing counseling (NC) aimed at population groups such as children with allergic rhinitis and their tutors. This study aimed to measure the health benefits of children with this disease for a year. Methods: Longitudinal, randomized, comparative study with a sample of 100 pediatric patients of both sexes, aged 6 to 12 years, with diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, with counseling (study group) and without counseling (control group). In both groups, an informed consent letter signed by both tutors was obtained, in addition to knowledge and assessment papers; the latter included a scale of symptomatology and Morisky Green (adherence to treatment). The children in the study group received intervention based on personalized education, didactic material, support of the multidisciplinary group if necessary (doctor, dermatologist and psychologist). The control group received usual care. In both groups, telephone follow-up was performed, which allowed the number of relapses to be identified in one year. Results: The Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann-Whitney) was used to compare the results; the presence of relapses in the control group was statistically significant compared to the study group. Conclusions: It was found that the infant population that receives NC, has as a better benefit the control of the symptomatology and decrease of relapses per year.
Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Aconselhamento/métodos , Rinite Alérgica/enfermagem , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/organização & administração , Recidiva , Telefone , Seguimentos , Estudos Longitudinais , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is considered to be a public health problem, therefore it is essential to test health education strategies such as nursing counseling (NC) aimed at population groups such as children with allergic rhinitis and their tutors. This study aimed to measure the health benefits of children with this disease for a year. METHODS: Longitudinal, randomized, comparative study with a sample of 100 pediatric patients of both sexes, aged 6 to 12 years, with diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, with counseling (study group) and without counseling (control group). In both groups, an informed consent letter signed by both tutors was obtained, in addition to knowledge and assessment papers; the latter included a scale of symptomatology and Morisky Green (adherence to treatment). The children in the study group received intervention based on personalized education, didactic material, support of the multidisciplinary group if necessary (doctor, dermatologist and psychologist). The control group received usual care. In both groups, telephone follow-up was performed, which allowed the number of relapses to be identified in one year. RESULTS: The Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann-Whitney) was used to compare the results; the presence of relapses in the control group was statistically significant compared to the study group. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that the infant population that receives NC, has as a better benefit the control of the symptomatology and decrease of relapses per year.
Assuntos
Aconselhamento/métodos , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/organização & administração , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Rinite Alérgica/enfermagem , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Recidiva , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , TelefoneRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Several studies suggest that the prevalence of allergic diseases has been increasing worldwide in recent years; then it is very important to identify some risk factors that could be related. OBJECTIVE: To know some hereditary and environmental risk factors that could be related to the development of allergic diseases in open population from Mexico City. PATIENTS AND METHOD: It was an open-population, cross-sectional trial, in two phases with a random sample size of 4272 individuals in 214 public health centers. A questionnaire was applied by health workers. Statistical analysis was made with Excel 97-2004 using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and chi-square-test for discrete variables. p < 0.001 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of allergic diseases in Mexico City was 42.6%, allergic rhinitis was the most frequent. The most important risk factors for allergic diseases were: family history of atopy in first and second degree; early consumption of cow's milk; early weaning with cereal, egg, beef, fish and pulses; living with some animals, indoor plants, active and passive smoking, to keep stuffed toys in the rooms, as well as living in dwellings with dust, cold temperatures, wall saltpeter and with dampness (mold growth). CONCLUSION: Because genetic factors can not be modified, it is important to identify environmental factors related to the development of allergic diseases in order to promote preventive measures.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Saúde da População Urbana , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is a considerable variation in the prevalence of allergic disorders in developing countries. These differences may be attributable to different methodological problems and to the lack of operational definitions. Several studies suggest that the prevalence of allergic diseases has been increasing worldwide in recent years. However, in Mexico, there is no data in open population. OBJECTIVE: To know in open population the prevalence of allergic diseases in the counties of Mexico City, the frequence of symptoms in each allergic disease, the therapeutic modalities that patients seek, the school and work annual absences and the amount of money that each patient spends in antiallergic drugs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It was an open-population, cross-sectional trial, in two phases with a random sample size of 8,000 individuals from 214 public health centers. Statistical analysis was made with Excel 97-2004: Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and chi-square-test for discrete variables, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of allergic diseases in Mexico City was 42.6%, allergic rhinitis was the most frequent. Children are the largest age group affected. The highest prevalence was found in Tlahuac county. Coexistence of allergic diseases was found in 19.9%. The 44.2% of allergic patients attended to their general practitioner. 20.4% of all patients spent 10-20% of their income in medicines and 26% do not have money to buy antiallergic drugs. School and work annual absences are 3.37 +/- 3.86 and 6.2 +/- 12.84 days, respectively. CONCLUSION: Allergic diseases must be considered a public-health problem in Mexico City.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Urbana , Absenteísmo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antialérgicos/economia , Antialérgicos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Conjuntivite Alérgica/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Dermatite Atópica/epidemiologia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Feminino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/tratamento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidade/economia , Lactente , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Honorários por Prescrição de Medicamentos , Prevalência , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/epidemiologia , Estudos de Amostragem , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Urticária/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
las conjutivitis alérgicas son padecimientos que en general se presentan frecuentemente asociadas a otras enfermedades atópicas, por eso es de suma importancia conocer sus diversos tipos, su fisiopatología, los factores desencadenantes, cuadro clínico y tratamiento
Assuntos
Alérgenos , Conjuntivite Alérgica/classificação , Conjuntivite Alérgica/fisiopatologia , Conjuntivite Alérgica/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade/imunologiaRESUMO
Considerando como trastorno atópico junto con el asma y la rinitis, el eczema carece de definición. Se usa como sinónimo de dermatitis especialmente de la atópica. En 1982 Ackerman y Ragaz propusieron eliminar el uso de excema por su carencia de definición reproducible y criterios para su identificación y clasificación. El eczema es un síndrome que puede ocurrir en las dermatitis agudas. Cuando hay presencia de hipersensibilidad específica mediada por IgE en una dermatitis, se puede decir que ésta es atópica. Si la dermatitis "atópica" está en fase aguda puede tener eczema, pero no en la fase crónica que muestra datos del síndrome de dermatitis crónica. El eczema, la dermatitis y la atopia son entidades independientes que pueden ocurrir simultáneamente en algunos individuos genéticamente predispuestos, pero no están necesariamente relacionados. En este trabajo analizamos las confusiones y los conceptos fundamentales de una patología muy frecuente cuyo conocimiento es de interés para pediatras, alergólogos, dermatólogos e inmunólogos